BRIDGE MAINTENANCE PAINTING POLICY

MODIFIED BYEI 05-002EFFECTIVE 09/08/05

SUPERSEDED BYEI 05-038 & EI 05-040EFFECTIVE 05/04/06

To: New York StateDepartment ofTransportation

ENGINEERINGINSTRUCTION

EI97-029

Title: BRIDGE MAINTENANCE PAINTING POLICYDistribution:: Manufacturers(18) 9 Surveyors (33): Main Office (30) : Consultants (34): Local Govt. (31) : Contractors/AGC (39): Regions/Agencies (32) 9 ( )

Approved:

/s/ P. J. Clark P. J. Clark, Design Division

/s/ Paul T. Wells P. T. Wells, Construction Division

12/01/97 Date

12/01/97 Date

This Engineering Instruction supersedes Engineering Instruction EI 93-020, and modifies EngineeringInstruction EI 94-019.

This Engineering Instruction is effective with the letting of April 23, 1998. These requirements may besubstituted for on-going work by order-on-contract.

Purpose: This Engineering Instruction establishes new policy and transmits new specifications and proceduresfor painting existing structures in the field. These requirements specify a single component, moisture-curingurethane paint system, and three different painting methods for use on bridges with good, moderate, and poorpaint conditions. Guidelines are presented for the designer to select the most appropriate painting method,based on the condition of the existing paint, and the location and complexity of the structure selected forpainting. Specifications for a new Class B type containment enclosure for use on bridges cleaned using powertools are included.

The following new items are being transmitted:

1. Item 18573.1010 M & 18573.1011 M (Spray Prohibited) - Field Cleaning and Overcoating - SSPC-SP11

2. Item 18573.1012 M & 18573.1013 M (Spray Prohibited) - Field Cleaning and Overcoating - SSPC- SP6

3. Item 18573.1014 M & Item 18573.1015 M (Spray Prohibited) - Field Cleaning and Painting -Total Removal

4. Item 18574.1010 M - Class B Containment System

5. Revision to Section 571 - Treatment and Disposal of Paint Removal Waste - This specificationrevision changes Section 571 of the 1995 Standard Specifications, and will be inserted into contractproposals beginning with the effective date of this instruction, for projects containing the new payitems 18573.1010 M through 18573.1015 M. The revision pertains to the requirement for bridgewashing waste to be separated from paint removal waste.6. Shelf Note - Bridge Washing Wastes - This shelf note will be inserted into contract proposals

EI 97-029 of 10 beginning with the effective date of this instruction, for projects containing the new pay items 18573.1010 through 18573.1015 M.

The following old items are being deleted:

1. Delete Item 18570.8611 M & 18570.8612 M (Spray Prohibited) - Maintenance Cleaning andEpoxy Priming

2. Delete Item 18570.8613 M & 18570.8614 M (Spray Prohibited) - Maintenance Painting EpoxyIntermediate Coat

3. Delete Item 18570.8615 M & Item 18570.8616 M (Spray Prohibited) - Maintenance PaintingUrethane Finish Coat

4. Delete Item 18570.2502 and Item 18570.2502 M - Containment System for Localized Steel Repair andPainting. (The new Item 18574.1010 M that is being transmitted with this Engineering Instructionis to be substituted whenever the deleted items, that were previously transmitted with EngineeringInstruction EI 94-019, would have been used).

The following existing items are unchanged and are referenced in this EI:

1. Standard Specification Items 570.09 M and 570.10 M, Environmental Ground Protection andEnvironmental Waterway Protection

2. Item 18570.1503 M, Class A Containment System for Paint Removal

Background: The cost and effort needed to repaint in-service structures has increased significantly in recentyears. Strict EPA regulations are applied to bridge painting projects that involve the removal of existing paint.These regulations control the emissions of dust alone, and dust containing lead debris into the environment.Ambient air quality standards that regulate the release of particulate and lead particles must be complied with.In addition, OSHA has introduced new and stringent regulations for worker safety, i.e. Interim Standard forLead in Construction (Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1926.62).

To meet these standards and regulations, in 1993 the Department issued requirements and guidelines for theuse of a negative pressure, Class A containment system. The Class A containment has been successful incontaining dust and lead paint debris on bridge painting projects that specify open abrasive blasting as themethod of surface preparation. To address worker safety, a lead health and safety program, exposure controlplan, and monitoring requirements have been developed for bridge painting work.

Air quality and worker health issues are expected to significantly affect how we conduct bridge painting work.There have, however, been some new developments within the painting industry which will both have an effecton and give direction to our painting program.

1. A single component moisture-curing urethane paint system has been developed for structural steelwork. In laboratory and field tests performed by the Materials Bureau and others, moisture-curing paintsystems have performed as well as the current standard epoxy mastic/urethane system.

EI 97-029 of 10Because this paint dries by reacting with moisture in the air, painting work can be performed inconditions of high humidity and damp weather. Multiple recoats are possible within the same workday, and over a greater temperature range.

Moisture-curing paints are somewhat tolerant of imperfectly cleaned surfaces. Although the greatestservice life will occur on steel cleaned by abrasive blast cleaning, satisfactory performance can beachieved on certain bridges cleaned to a lesser standard using power tools.

2. New research has indicated that abrasive blast cleaning alone will not remove de-icing salts and othersoluble pollutants. When left in place these contaminants create active corrosion cells which can leadto early coating failures. The most efficient way to eliminate these corrosion causing residues is topressure wash all surfaces before surface preparation and painting work begins.

The use of pressure washing requires that a revision to Section 571 of the Standard Specifications, anda Special Note entitled “Bridge Washing Waste,” be included in the proposal to alert the contractor tothe proper handling of the waste generated. Copies are attached to this instruction.

3. A negative pressure, Class A containment system is necessary when performing open abrasive blastingoperations. This will usually be the case on bridges with moderate to severe corrosion (e.g. greater than25% rust), or when cleaning bridges with more complicated designs (e.g., trusses), or when all theexisting paint is removed from the structure.

4. A Class B containment system is a simple enclosure design consisting of drapes and covers suspendedaround the work area. A negative pressure is not specified. Ventilation in the containment is usuallyby natural means. Filtering or treatment of exit air is not required. In populated areas and in sensitivelocations (e.g. near schools and over water), a Class B containment system has proven to be effectivefor containing paint waste and dust when vacuum shrouded power tools and vacuum blasters are usedfor paint removal work. A Class B containment is not effective, nor can it be used to contain paintwaste and dust generated by open abrasive blast cleaning operations.

5. In unpopulated locations, when vacuum shrouded power tools and vacuum blasters are used for paintremoval work, containment for paint waste may be provided by using the simple ground and waterprotection specified under Items 570.09 M and 570.10 M (Environmental Ground and WaterProtection).

6. Paint that is applied in the winter and seasons of cool weather does not perform well. Painting workshould not usually be allowed in the winter months of December through March. If absolutelynecessary to complete a project, for example, paint applied during this time period must be allowed tofully dry in a heated enclosure.

7. On structures with significant corrosion and paint deterioration, on complicated structures such astrusses and built-up plates, and on certain other structures in sensitive and highly populated areas,consideration should be given to removing all of the existing lead paint.

8. Paint life is dependent on surface preparation and coating thickness. Research indicates that in over85% of the investigations performed, premature paint failures are a result of improperly prepared

EI 97-029 of 10surfaces, or thin coating thicknesses. In general, for spot-cleaning and overcoating, a moisture-curepaint system will perform for 10 years on surfaces cleaned using power tools, and for 15 years onsurfaces cleaned by abrasive blasting. When all of the paint is blast cleaned from existing structures,the moisture-cure paint system will provide 20 years of service. These paint lives assume that thecleaning standard specified for the method of surface preparation is achieved, and that the specifiedcoating thickness is applied.

The present preventive maintenance requirement for repainting on a 12-year cycle will be re-evaluatedas additional experience with the moisture-curing urethane paint system is obtained. Recommendationsfor 10, 15, and 20 year repainting cycles will be made based on actual field performance.

9. Paint life is dependent on the quality of paint inspection. In the past few years, with the use of a ClassA containment system, workers perform their duties within an enclosure, and inspectors cannot alwayseasily inspect painting activities. The contractor is ultimately responsible for making sure that surfacesare properly cleaned and that coatings are properly applied. However, whenever possible, no paintingshould be allowed unless the cleaned surfaces have been inspected and approved, and the thicknessesof the applied coatings have been measured and approved.

10. Abrasive blast cleaning is the most efficient way to remove rust, millscale, and deteriorated paint fromthe structure. Blast cleaning is the most productive method of cleaning. It is the best method forcleaning small and complicated shapes (e.g. lattice pieces, heads of nuts and bolts, edges of bearingsand plates), and for cleaning marginally accessible surfaces such as the tops and backsides of structuralshapes. Production rates for blast cleaning to a commercial standard (SP-6) are estimated at 1000 -1500 sf/blast nozzle/day. Abrasive consumption rates for commercial blasting to a bare metal conditionare estimated at 4 lbs/sf for non-reusable slag.

11. Cleaning with vacuum shrouded power tools, needle guns, grinders, rotary impact hammers, andvacuum blasters is a less efficient and a more labor intensive way to remove rust and deteriorated paint.For this reason, its use is better suited to structures with uncomplicated designs (e.g. highway gradecrossings), structures with large, flat surfaces, and structures with minimal coating deterioration. Areasof limited accessibility are difficult to clean with power tools. Production rates are slow. It is notpractical to expect a worker using heavy, vibrating power tools to work continuously for a full 8-hourday. Experience has shown that three to four productive hours can reasonably be expected. Dependingon the condition of the surface being cleaned, and the type of power tool used, production rates can befrom 100 - 400 sf/worker/day. A HEPA filtered vacuum attachment on the power tool captures dustand helps to control the collection of debris by channeling it to a container.

12. It may not always be possible to erect and use a Class A or Class B containment system. Bridges overactive railroad lines, restricted highways, and roadways with heavy traffic volumes may require specialconsideration. The designer must be aware that whenever a Class A or a Class B containmentenclosure is specified, traffic may be disrupted beneath structures with low or inadequate clearances.If lane closures cannot be maintained for practical time periods, normally an 8-hour work day, it maynot be possible to use a containment system on the portion of the structure that spans the obstruction.In this case the designer must specify that spot cleaning and painting be performed on those spans, orportions of the structure, over the railroad or highway using vacuum shrouded power tools, regardlessof the condition of the existing painted surface. Ground or water protection must be specified beneath

EI 97-029 of 10the work area to collect falling paint chips. Spilled paint chips and other waste must be collected. Toobtain the longest lasting paint life, spans and areas adjacent to the obstructed area should be cleanedand painted in the normal manner, using an appropriate containment system.

Site Evaluation: Three basic painting methods are presented in this Engineering Instruction. Thedesigner/engineer must perform an on-site evaluation of each structure that is being considered for painting.On larger and more complicated bridges it may be necessary to use "lift" equipment to gain access. MaterialsBureau personnel are available to assist if requested.

When the evaluation is performed, the following should be considered:

1. Location. Is the structure in a rural or populated area? Is it in a sensitive location, suchas over a stream, or near schools, playgrounds, homes, or public places? Is it near afarm or livestock? This information will be used to select the appropriate containmentto control paint waste.

2. Type of Structure. Is this bridge a simple structure, such as a girder or stringer bridge,that has uncomplicated details, with accessible flat surfaces that will be easy to cleanwith power tools? Or is this a truss bridge consisting of small, riveted pieces, or astructure constructed of built-up plates that will be difficult to access, and may requirecleaning using open abrasive blasting methods?

3. Condition of Existing Paint. What is the condition of the existing paint? The extent ofsurface area on the bridge that needs cleaning to remove corrosion (rust) anddeteriorated paint should be estimated as follows:

Good - less than 25% of surface;Moderate - 25 to 50% of surface;Poor - greater than 50% of surface.

On structures in "good" condition, are the corroded and deteriorated areas easily accessible forpower tool cleaning, or will abrasive blast cleaning be required?

4. Other Considerations. How thick are the coats of existing paint, and how well are theyadhered? Use a dry film gage to measure paint thickness. Use a putty knife, or a pocket knife,or similar tool to get an idea of the adhesion of the existing coats of paint. If the paint isdifficult to remove it is probably suitable to overcoat. There are other procedures to test paintadhesion, such as the "crosshatch and tape test," but these require considerable experience bythe "tester" and are not recommended for general use. If the thickness of existing coatingsexceeds 1 mm (30 mils), or if the coating can be easily removed, or if there are large areas ofpeeling and delaminating paint, then total removal should be considered.

Bridges that span sensitive streams (e.g. trout streams) are susceptible to thermal shock andpollutants. These structures may only be pressure washed when adequate flow in the streamexists to dilute possible contaminants. Streams categorized by the Department ofEnvironmental Conservation (DEC) as"CT" and "CT(s)" must be washed prior to July 1, and

EI 97-029 of 10bridges located at DEC yearling trout stocking sites shall not be washed during April. Inaddition, when washing operations are performed on bridges over a public water supply, e.g.,any reservoir or on bridges in the New York City water supply, the spent washwater must bediverted, or collected for disposal at another location. The designer must indicate and includein the Contract Documents all date restrictions for pressure washing over streams categorizedas "CT" and "CT(s)", and for the collection of spent wash water. Additional information isavailable from the Environmental Analysis Bureau (518-457-5672).

Should the spray application of new paint be prohibited? The performance or service-life ofthe applied paint coating is not affected by the method of application and the difference in costbetween paint application using brushes/rollers and spray is only around ten cents per squaremeter ($0.01/SF). When spray painting is performed up to 20% of the sprayed paint materialwill be lost as overspray. Unless the structure is located in a remote location where damagefrom overspray is not a concern, or unless spray paint application is performed in acontainment, spray painting should be prohibited.

In the 1980's coal-tar epoxy paint was often used to protect the steel from corrosion on surfacesbeneath, and 1.5 meters (5') back ( in all directions) from transverse bridge joints, and beneathopen steel grates. Coal tar coatings are difficult to overcoat and they should be removed orchecked carefully to ensure that they are well adhered. Tightly bonded coal-tar in goodcondition can be painted over. If the coal-tar is loosely adhered or deteriorated it should beremoved before new paint is applied.

Throughout the late 1950's, 1960's and early 1970's, an asbestos-coating product called "dum-dum" was used as a fireproofing and waterproofing. The primary use of this material isbelieved to have been on bridges crossing railroads, and on bridges constructed with open steelgrates. On bridges over railroads the entire structure or those spans over the rail lines may havebeen coated. Typical locations beneath open steel grates would include the steel surfaces of theinterior girders and girder fascia immediately below the grating. Dum-dum may also have beenused to a lesser extent on some bridges on the steel surface beneath transverse bridge joints, andon steel girders, 1.5 to 3 meters (5' to 10') back in all directions from piers and abutments.

Many of the structures where dum-dum was applied have since been repainted and it is unlikelythat many bridges still contain this application. However, the designer should be aware of itsexistence and evaluate the structure for its presence.

Preliminary identification of dum-dum is by close inspection of the steel. It is approximately3 mm to 6 mm thick (1/8" to 1/4") and will likely be in good condition with existing layers ofpaint covering it. Visual confirmation of its presence will require close inspection of the steel.Dum-dum may have an exterior appearance similar to coal-tar because it typically will bepainted, however, areas where there is damage or where the edges are exposed should indicatea silver and/or rust colored interior with a visible asbestos fiber matrix. By comparison, coaltar is typically black or dark red, throughout the interior, with no fibrous matrix.

If dum-dum material is found or suspected on any structure scheduled for painting it willrequire prior abatement by a licensed contractor subsequent to any other work. To help

EI 97-029 of 10determine this need, when this material is identified on projects, the Environmental AnalysisBureau should be contacted at 518-457-5672.

Selecting A Painting Method: Using the information from the site evaluation, the designer should now selecta paint method to perform the work. The following three methods (Table 1) are general requirements thatshould satisfy most project work. There will however be structures that will need special requirements, or thatwill need more than one procedure to produce a satisfactory job. Using the information in this EI, and someengineering judgement, the designer should be able to recognize and specify the appropriate specificationrequirements to develop a "customized" painting method, when one becomes necessary.

Paint Method #1: This painting method is for bridges with simple, uncomplicated designs, that havebeen rated in "Good" condition with less than 25% rust and deteriorated paint. Bridges that areconsidered for this painting method will normally be girder or stringer bridges with uncomplicateddetails and flat surfaces, that will be accessible for cleaning using power tools. This method may alsobe considered for use on individual spans of structures with more extensive paint deterioration whentraffic considerations preclude the use of Class A or Class B containment. All structures meeting thisdefinition should be cleaned and painted using vacuum shrouded power tools and vacuum blasters. Thequantity of paint debris and dust from cleaning operations will be minimal as it will not containabrasive. In non-sensitive rural locations, simple ground and water protection items should be specifiedto contain dust and debris. In urban settings and sensitive locations (over reservoirs, trout streams, nearschools and housing) a Class B containment system must be used. The quantity of paint wastegenerated by cleaning with power tools will be small. Typically, on a structure with a total surface areaof 2300 m2 (25,000 SF), with 25% of the paint deteriorated (575 m2 or 6250 SF), the quantity ofwaste generated from power tool cleaning work will be less than a cubic meter (yd3). The treatment anddisposal of the paint waste will be paid for as each cubic meter (yd3) of waste material generated.

Paint Method #2: This painting method is for bridges that have been rated as "Moderate." Corrodedor deteriorated paint is present on 25 - 50% of the surface area on the structure. This method shouldalso be used on structures with complicated detail designs and less than 25% rust and deterioratedpaint, when power tool cleaning is not practical because of the e complexity of the bridge. Cleaningwith power tools on a structure with this quantity of deterioration is not practical because of theslowness of the cleaning operation, and because power tools will be less able to access marginallyaccessible surfaces. Cleaning on this structure will require abrasive blasting. A Class A containmentmust be included to contain waste and debris. Spot blasting and painting is the recommended choicefor use on this bridge, but total removal may be appropriate in special cases, such as in heavilypopulated and sensitive locations. Moderate quantities of waste will be generated by spot blasting.The treatment and disposal of paint waste will be paid as each cubic meter (yd3) of waste materialgenerated.

Paint Method #3: This painting method is for bridges rated "Poor," with corroded and deterioratedpaint present on 50% or more of the surface area, and for any other structures where 100% paintremoval is justified. Surface preparation will require abrasive blasting to achieve 100% removal. AClass A containment must be used to contain paint removal waste. Large quantities of waste materialwill be generated by the cleaning operation. The treatment and disposal of paint waste will be paid foras each cubic meter (yd3) of waste material generated.

This paint method may also be considered for use in densely populated and sensitive locations whereit may be desirable to remove all of the lead paint; for structures with significant impacts on highvolume traffic such as bridges over interstate highways with high AADT's; for major structures for

EI 97-029 of 10which containment costs will be high and the longest possible repainting cycle is desired, such as rivercrossings; and for individual bridges where there is a programmatic benefit to eliminating the leadpaint or extending the repainting cycle, such as a single painted bridge along a highway segment withweathered steel bridges.

Table 1 summarizes the typical painting methods and items. It is important to note that Table 1 only includesthe items that directly pertain to the painting work (cleaning, painting, containment, and waste disposal). Itemsfor M&PT, worker health and safety, engineers office, phones, and related items are to be included in theproject by the designer, as necessary.

TABLE 1TYPICAL PAINTING METHODS

% Deterioration METHOD #1(<25%)

METHOD #2(25%-50%)

METHOD #3(>50%)

Location Urban(Sensitive)

Rural(Non-sensitive)

AllLocations

AllLocations

Containment:Item 570.09 M/570.10 MItem 18570.1503 MItem 18574.1010 M

--x

x--

-x-

-x-

Cleaning & Painting:Item 18573.1010 M/.1011 MItem 18573.1012 M/.1013 MItem 18573.1014 M/.1015 M

x--

x--

-x-

--x

Paint Removal Waste:Item 571.01 M x x x x

Note: 1. Method #1 is for use on simple structures. For complex structures Method #2 is to be used even for <25% deterioration.2. Method #3 is for use whenever 100% paint removal is required, regardless of the extent of deterioration.3. Item 570.09 M/10 M, Environmental Ground Protection/Water Protection Item 18570.1503 M, Class A Containment System for Paint Removal Item 18574.1010 M, Class B Containment Item 18573.1010 M/.1011 M, Field Cleaning and Overcoating - SSPC-SP11 Item 18573.1012 M/.1013 M, Field Cleaning and Overcoating - SSPC-SP6 Item 18573.1014 M/.1015 M, Field Cleaning and Painting - Total Removal Item 571.01 M - Treatment and Disposal of Paint Removal Waste

Painting Costs: Reliable estimates of bridge painting costs have always been difficult to obtain. TheDepartment has historically bid bridge painting on a lump sum basis, rather than by a more meaningful "dollarper square meter ($/SF)." Accurate determinations of steel surface area are often not made, or available, andcontractor bid prices cover a wide range.

EI 97-029 of 10In a report issued by the Design Quality Assurance Bureau, the cost for bridge painting using the epoxy masticand urethane type paint system with a Class A containment was analyzed. A majority of cost data consideredin this analysis was represented by 232 Type 2 girder bridges that were bid on 35 different contracts. Theanalysis included costs for five bid items - Class A containment, cleaning and epoxy priming, painting theepoxy intermediate coat, painting the urethane finish coat, and treatment and waste disposal. The reportconcluded that the total average cost for these five items was about $41.90/m² (3.88/SF). This cost data isshown in Table 2, Column 1.

To evaluate the cost impact of the new painting methods included in this Engineering Instruction, the MaterialsBureau has developed cost estimates using data from industry and the Steel Structures Painting Council. Theseestimates, which are for Type II girder bridges, are included in Table 2, Columns 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Column 2is the Materials Bureau estimate of the current epoxy mastic and urethane paint system with a Class Acontainment, and represents the same items of work as analyzed in the DQAB report. It is presented to confirmthe accuracy of the data used to assess the cost of the new painting methods, using the moisture-curing paintsystem. Because there is no historical data to determine the cost of the new painting methods, the cost for thiswork must be based on estimates. The Materials Bureau estimate in Column 2 of $36.39/m² (3.37/SF) iswithin 13% of the actual bid estimate of $41.90/m² ($3.88/SF) reported by DQAB. Considering the disparityand wide range of bid prices for bridge painting work, the cost estimates can be considered reasonablyconsistent.

In Table 2, using the Materials Bureau estimates, the current cost of painting using the epoxy mastic andurethane system with a Class A containment is shown to be $36.39/m² (3.37/SF). The new paint Method 1(Column 3) using the moisture-curing paint system with simple ground and water protection has the lowestinitial cost of $17.28/m2 ($1.60/SF), and Method 1 (Column 4) with a Class B containment has a slightlyhigher initial cost of $21.06/m² ($1.95/SF). Method 2, which is similar to the current epoxy mastic/urethanepainting system, but with moisture-curing paint and Class A containment, has a first cost of $36.07/m²($3.34/SF), which is comparable to current costs. The total paint removal Method 3, using moisture-curingpaint and a Class A containment has the highest first cost of $44.60/m² ($4.13/SF).

Program Impact: It is anticipated that this policy will result in an increase in the Statewide average paintingcycle and a decrease in the annual average cost for maintenance painting, based on the technical and costinformation currently available (assuming all other factors remain constant), due to:

- Use of a durable and surface tolerant paint system- Reduced effort for surface preparation (in some cases)- Reduced use of Class A containment system

Results may vary considerable among Regions and from year-to-year due to individual project conditions,program management strategies and other factors.

Technical Assistance: Questions and requests for technical and project assistance should be directed to theMaterials Bureau at 518-457-4285.

TABLE 2ESTIMATED PAINTING COSTS FOR TYPE II BRIDGES

EI 97-029 of 10(1997 DOLLARS)

Item

Current StandardEpoxy Mastic &

Urethane Paint SystemNew Moisture-Cure Paint System

1 2 3 4 5 6

DQAB Materials Method 1 Method 1 Method 2 Method 3

Class A Containment $14.58/m2 $14.58/m2 - - $14.58/m2 $14.58/m2

Ground/Water Prot. - - $1.62/m2 - - -

Class B Containment - - - $5.40/m2 - -

Clean and Prime $14.04/m2 $10.69/m2 $8.21/m2 $8.21/m2 $12.53/m2 $19.44/m2

Intermediate Coat $6.26/m2 $4.32/m2 $3.56/m2 $3.56/m2 $3.56/m2 $3.56/m2

Finish Coat $6.05/m2 $4.64/m2 $3.78/m2 $3.78/m2 $3.78/m2 $3.78/m2

Waste Treatment andDisposal

$0.97/m2 $2.16/m2 $0.11/m2 $0.11/m2 $1.62/m2 $3.24/m2

Total $41.90/m2 $36.39/m2 $17.28/m2 $21.06/m2 $36.07/m2 $44.60/m2

Note: 1. To convert cost estimate to $/SF divide by 10.82. This estimate is for Type II, plate girder bridges. Trusses, lift bridges, and structures with complicated designs will have added costs.3. All costs represent $/m2 of steel surface area.

ITEM 18573.1010 M FIELD CLEANING AND OVERCOATING - SSPC-SP11ITEM 18573.1011 M FIELD CLEANING AND OVERCOATING - SSPC-SP11

(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 1 of 8

DESCRIPTION

This work shall consist of pressure washing, power tool and vacuum blast cleaning, touch-up priming, and overcoatingstructural steel surfaces with two full coats of paint, where indicated by the Contract Documents.

MATERIALS

1. Paint and Thinner. Paint and thinner shall be selected from the Department's Approved List, "Moisture-Curing Urethane Paint Systems". No substitutions will be allowed.

The shelf life of all paint shall be a maximum of 12 months from the date of manufacture. All acceptancesof paint shall expire within 12 months from the date of manufacture.

All paint (primer, intermediate, and finish coats) used on any one structure shall be produced by the samemanufacturer.

Each single coat of paint shall be a color different from the others. The color of the primer and theintermediate paints shall be at the contractor's option, and shall provide contrast with the underlying substrate.The color of the finish paint shall be as specified in the Contract Documents, or as ordered by the Engineer.

2. Water for Washing. Water for pressure washing shall be clean, fresh water. Cleaners, detergents, or otheradditives will not be allowed. Salt water will not be allowed.

3. Abrasive for Blast Cleaning. Abrasive material for vacuum blast cleaning may be selected by the contractor.All abrasive shall be free of lead and corrosion producing contaminants. The abrasive selected for use shallbe designed to leave a profile of approximately 40 µm to 65 µm in a dense, uniform pattern of depressionsand ridges. Silica sand and other types of non-metallic abrasive containing more than 1.0% crystalline (free)silica, by weight, will not be allowed.

4. Basis of Acceptance. All primer, intermediate, and finish paint, and thinner material, shall be accepted on thebasis of the manufacturer's name, and the product name appearing on the Department's Approved List.

Water for washing and abrasive material for vacuum blast cleaning shall be approved by the Engineer.

Only paint and thinner arriving at the work site in new, unopened containers shall be used.

Containers of paint shall be labeled with the manufacturer's name, product name, batch number and date ofmanufacture. Paint that has not been used within 12 months from the date of manufacture shall be removedfrom the work site.


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

1Note: The containment for pressure washing in intended to capture solid paint chips and other solid debris that may become dislodgedfrom washing operations. The containment may be constructed of water permeable or water impermeable materials. Spent washwaterwill not require collection and will be allowed to fall to the underlying road, ground, or waterway, providing the other requirements of thisspecification are met. The exception for the collection of spent washwater will be for structures over a public water supply. When a bridgecrosses a water supply the spent washwater must be diverted, or collected, and disposed of on the adjoining land mass, at a location awayfrom the waters edge.

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 2 of 8

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

All structural steel members, railings, downspouts, and other miscellaneous steel items as indicated by the ContractDocuments shall be prepared and touched-up with primer, and then painted with two full coats of paint, the intermediatecoat and the finish coat.

1. Surface Preparation. Steel surfaces shall be prepared for painting by a combination of pressure washing, andpower tool and vacuum blast cleaning.

Pressure washing to remove dirt and debris shall be performed first. Power tool and vacuum blast cleaning ofcorroded and deteriorated surfaces shall be performed second.

a. Pressure Washing. All steel surfaces to be painted shall first be pressure washed using equipmentoperating at a minimum pressure of 21.5 MPa, and with a minimum flow rate of 9.5 L/minute. Thepressure washer shall be operated at a distance of 150 mm to 300 mm from the surface. Water may beheated. After washing, the steel surface shall be allowed to dry before subsequent cleaning and paintingwork is done.

Pressure washing shall be performed to remove all dirt, dust, animal waste, and water solublecontaminants. Clean, fresh water shall be used with sufficient pressure to remove surface contaminantsand loose material. Hand scraping and hand scrubbing with a stiff bristled brush will be required asnecessary to remove debris. When necessary, oil and grease shall be removed by hand-wiping, usingsolvents.

After pressure washing, the cleaned surfaces shall be visually free of dust, dirt, oil and grease, animalwaste, salts, and other debris.

Pressure washing will only be allowed when ambient air temperatures are greater than 4.5°C and rising.In no case shall pressure washing be performed when in the opinion of the Engineer spent wastewaterwill freeze on roadway or bridge surfaces, or in any other way create a hazardous situation.

During washing operations, containment shall be suspended around and beneath the work area to containall paint chips, corrosion residue, and other solid particles that become dislodged by pressure washing(see Note1). All such solid residue shall be contained, collected, and allowed to air dry for treatment and


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 3 of 8

disposal as hazardous paint removal waste under Item 571.01 M, or as directed by the Engineer. Thecontainment provided shall also prevent all spray and residue from falling on or interfering with traffic,pedestrians, or surrounding property, above or below the structure. Extreme care shall be exercised toensure that vehicles, pedestrians, and property are not exposed to the cleaning process.

All structures over water courses shall be washed during the seasonal periods indicated in the ContractDocuments. If no schedule is provided, washing shall occur only when adequate flow in the streamexists to dilute possible contaminants. Operations shall be sequenced so as to clean structures over smallbodies of water or small streams in the spring of the year, or in a period when flows are greatest.Streams categorized by the Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) as "CT(s)", i.e. troutspawning, shall be washed prior to July 1 and bridges located at DEC yearling trout stocking sites shallnot be washed during April. When washing operations are performed on bridges over a public watersupply, e.g., reservoir or on bridges in the watershed area of the New York City water supply, the spentwashwater shall be diverted, or collected, and disposed of on the adjoining land mass, at a location awayfrom the waters edge.

To minimize contamination of the washed surfaces, subsequent cleaning, priming and painting workshall be performed within 14 calendar days of the completion of washing work. If more than 14 dayspass by, or if the steel surfaces become dirty, they shall be rewashed in accordance with thisspecification, at no additional cost.

b. Power Tool and Vacuum Blast Cleaning

Surfaces which have become visibly corroded or upon which the existing paint has peeled, flaked,blistered, or otherwise become deteriorated shall be cleaned to bare metal in accordance with SSPC-SP11, Power Tool Cleaning To Bare Metal.

Rust, paint, and millscale shall be removed using vacuum shrouded power tools and vacuum blasters.Vacuum equipped needle guns and vacuum equipped rotary impact assemblies shall be of a type thatis capable of producing a bare metal surface and of producing a surface profile as defined in SSPC-SP11, Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal.

The vacuum assembly on all tools shall be capable of containing all visible dust and debris producedby the operation of the cleaning equipment. Air passing through the vacuum assembly shall beexhausted through a HEPA filter. A HEPA filter shall be defined as a filter that is at least 99.97%efficient for particles that are 0.3 µm in diameter, or larger.

The surface of the area power tool cleaned in any one day shall be no greater than the surface area ofsteel that can be prime coated in the same working day.


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 4 of 8

For the purpose of this specification, vacuum blast equipment shall be considered a power tool, and shallbe used with needle guns and rotary impact flap assemblies to clean rusted and deteriorated surfaces.

The edges of intact paint shall be feathered back and the adjoining paint must be tightly adhered.Ragged edges on adjoining paint will not be allowed. Adherence will only be considered satisfactoryif the adjoining paint is smoothly feathered back, and cannot be removed by lifting with a dull puttyknife.

Special attention shall be given to the edges of beam flanges, angles and plates, bearings, rivets, theheads of nuts and bolts, and similar surfaces that are marginally accessible and difficult to clean. Thesesurfaces are often difficult to access, and are labor intensive and hard to clean.

In general, heavy deposits of rust and rust scale should be removed using needle guns. Hand pounding,using a hammer to loosen heavy rust and scale prior to needle gun cleaning may be necessary. Rotaryimpact assemblies should be used to remove pinpoints and spots of rust, on the flat surfaces of webs andflanges, the edges of angles and plates, bearings, and lattice members, etc. With the proper attachments,vacuum blasters can be used to clean larger, flat and uncomplicated surfaces, edges of angles and plates,to remove mill scale, and to remove heavy deposits of rust. Normally, a combination of these methodswill be needed to provide the required degree of cleanliness.

After cleaning operations are completed, all residue generated by the cleaning work shall be removedby vacuuming using HEPA filtered vacuums.

Corroded and deteriorated surfaces that have been cleaned to bare metal using power tools shall beaccepted by visual comparison to a project prepared standard(s) for each structure. The contractor shallprepare a project standard by power tool cleaning a representative area on the structure that is beingprepared for painting. The prepared standard shall generally conform to SSPC VIS3 ,"Visual Standardfor Power- and Hand-Tool Cleaned Steel", Pictorial Standard E SP 11, F SP 11, and G SP 11, asapplicable, and shall be approved by the Engineer before the start of general cleaning work. At leastone standard shall be prepared for each structure that is being specified for cleaning. More than onestandard may be necessary if the cleaned steel differs significantly from the photographic standards dueto surface conditions or other factors. Each standard shall be at least 300 mm x 300 mm in size, andshall be located in an area of the structure that is accessible to, and approved by the Engineer. Thecontractor shall protect the work standard from corrosion and contamination throughout the duration ofwork by applying a clear coat of polyurethane. At the completion of cleaning work the project standardshall be recleaned and painted in accordance with this specification. If in the opinion of the Engineerthe project standard becomes deteriorated, or otherwise ineffective, it shall be re-established inaccordance with this specification at no additional cost.


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 5 of 8

2. Painting. Painting shall consist of striping, spot-priming all surfaces cleaned to bare metal, andthen applying two full coats of paint, the intermediate coat and the finish coat, to all steelsurfaces designated for painting.

a. Material Storage. Paint in storage shall be protected from damage and maintained between 4.5°C and29.5°C.

b. Specifications and Inspection Equipment. Prior to the start of and throughout the duration of work thecontractor shall supply the Engineer with the following specifications and equipment.. No work shallbegin until these materials have been delivered to, and accepted by the Engineer.

1. One bound copy of the Steel Structures Painting Council surface preparationspecification, SSPC-SP 11, Power Tool Cleaning To Bare Metal.

2. One bound copy of the Steel Structures Painting Council pictorial standards, SSPC-VIS3, Visual Standard For Power- And Hand-Tool Cleaned Steel.

3. One bound copy of the Steel Structures Painting Council method SSPC-PA2, PaintApplication Specification No. 2 - Measurement of Dry Film Thickness With MagneticGages.

4. One Air Thermometer, pocket type, -10°C to +40°C.

5. One Surface Thermometer, -10°C to +40°C.

6. One Magnetic Dry Film Thickness Gage, Type 2 (fixed probe), with a digital readoutdisplay capable of measuring 0 µm to 1500 µm in 1 µm increments..

7. Two Wet Film Thickness Gages, Prong Type, capable of measuring 25 µm to 125 µmin 25 µm increments.

c. Atmospheric Conditions. No paint shall be applied when the receiving surface and ambienttemperatures are less than 1.5°C or greater than 38°C, but there will be no restriction for humidity orfor dew point-temperature differential.

In general, no paint shall be applied in the months of December, January, February, or March. If thecontractor requests approval to apply paint in winter months, and if in the Engineer's opinion satisfactoryresults can be achieved, then the substrate shall be enclosed, painted under cover, and protected fromthe surrounding air. The interior of the enclosure shall be heated and the steel painted when the surface


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 6 of 8

temperature is 10°C, or greater. Direct application of heat to the steel surface will not be allowed. Thepainted steel shall remain enclosed and heated for a minimum of eight hours, or until the applied coatingis dry, whichever is longer. No additional payment will be made for the cost of enclosing, heating, andprotecting paint that has been applied in conditions of cool weather.

When painting inside an enclosure adequate mechanical ventilation shall be supplied to meet OSHAregulations for worker exposure to solvents, fumes, lead, and other provisions. When mechanicalventilation is provided, filtration of the exit air will not be required. No additional payment will be madefor the cost of ventilation.

d. Mixing Paint. All paint shall be thoroughly mixed with mechanical mixers in accordance with themanufacturer's recommendations. After mixing the bottom of the container shall have no unmixedpigment.

e. Solvents and Thinners. Paint may be thinned if recommended by the manufacturer and only if approvedby the Engineer. Only approved thinner shall be used and added up to a maximum of 60 ml/L.

Thinning shall be performed by pouring one-half of the thoroughly mixed paint into a empty, cleancontainer. The required thinner is then added to one of the half-sized portions, and the two portions areremixed to obtain a homogenous mixture.

The paints specified for this work have a limited pot life because of their reaction with the moisture inthe atmosphere. The paint will gel when it nears the end of its pot life. Thinning to reduce the viscosityof gelled paint will not be allowed. The pot life of the paint can be extended by covering opencontainers to reduce exposure to moisture, and by keeping containers of paint cool.

Unauthorized use of solvents and thinners shall result in recleaning and repainting of the surface inaccordance with this specification, at the contractor's expense.

f. Paint Application. No painting shall begin until cleaned surfaces have been inspected and approved bythe Engineer. The contractor shall provide safe, stable, and direct access to the work area for theEngineer's inspection.

Paint may be applied using brush, roller or spray methods, unless spray painting is prohibited by theContract Documents. When spray painting is prohibited, paint shall be applied using brushes or rollersonly. All paint shall be applied so as to produce a uniform, even coating free of runs, sags, drips, ridgesor other defects.

To ensure adequate paint film thickness, stripe painting using primer shall be required on the followingsurfaces, whether cleaned to bare metal or coated with existing paint: all welds, rivets, bolts, nuts, andedges of plates, angles, bearings, lattice pieces or other shapes, and corners and crevices. To provide


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 7 of 8

contrast, primer paint for stripe coating shall be a color that is different from the color of the receivingsurface. On areas cleaned to bare metal, the stripe coat may be applied before or after touch-up primeris applied. On surfaces with existing paint the stripe coat shall be applied before the first full coat ofintermediate paint is applied. Such striping shall extend a minimum of 25 mm from the edge. Toprevent removal of the stripe paint by the following coat of paint, the stripe coat shall be allowed to set-to-touch before the next paint coat is applied. However, on bare metal surfaces the stripe coat shall notbe permitted to dry for a period long enough to allow rusting of the unprimed steel, and on existing paintsurfaces, the stripe coat shall not be allowed to dry longer than 14 days before overcoating with theintermediate coat.

Paint that curls or lifts after application of new paint shall be removed by hand scraping and the areashall be repainted. Wet paint shall be protected against damage until thoroughly dry.

Complete protection against paint spatter, spillage, overspray, wind blown paint, or similar releases ofpaint shall be provided. Covers, tarps, mesh, and similar materials shall be placed around the work areato protect public and private property, pedestrian, vehicular, marine or other traffic, all portions of thebridge, highway appurtenances, waterways, and similar surrounding areas and property, upon, beneath,or adjacent to the structure.

g. Paint Film Thickness. Paint shall be applied in such a quantity so as to produce the minimum specifieddry film thickness for the type of paint material being used (see Approved List - Moisture-CuringUrethane Paint Systems).

The dry film thickness shall be determined in accordance with SSPC-PA 2, Paint ApplicationSpecification No. 2 - Measurement of Dry Film Thickness with Magnetic Gages, using a Type 2 fixedprobe magnetic gages, equipped with a digital readout display.

Areas failing to meet the specified minimum dry film thickness shall be overcoated with the same typeof paint to produce at least the total dry film thickness required.

h. Painting Schedule. Primer shall be applied to bare metal surfaces within twelve hours of the cleaningoperation and before visible rust appears on the cleaned surface. Failure to apply primer to a bare metalsurface within twelve hours or before the appearance of visible rust shall result in recleaning the surfacein accordance with this specification, at no additional cost.

All coats of paint shall be overcoated with the subsequent coat in accordance with the time periodspecified for the paint material that is being used (see Approved List - Moisture-Curing Urethane PaintSystems). To prevent intercoat adhesion failure, recoating with the next coat of primer, intermediate,and finish paint, must be performed within the maximum specified time period, or 14 days, whicheveris shorter. If the contractor fails to recoat within the specified time period the surface to be painted shallbe lightly abraded, using power sanders, prior to applying the next coat of paint. The purpose of power


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 8 of 8

sanding will be to improve adhesion by lightly roughening the surface of the existing paint, not toremove it.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

Payment shall be made by the lump sum price bid.

BASIS OF PAYMENT

The lump sum price bid shall include the cost of all labor, materials and equipment necessary to complete the work. Thecost of providing protection against damage during pressure washing and paint application shall be included in the bidprice. Payment for the containment and disposal of dust and paint waste generated by surface preparation work will bepaid for under other items, however, payment for the accumulation of paint removal waste for deposition in the paintwaste containers shall be included in this item. Progress payments will be made based on the percentage of the structurecleaned and primed and painted with two full coats of paint in accordance with this specification.

Payment will be made under:

Item No. Item Pay Unit

18573.1010 nn M Field Cleaning and Overcoating -SSPC-SP11

Lump Sum(for each structure)

18573.1011 nn M Field Cleaning and Overcoating -SSPC-SP11 (Spray Prohibited)


Note: nn denotes serialized pay item. See §101-53


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 1 of 8

DESCRIPTION

This work shall consist of pressure washing, abrasive blast cleaning, touch-up priming, and overcoating structuralsteel surfaces with two full coats of paint, where indicated by the Contract Documents.

MATERIALS

1. Paint and Thinner. Paint and thinner shall be selected from the Department's Approved List, "Moisture-Curing Urethane Paint Systems". No substitutions will be allowed.

The shelf life of all paint shall be a maximum of 12 months from the date of manufacture. All acceptancesof paint shall expire within 12 months from the date of manufacture.


Each single coat of paint shall be a color different from the others. The color of the primer and theintermediate paints shall be at the contractor's option, and shall provide contrast with the underlying substrate.The color of the finish paint shall be as specified in the Contract Documents, or as ordered by the Engineer.


3. Abrasive for Blast Cleaning. Abrasive material for blast cleaning may be selected by the contractor. Allabrasive shall be free of lead and corrosion producing contaminants. The abrasive selected for use shall bedesigned to leave a profile of approximately 40 µm to 65 µm in a dense, uniform pattern of depressions andridges. Silica sand and other types of non-metallic abrasive containing more than 1.0% crystalline (free) silica,by weight, will not be allowed.

4. Basis of Acceptance. All primer, intermediate, and finish paint, and thinner material, shall be accepted on thebasis of the manufacturer's name, and the product name appearing on the Department's Approved List.

Water for washing and abrasive material for blast cleaning shall be approved by the Engineer.


Containers of paint shall be labeled with the manufacturer's name, product name, batch number and date ofmanufacture. Paint that has not been used within 12 months from the date of manufacture shall be removedfrom the work site.


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

1Note: The containment for pressure washing in intended to capture solid paint chips and other solid debris that may become dislodgedfrom washing operations. The containment may be constructed of water permeable or water impermeable materials. Spent washwater willnot require collection and will be allowed to fall to the underlying road, ground, or waterway, providing the other requirements of thisspecification are met. The exception for the collection of spent washwater will be for structures over a public water supply. When a bridgecrosses a water supply the spent washwater must be diverted, or collected, and disposed of on the adjoining land mass, at a location awayfrom the waters edge.

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 2 of 8


All structural steel members, railings, downspouts, and other miscellaneous steel items as indicated by the ContractDocuments shall be prepared and touched-up with primer, and then painted with two full coats of paint, the intermediatecoat and the finish coat.

1. Surface Preparation. Steel surfaces shall be prepared for painting by a combination of pressure washing andabrasive blast cleaning.

Pressure washing to remove dirt and debris shall be performed first. Abrasive blast cleaning of corroded anddeteriorated surfaces shall be performed second.

a. Pressure Washing. All steel surfaces to be painted shall first be pressure washed using equipmentoperating at a minimum pressure of 21.5 MPa, and with a minimum flow of 9.5 L/minute. The pressurewasher shall be operated at a distance of 150 mm to 300 mm from the surface. Water may be heated.After washing, the surface shall be allowed to dry before subsequent cleaning and painting work isdone.

Pressure washing shall be performed to remove all dirt, dust, animal waste, and water solublecontaminants. Clean, fresh water shall be used with sufficient pressure to remove surface contaminantsand loose material. Hand scraping and hand scrubbing with a stiff bristled brush will be required asnecessary to remove debris. When necessary, oil and grease shall be removed by hand-wiping, usingsolvents.


Pressure washing will only be allowed when ambient air temperatures are greater than 4.5°C and rising.In no case shall pressure washing be performed when in the opinion of the Engineer spent wastewaterwill freeze on roadway or bridge surfaces, or in any other way create a hazardous situation.

During washing operations, containment shall be suspended around and beneath the work area to containall paint chips, corrosion residue, and other solid particles that become dislodged by pressure washing(see Note1). All such solid residue shall be contained, collected, and allowed to air dry for treatment anddisposal as hazardous paint removal waste under Item 571.01 M, or as directed by the Engineer. The


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 3 of 8

containment provided shall also prevent all spray and residue from falling on or interfering with traffic,pedestrians, or surrounding property, above or below the structure. Extreme care shall be exercised toensure that vehicles, pedestrians, and property are not exposed to the cleaning process.

All structures over water courses shall be washed during the seasonal periods indicated in the ContractDocuments. If no schedule is provided, washing shall occur only when adequate flow in the streamexists to dilute possible contaminants. Operations shall be sequenced so as to clean structures over smallbodies of water or small streams in the spring of the year, or in a period when flows are greatest.Streams categorized by the Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) as "CT(s)", i.e. troutspawning, shall be washed prior to July 1 and bridges located at DEC yearling trout stocking sites shallnot be washed during April. When washing operations are performed on bridges over a public watersupply, e.g., reservoir or on bridges in the watershed area of the New York City water supply, the spentwashwater shall be diverted, or collected, and disposed of on the adjoining land mass, at a location awayfrom the waters edge.

To minimize contamination of the washed surfaces, subsequent cleaning, priming and painting workshall be performed within 14 calendar days of the completion of washing work. If more than 14 dayspass by, or if the steel surfaces become dirty, they shall be rewashed in accordance with thisspecification, at no additional cost.

b. Commercial Blast Cleaning

Surfaces which have become visibly corroded or upon which the existing paint has peeled, flaked,blistered, or otherwise become deteriorated shall be cleaned to bare metal in accordance with SSPC-SP6, No. 6, Commercial Blast Cleaning. To remain in place existing paint shall show no evidence ofdeterioration and be tightly adhered. Tightly adhered paint is defined as paint which cannot be removedby lifting with a dull putty knife. If the Engineer determines that paint remaining on the surface aftercleaning is not tightly adhered, then that paint shall be removed by abrasive blast cleaning, until tightpaint is reached.

The edges of intact paint shall be feathered back and the adjoining paint must be tightly adhered.Ragged edges on adjoining paint will not be allowed. Adherence will only be considered satisfactoryif the adjoining paint is smoothly feathered back, and cannot be removed by lifting with a dull puttyknife.

The surface of the area blast cleaned in any one day shall be no greater than the surface area of steel thatcan be prime coated in the same working day.

All equipment and compressors used in the cleaning operation shall be equipped with all necessaryfilters and traps to prevent moisture, oil, and other contaminants from being deposited on clean surfaces.


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 4 of 8

On surfaces cleaned to bare metal, small pieces of intact paint that measure 25 cm2 or less in area, andthat remain within the cleaned surface area, shall be completely removed. Small pieces of intact paintthat are greater than 25 cm2 will be allowed to remain only if their perimeter(s) can be satisfactorilyfeathered back in accordance with this specification.

Special attention shall be given to the edges of beam flanges, angles and plates, bearings, rivets, theheads of nuts and bolts, and similar surfaces that are marginally accessible and difficult to clean. Thesesurfaces are often difficult to access, and are labor intensive and hard to clean. To remove heavydeposits of rust and scale, hand pounding using a hammer, or power tool cleaning using a needle gunor de-scaler may be necessary before abrasive blast cleaning work begins.

All fin, tears, slivers, burred and sharp edges that are present or occur during the blasting operation shallbe removed by grinding, and then the area shall be reblasted to provide the required 40 µm to 65 µmdeep anchor profile.

Throughout abrasive blast cleaning work, care shall be taken to protect newly painted surfaces from thecleaning operations. Tarps, covers, or other devices approved by the Engineer shall be used to protectnew paint from damage. Damaged paint shall be thoroughly wire brushed or if visible damage occurs,reblasted to the required condition, and then repainted. All repair to damaged paint surfaces shall beapproved by the Engineer.

After cleaning operations are completed, all residue generated by the cleaning work shall be removedby vacuuming using HEPA filtered vacuums. A HEPA filter shall be defined as a filter that is at least99.97% efficient for particles that are 0.3 µm in diameter, or larger.

Corroded and deteriorated surfaces that have been cleaned to bare metal by abrasive blasting shall beaccepted by visual comparison to a project prepared standard(s) for each structure. The contractor shallprepare a project standard by abrasive blast cleaning a representative area on the structure that is beingprepared for painting. The prepared standard shall generally conform to SSPC VIS 1-89, "VisualStandard For Abrasive Blast Cleaned Steel," Pictorial Standard B SP 6, C SP 6, and D SP 6, asapplicable, and shall be approved by the Engineer before the start of general cleaning work. At leastone standard shall be prepared for each structure that is being specified for cleaning. More than onestandard may be necessary if the cleaned steel differs significantly from the photographic standards dueto surface conditions or other factors. Each standard shall be at least 300 mm x 300 mm in size, andshall be located in an area of the structure that is accessible to, and approved by the Engineer. Thecontractor shall protect the work standard from corrosion and contamination throughout the duration ofwork by applying a clear coat of polyurethane. At the completion of cleaning work the project standardshall be recleaned and painted in accordance with this specification. If in the opinion of the Engineerthe project standard becomes deteriorated, or otherwise ineffective, it shall be re-established inaccordance with this specification at no additional cost.


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 5 of 8

2. Painting. Painting shall consist of striping, spot-priming all surfaces cleaned to bare metal, and then applyingtwo full coats of paint, the intermediate coat and the finish coat, to all steel surfaces designated for painting.


b. Specifications and Inspection Equipment. Prior to the start of and throughout the duration of work thecontractor shall supply the Engineer with the following specifications and equipment.. No work shallbegin until these materials have been delivered to, and accepted by the Engineer.

1. One bound copy of the Steel Structures Painting Council surface preparationspecification, SSPC-SP 6 - Commercial Blast Cleaning.

2. One bound copy of the Steel Structures Painting Council pictorial standards, SSPC-VIS1-89, Visual Standard For Abrasive Blast Cleaned Steel.

3. One bound copy of the Steel Structures Painting Council method SSPC-PA2, PaintApplication Specification No. 2 - Measurement of Dry Film Thickness With MagneticGages.



6. One Magnetic Dry Film Thickness Gage, Type 2 (fixed probe), with a digital readoutdisplay capable of measuring 0 µm to 1500 µm in 1 µm increments..

7. Two Wet Film Thickness Gages, Prong Type, capable of measuring 25 µm to 125 µmin 25 µm increments.

c. Atmospheric Conditions. No paint shall be applied when the receiving surface and ambienttemperatures are less than 1.5°C or greater than 38°C, but there will be no restriction for humidity orfor dew point-temperature differential.

In general, no paint shall be applied in the months of December, January, February, or March. If thecontractor requests approval to apply paint in winter months, and if in the Engineer's opinion satisfactoryresults can be achieved, then the substrate shall be enclosed, painted under cover, and protected fromthe surrounding air. The interior of the enclosure shall be heated and the steel painted when the surfacetemperature is 10°C, or greater. Direct application of heat to the steel surface will not be allowed. The


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 6 of 8

painted steel shall remain enclosed and heated for a minimum of eight hours, or until the applied coatingis dry, whichever is longer. No additional payment will be made for the cost of enclosing, heating, andprotecting paint that has been applied in conditions of cool weather.

When painting inside an enclosure adequate mechanical ventilation shall be supplied to meet OSHAregulations for worker exposure to solvents, fumes, lead, and other provisions. When mechanicalventilation is provided, filtration of the exit air will not be required. No additional payment will be madefor the cost of ventilation.



Thinning shall be performed by pouring one-half of the thoroughly mixed paint into a empty, cleancontainer. The required thinner is then added to one of the half-sized portions, and the two portions areremixed to obtain a homogenous mixture.

The paints specified for this work have a limited pot life because of their reaction with the moisture inthe atmosphere. The paint will gel when it nears the end of its pot life. Thinning to reduce the viscosityof gelled paint will not be allowed. The pot life of the paint can be extended by covering opencontainers to reduce exposure to moisture, and by keeping containers of paint cool.

Unauthorized use of solvents and thinners shall result in recleaning and repainting of the surface inaccordance with this specification, at the contractor's expense.

f. Paint Application. No painting shall begin until cleaned surfaces have been inspected and approvedby the Engineer. The contractor shall provide safe, stable, and direct access to the work area for theEngineer's inspection.

Paint may be applied using brush, roller or spray methods, unless spray painting is prohibited by theContract Documents. When spray painting is prohibited, paint shall be applied using brushes orrollers only. All paint shall be applied so as to produce a uniform, even coating free of runs, sags,drips, ridges or other defects.

To ensure adequate paint film thickness, stripe painting using primer shall be required on thefollowing surfaces, whether cleaned to bare metal or coated with existing paint: all welds, rivets,bolts, nuts, and edges of plates, angles, bearings, lattice pieces or other shapes, and corners andcrevices. To provide contrast, primer paint for stripe coating shall be a color that is different from the


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 7 of 8

color of the receiving surface. On areas cleaned to bare metal, the stripe coat may be applied beforeor after touch-up primer is applied. On surfaces with existing paint the stripe coat shall be appliedbefore the first full coat of intermediate paint is applied. Such striping shall extend a minimum of 25mm from the edge. To prevent removal of the stripe paint by the following coat of paint, the stripecoat shall be allowed to set-to-touch before the next paint coat is applied. However, on bare metalsurfaces the stripe coat shall not be permitted to dry for a period long enough to allow rusting of theunprimed steel, and on existing paint surfaces, the stripe coat shall not be allowed to dry longer than14 days before overcoating with the intermediate coat.

Paint that curls or lifts after application of new paint shall be removed by hand scraping and the areashall be repainted. Wet paint shall be protected against damage until thoroughly dry.

Complete protection against paint spatter, spillage, overspray, wind blown paint, or similar releasesof paint shall be provided. Covers, tarps, mesh, and similar materials shall be placed around the workarea to protect public and private property, pedestrian, vehicular, marine or other traffic, all portionsof the bridge, highway appurtenances, waterways, and similar surrounding areas and property, upon,beneath, or adjacent to the structure.

g. Paint Film Thickness. Paint shall be applied in such a quantity so as to produce the minimumspecified dry film thickness for the type of paint material being used (see Approved List - Moisture-Curing Urethane Paint Systems).



h. Painting Schedule. Primer shall be applied to bare metal surfaces within twelve hours of the cleaningoperation and before visible rust appears on the cleaned surface. Failure to apply primer to a baremetal surface within twelve hours or before the appearance of visible rust shall result in recleaningthe surface in accordance with this specification, at no additional cost.

All coats of paint shall be overcoated with the subsequent coat in accordance with the time periodspecified for the paint material that is being used (see Approved List - Moisture-Curing UrethanePaint Systems). To prevent intercoat adhesion failure, recoating with the next coat of primer,intermediate, and finish paint, must be performed within the maximum specified time period, or 14days, whichever is shorter. If the contractor fails to recoat within the specified time period the surface


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 8 of 8

to be painted shall be recleaned by abrasive blast cleaning to bare metal, and repainted in accordancewith this specification, at the contractors expense.



BASIS OF PAYMENT

The lump sum price bid shall include the cost of all labor, materials and equipment necessary to complete the work.The cost of providing protection against damage during pressure washing and paint application shall be included inthe bid price. Payment for the containment and disposal of dust and paint waste generated by surface preparation workwill be paid for under other items, however, payment for the accumulation of paint removal waste for deposition inthe paint containers shall be included in this item. Progress payments will be made based on the percentage of thestructure cleaned and primed and painted with two full coats of paint in accordance with this specification.



18573.1012 nn M Field Cleaning and Overcoating -SSPC-SP6


18573.1013 nn M Field Cleaning and Overcoating -SSPC-SP6 (Spray Prohibited)



ITEM 18573.1014 M FIELD CLEANING AND PAINTING - TOTAL REMOVALITEM 18573.1015 M FIELD CLEANING AND PAINTING - TOTAL REMOVAL

(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 1 of 8

DESCRIPTION

This work shall consist of pressure washing, abrasive blast cleaning to remove all paint, rust, millscale, and othercorrosion producing contaminants, and painting structural steel surfaces with three (3) full coats of new paint, whereindicated by the Contract Documents.

MATERIALS

1. Paint and Thinner. Paint and thinner shall be selected from the Department's Approved List, "Moisture-CuringUrethane Paint Systems". No substitutions will be allowed.

The shelf life of all paint shall be a maximum of 12 months from the date of manufacture. All acceptances ofpaint shall expire within 12 months from the date of manufacture.


Each single coat of paint shall be a color different from the others. The color of the primer and the intermediatepaints shall be at the Contractor's option, and shall provide contrast with the underlying substrate. The color ofthe finish paint shall be as specified in the Contract Documents, or as ordered by the Engineer.


3. Abrasive for Blast Cleaning. Abrasive material for blast cleaning may be selected by the contractor. Allabrasive shall be free of lead and corrosion producing contaminants. The abrasive selected for use shall bedesigned to leave a profile of approximately 40 µm to 65 µm in a dense, uniform pattern of depressions andridges. Silica sand and other types of non-metallic abrasive containing more than 1.0% crystalline (free) silica,by weight, will not be allowed.

4. Basis of Acceptance. All primer, intermediate, and finish paint, and thinner material, shall be accepted on thebasis of the manufacturer's name, and the product name, appearing on the Department's Approved List.

Water for washing and abrasive material for blast cleaning shall be approved by the Engineer.


Containers of paint shall be labeled with the manufacturer's name, product name, batch number, and date ofmanufacture. Paint that has not been used within 12 months from the date of manufacture shall be removed fromthe work site.


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

1Note: The containment for pressure washing is intended to capture solid paint chips and other solid debris that may become dislodgedform washing operations. The containment may be constructed of water permeable or water impermeable materials. Spent washwater willnot require collection and will be allowed to fall to the underlying road, ground, or waterway, providing the other requirements of thisspecification are met. The exception for the collection of spent washwater will be for structures over a public water supply. When a bridgecrosses a public water supply the spent washwater must be diverted, or collected, and disposed of on the adjoining land mass, at a locationaway from the waters edge.

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 2 of 8


All structural steel members, railings, downspouts, and other miscellaneous steel items as indicated by the ContractDocuments shall be cleaned of all paint, rust, millscale, and corrosion producing products and then painted with three(3) full coats of new paint, the primer coat, the intermediate coat, and the finish coat.

1. Surface Preparation. Steel surfaces shall be prepared for painting by a combination of pressure washing andabrasive blast cleaning.

Pressure washing to remove dirt and debris shall be performed first. Abrasive blast cleaning to remove allpaint, rust, and millscale shall be performed second.

a. Pressure Washing. All steel surfaces to be painted shall first be pressure washed, using equipmentoperating at a minimum pressure of 21.5 MPa, and with a minimum flow of 9.5 L/minute. Thepressure washer shall be operated at a distance of 150 mm to 300 mm from the steel surface. Watermay be heated. After washing, the surface shall be allowed to dry before subsequent abrasive blastcleaning work is done.

Pressure washing shall be performed to remove dirt, dust, animal waste, and water solublecontaminants. Clean, fresh water shall be used with sufficient pressure to remove surfacecontaminants and loose material. Hand scraping and hand scrubbing with a stiff bristled brush willbe required as necessary to remove debris. When necessary, oil and grease shall be removed by hand-wiping, using solvents.


Pressure washing will only be allowed when ambient air temperatures are greater than 4.5°C andrising. In no case shall pressure washing be performed when in the opinion of the Engineer spentwastewater will freeze on roadway or bridge surfaces, or in any other way create a hazardoussituation.

During washing operations, a containment shall be suspended around and beneath the work area tocontain all paint chips, corrosion residue, and other solid particles that become dislodged by pressurewashing (see Note1). All such solid residue shall be contained, collected, and allowed to air dry fortreatment and disposal as hazardous paint removal waste under Item 571.01 M, as directed by theEngineer. The containment provided shall also prevent all spray and residue from falling on or


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 3 of 8

interfering with traffic, pedestrians, or surrounding property, above or below the structure. Extreme careshall be exercised to ensure that vehicles, pedestrians, and property are not exposed to the cleaningprocess.

All structures over water courses shall be washed during the seasonal periods indicated in the ContractDocuments. If no schedule is provided, washing shall occur only when adequate flow in the streamexists to dilute possible contaminants. Operations shall be sequenced so as to clean structures oversmall bodies of water or small streams in the spring of the year, or in a period when flows are greatest.Streams categorized by the Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) as "CT(s)", i.e. troutspawning, shall be washed prior to July 1 and bridges located at DEC yearling trout stocking sitesshall not be washed during April. When washing operations are performed on bridges over a publicwater supply, e.g., reservoir, or on bridges in the watershed area of New York City water supply, thespent washwater shall be diverted, or collected, and disposed of on the adjoining land mass, at alocation away from the waters edge.

To minimize contamination of the washed surfaces, subsequent cleaning, priming and painting workshall be performed within 14 calendar days of the completion of washing work. If more than 14 dayspass by or if the steel surfaces become dirty, they shall be rewashed in accordance with thisspecification, at no additional cost.

b. Commercial Blast Cleaning

All surfaces shall have all paint, rust and rust scale, mill scale, and other corrosion producingcontaminants removed by abrasive blast cleaning to bare metal in accordance with SSPC-SP 6, No.6, Commercial Blast Cleaning.

The surface of the area blast cleaned in any one day shall be no greater than the surface area of steelthat can be prime coated in the same working day.

All equipment and compressors used in the cleaning operation shall be equipped with all necessaryfilters and traps to prevent moisture, oil, and other contaminants from being deposited on cleansurfaces.

If recyclable abrasive are used they shall be cleaned of all paint, chips, rust, millscale and otherforeign material after each use, and prior to reuse. All equipment used for cleaning abrasive shall bespecifically designed for this purpose, and approved by the Engineer.

Special attention shall be given to the edges of beam flanges, angles and plates, bearings, rivets, theheads of nuts and bolts, and similar surfaces that are marginally accessible and difficult to clean.These surfaces are often difficult to access, and are labor intensive and hard to clean. To removeheavy deposits of rust and scale, hand pounding using a hammer, or power tool cleaning using aneedle gun or de-scaler may be necessary before abrasive blast cleaning work begins.


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 4 of 8

All fin, tears, slivers, burred and sharp edges that are present or occur during the blasting operationshall be removed by grinding, and then the area shall be reblasted to provide the required 40 µm to65 µm deep anchor profile.

Throughout abrasive blast cleaning work, care shall be taken to protect newly painted surfaces fromthe cleaning operations. Tarps, covers, or other devices approved by the Engineer shall be used toprotect new paint from damage. Damaged paint shall be thoroughly wire brushed or if visible damageoccurs, reblasted to the required condition, and then repainted. All repair to damaged paint surfacesshall be approved by the Engineer.

After cleaning operations are completed, all residue generated by the cleaning work shall be removedby vacuuming using HEPA filtered vacuums. A HEPA filter shall be defined as a filter that is at least99.97% efficient for particles that are 0.3 µm in diameter, or larger.

Corroded and deteriorated surfaces that have been cleaned to bare metal by abrasive blasting shallbe accepted by visual comparison to a project prepared standard(s) for each structure. The contractorshall prepare a project standard by abrasive blast cleaning a representative area on the structure thatis being prepared for painting. The prepared standard shall generally conform to SSPC VIS 1-89,"Visual Standard For Abrasive Blast Cleaned Steel," Pictorial Standard B SP 6, C SP 6, and D SP 6,as applicable, and shall be approved by the Engineer before the start of general cleaning work. Atleast one standard shall be prepared for each structure that is being specified for cleaning. More thanone standard may be necessary if the cleaned steel differs significantly from the photographicstandards due to surface conditions or other factors. Each standard shall be at least 300 mm x 300 mmin size, and shall be located in an area of the structure that is accessible to, and approved by theEngineer. The contractor shall protect the work standard from corrosion and contaminationthroughout the duration of work by applying a clear coat of polyurethane. At the completion ofcleaning work the project standard shall be recleaned and painted in accordance with thisspecification. If in the opinion of the Engineer the project standard becomes deteriorated, or otherwiseineffective, it shall be re-established in accordance with this specification at no additional cost.

2. Painting. Painting shall consist of striping and then applying three full coats of new paint to all surfacescleaned to bare metal. The first full coat shall be primer, followed by the application of a full coat ofintermediate paint, and a full coat of finish paint, to all steel surfaces designated to be painted.



(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 5 of 8

b. Specifications and Inspection Equipment. Prior to the start of and throughout the duration of workthe contractor shall supply the Engineer with the following specifications and equipment.. No workshall begin until these materials have been delivered to, and accepted by the Engineer.

1. One bound copy of the Steel Structures Painting Council surface preparationspecification, SSPC-SP 6 - Commercial Blast Cleaning.

2. One bound each of the Steel Structures Painting Council pictorial standards, SSPC-VIS 1-89, Visual Standard For Abrasive Blast Cleaned Steel.

3. One bound copy of the Steel Structures Painting Council method SSPC-PA2, PaintApplication Specification No. 2 - Measurement of Dry Film Thickness WithMagnetic Gages.



6. One Magnetic Dry Film Thickness Gage, Type 2 (fixed probe), with a digital readoutdisplay capable of measuring 1 µm to 1500 µm in 1 µm increments.

7. Two Wet Film Thickness Gages, Prong Type, capable of measuring 25 µm to 125µm in 25 µm increments.

c. Atmospheric Conditions. No paint shall be applied when the receiving surface and ambienttemperatures are less than 1.5°C or greater than 38°C. No paint shall be applied unless the receivingsurface is absolutely dry, but there will be no restriction for humidity or dew point - temperaturedifferential..

In general, no paint shall be applied in the months of December, January, February, or March. If thecontractor requests approval to apply paint in winter months, and if in the Engineer's opinion satisfactoryresults can be achieved, then the substrate shall be enclosed, painted under cover, and protected fromthe surrounding air. The interior of the enclosure shall be heated and the steel painted when the surfacetemperature is 10°C or greater. Direct application of heat to the steel surface will not be allowed. Thepainted steel shall remain enclosed and heated for a minimum of eight hours, or until the applied coatingis dry, whichever is longer. No additional payment will be made for the cost of enclosing, heating andprotecting paint that has been applied in conditions of cool weather.

When painting inside an enclosure adequate mechanical ventilation shall be supplied to meet OSHAregulations for worker exposure to solvents, fumes, lead and other provisions. When mechanical


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 6 of 8

ventilation is provided, filtration of the exit air will not be required. No additional payment will be madefor the cost of ventilation.



Thinning shall be performed by pouring one-half of the thoroughly mixed paint into a empty, cleancontainer. The required thinner is then added to one of the half-size portions, and the two portions areremixed to obtain a homogenous mixture.

The paints specified for this work have a limited pot life because of their reaction with the moisture inthe atmosphere. The paint will gel when it nears the end of its pot life. Thinning to reduce the viscosityof gelled paint will not be allowed. The pot life of this paint can be extended by covering opencontainers to reduce exposure to moisture, and by keeping containers of paint cool.

Unauthorized use of solvents and thinners shall result in recleaning and repainting of the surface inaccordance with this specification, at the contractors expense.

f. Paint Application. No painting shall begin until cleaned surfaces have been inspected and approved bythe Engineer. The contractor shall provide safe, stable, and direct access to the work area for theEngineer's inspection.

Paint may be applied using brush, roller or spray methods, unless spray painting is prohibited by theContract Documents. When spray painting is prohibited, paint shall be applied using brushes or rollersonly. All paint shall be applied so as to produce a uniform, even coating free of runs, sags, drips, ridgesor other defects.

To ensure adequate paint film thickness, stripe painting using primer shall be required on the followingsurfaces: all welds, rivets, bolts, nuts, and edges of plates, angles, bearings, lattice pieces or othershapes, and corners and crevices. To provide contrast, paint for stripe coating shall be a color that isdifferent than the color of the receiving surface. The stripe coat may be applied before or after the firstfull coat of primer is applied. Such striping shall extend a minimum of 25 mm from the edge. Toprevent removal of the stripe paint by the following coat of paint, the stripe coat shall be allowed to set-to-touch before the next paint coat is applied. However, on bare metal surfaces the stripe coat shall notbe permitted to dry for a period long enough to allow rusting of the unprimed steel.


(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 7 of 8

Complete protection against paint spatter, spillage, overspray, wind blown paint, or similar releases ofpaint shall be provided. Covers, tarps, mesh, and similar materials shall be placed around the work area to protect public and private property, pedestrian, vehicular, marine or other traffic, all portions of the bridge, highway appurtenances, waterways, and similar surroundingareas and property, upon, beneath, or adjacent to the structure.

g. Paint Film Thickness. Paint shall be applied in such a quantity so as to produce the minimum specifieddry film thickness for the type of paint material being used (see Approved List - Moisture-CuringUrethane Paint Systems).



h. Painting Schedule. Primer shall be applied to bare metal surfaces within twelve hours of the cleaningoperation and before visible rust appears on the cleaned surface. Failure to apply primer to a bare metalsurface within twelve hours or before the appearance of visible rust shall result in recleaning the surfacein accordance with this specification, at no additional cost.

All coats of paint shall be overcoated with the subsequent coat in accordance with the time periodspecified for the paint material that is being used (see Approved List - Moisture-Curing Urethane PaintSystems). To prevent intercoat adhesion failure, recoating with the next coat of primer, intermediate,and finish paint, must be performed within the maximum specified time period, or 14 days, whicheveris shorter. If the contractor fails to recoat within the specified time period the surface to be painted shallbe recleaned by abrasive blast cleaning to bare metal, and repainted in accordance with thisspecification, at the contractors expense.




(SPRAY PROHIBITED)

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 8 of 8

BASIS OF PAYMENT

The lump sum price bid shall include the cost of all labor, materials and equipment necessary to complete the work. Thecost of providing protection against damage during pressure washing and paint application shall be included in the bidprice. Payment for the containment and disposal of dust and paint waste generated by surface preparation work will bepaid for under other items, however, payment for the accumulation of paint removal waste for deposition in the paintremoval containers shall be included in this item. Progress payments will be made based on the percentage of thestructure cleaned and primed and painted with two full coats of paint in accordance with this specification.



18573.1014 nn M Field Cleaning and Painting -Total Removal


18573.1015 nn M Field Cleaning and Painting -Total Removal (SprayProhibited)



ITEM 18574,1010 M CLASS B CONTAINMENT SYSTEM

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 1 of 4

DESCRIPTION

This work shall consist of furnishing and installing a containment enclosure around the immediate work areato contain and collect debris generated during paint removal operations using vacuum shrouded power tools,vacuum blasters, and hand tools. This containment system is not effective, nor can it be used to contain paintwaste and dust generated by open abrasive blast cleaning operations.

The containment enclosure provided shall generally be constructed of tarpaulins, covers, and other flexiblematerials. All seams in containment materials and all joints between the containment enclosure and the bridgeshall be sealed by overlapping. Entry into the work area may be made through an overlapped seam in thecontainment enclosure. Ventilation inside the enclosure may be by natural means. Air filtration of exit air isnot required. However, it may be necessary to provide ventilation to meet OSHA requirements.

Reference information on containment enclosures can be obtained from the following:

1. SSPC - Guide 6I (CON), Guide for Containing Debris Generated During Paint RemovalOperations, Steel Structures Painting Council, Pittsburgh PA.

2. SSPC - Steel Structures Painting Manual, Volume 1, Steel Structures Painting Council,Pittsburgh, PA.

3. Industrial Lead Paint Removal Handbook, by Kenneth A. Trimber, SSPC Publication 91-18,Steel Structures Painting Council, Pittsburgh, PA.

MATERIALS

Materials and equipment as described in Construction Details shall be selected by the contractor and approvedby the Engineer prior to use.


Rigid or flexible materials may be used to construct the containment enclosure. Rigid materials shall beimpermeable and shall be comprised of plywood panels, or panels of steel, aluminum, or reinforced fiberglass.

Flexible materials shall be fire retardant. Flexible materials for walls and ceilings may be permeable.Permeable materials that are formed or woven of an open mesh construction to allow air flow shall be designedor rated to a minimum screen retention capacity of 85%. Screen retention capacity shall mean the amount oflight transmittance through the screen (opacity) due to the mesh size of the opening.

Flexible covers for flooring shall be impermeable and will only be allowed if the ground and paved surfacesare smooth surfaces from which debris can be collected by vacuuming. If a smooth ground surface is notavailable, rigid materials shall be used for the floor of the enclosure.


L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 2 of 4

A support structure providing little or no support beyond that necessary to affix containment materials maybe used as a framework for the enclosure. All mating surfaces between the bridge structure and thecontainment enclosure, and all joints and seams formed in the fabrication of the enclosure, shall be sealed byoverlapping materials. Entry into the work area shall be through an overlapped seam in the containmentmaterials.

Light intensity by natural or artificial means inside the containment enclosure shall be maintained at aminimum of 535 lux on the steel surface. Auxiliary lighting shall be provided as necessary. The contractorshall provide the Engineer with one portable light meter with a scale of 0 to 535 lux. This meter will bereturned to the contractor at the completion of work. All paint removal work shall be performed inside the containment enclosure. Care shall be taken to preventemissions (releases) of waste materials when cleaning and paint removal work is being performed near jointsthat are formed between the enclosure and the bridge structure, and near seams in the enclosure materials.

The contractor shall make every attempt to limit workers from entering or exiting the containment enclosurewhen cleaning and paint removal operations are being performed.

Following paint removal work, all steel surfaces inside containment shall be vacuumed of debris. All wastematerial that results from paint removal operations shall be cleaned up and collected from the floor, walls, andother surfaces inside of the containment enclosure by vacuuming. Sweeping, shoveling, or other mechanicalmeans to remove the waste materials will not be allowed. Clean up operations shall be performed daily, beforenew paint is applied, or before a prolonged work stoppage, such as for weather interruptions.

Prior to disassembly or moving of the containment enclosure, the inside surfaces of the enclosure (walls, floors,ceiling, etc.) shall be cleaned of dust and other spent material by vacuuming. The contractor shall take allmeasures necessary to prevent the release of waste material during moving or removal of the containment.

Any waste material that is released outside the containment enclosure shall be immediately cleaned up usingvacuums. Care shall be taken on pavement or other surfaces to collect all waste material so as to prevent it frombeing redistributed into the air and environment by traffic.

All vacuum equipment that is used for collection and clean up work shall be equipped with high efficiencyparticulate air (HEPA) filters. A HEPA filter shall be defined as a filter that is at least 99.97% efficient againstparticles that are 0.3 µm in diameter, or larger.

The effectiveness of the containment enclosure shall be determined by the Engineer by visual inspection fordust plumes or other visible evidence of emissions (releases) of waste materials into the environment.Throughout the duration of work there shall be no visible discharges. If there is a visible discharge thecontractor shall immediately stop work and perform necessary repairs to the containment enclosure ormodifications to cleaning operations to the Engineer's satisfaction.


L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 3 of 4

The Engineer may direct the contractor to stop all work activities and require the contractor to immediatelyclean up all waste materials within the enclosure when in the Engineer's opinion, threatening weatherconditions exist. This measure may be exercised when an apparent threat exists that could cause the releaseof waste material to the surrounding environment, such as high winds or heavy rain.

If the wind velocity causes the containment enclosure to billow, or to emit dust, or to otherwise be a hazardin the opinion of the Engineer, the contractor shall immediately cease work and clean up all the debris. Undersevere conditions the contractor shall disassemble the containment enclosure.

Ventilation inside the enclosure is not specifically required, and may be by natural means. However, it maybe necessary to provide mechanical ventilation to meet OSHA requirements for worker exposure to lead andother provisions. If mechanical ventilation is provided to address these requirements, filtration of exit air isnot required.


Payment shall be made at the lump sum price bid.

BASIS OF PAYMENT

The lump sum price bid shall include the cost for all labor, materials and equipment necessary to complete thework. The cost of dismantling and moving the enclosure to new locations on the same structure as paintremoval operations progress, and of removing the enclosure when paint removal operations are completed shallbe included.

Progress payments will be made based upon the number of estimated work days required to complete all ofthe cleaning and paint removal work.

Prior to the beginning of any work, the Contractor shall supply the Engineer with an initial estimate of workdays required to complete all of the cleaning and paint removal work. This initial estimate will not beconsidered final. The Engineer may request a revised estimate at any time during the progress of the work.

The Engineer will determine a daily rate of payment using the lump sum price bid, distributed over the estimateof work days. The daily rate will be used to authorize payment in accordance with §102-17, Article 7.

Should the Engineer request a revised estimate and use that estimate to establish a new daily rate, the lump sumbid price shall be reduced by the total of the amounts previously authorized for payment, prior to theestablishment of the new daily rate. Failure on the part of the Contractor to supply a revised estimate whenrequested, will be cause for the progress payment procedure to be immediately terminated.

Progress payments for this work will be made only for days during which abrasive blast cleaning and paintremoval work is actually performed.


L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 4 of 4


Item No. Item Pay Unit18574.1010 nn M Class B Containment Lump Sum

System (for each Structure)

NOTE: nn denotes serialized pay item. See §101-53.

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 1 of 1

BRIDGE MAINTENANCE PAINTING POLICY

Make the following changes to the Standard Specifications of January 2, 1995, Section 571 - Treatmentand Disposal of Paint Removal Waste.

1. Page 5-123. Add the following subsection after line 39:

“571-1.06 Bridge Washing Waste. For the purposes of this item, bridge washing waste isdefined as paint chips and any organic or inorganic materials dislodged from bridge surfaces bybridge washing operations. The paint chips are known to contain lead, the combined wastestream may therefore be hazardous waste. The Department has presumed that the waste will testas hazardous. Bridge washing waste shall be kept segregated from bridge paint removal wasteand shall be placed in containers or rolloffs with additional labeling identifying it as “BridgeWashing Waste.”

2. Page 5-125. Revise line 16 to read as follows:

“571-3.06 Waste Stabilization. For purposes of this item, treatment of paint removal andwashing....”

3. Page 5-125. Add the following subsection after line 20:

“571-3.07 Bridge Washing Waste Composition. The contractor is responsible for ensuringthat only dried bridge washing waste is deposited into the containers or rolloffs. The contractoris warned that the bridge washing waste may contain more that 2% organic content. A typicalwaste composition profile is not available. All testing of the waste necessary to satisfy therequirements of the Disposal Facility or Transporter shall be the responsibility of the contractor.”

L 04/23/98EI 97-029 Page 1 of 1

BRIDGE MAINTENANCE PAINTING POLICY

SPECIAL NOTE

BRIDGE WASHING WASTE

The solid waste material generated by the pressure washing operation may contain more than 2%, by weight, oforganic material. The contractor is alerted to the need to carefully inspect the structure prior to bidding for theexistence of organic matter such as sand, paper, bird nests, animal droppings, other trash and debris, and looserust and paint. While treatment and disposal of this waste is covered under Item 571.01nnnn M, Treatment andDisposal of Paint Removal Waste, the material must be stored in separate containers from the paint waste, andmarked as “Bridge Washing Waste.” Requirements are provided in Section 571 of the Standard Specifications,as revised in this contract.

BRIDGE MAINTENANCE PAINTING POLICY

Documents

Transcript of BRIDGE MAINTENANCE PAINTING POLICY