Breeders Perspective on Approach amp Application under Climate Change

Case study breeding durum wheat for climate change in the Mediterranean region

Miloudi Nachit1 Jihane Motawaj1 Zakaria Kehel1 Dimah Habash2

1 ICARDA PO Box 5466 Aleppo Syria2 Plant Science Department Rothamsted Research Harpenden UK

ICARDA

Outlinendash Importance of CC in the Med region

ndash Breeding to adapt to CC (case durum)

bull Breeding for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance

bull Selection under varying water regimes amp T extremes

bull Use of landraces amp wild relatives to improve Biomass yield resistance to stresses

bull Combining yield potential with abiotic and biotic stresses

bull Dryland agronomy (SI amp rotations with legume crops)

bull Genomics

bull Remarks

ICARDA

Climate change in the Mediterranean basin

bull Annual precipitation likely to decrease by 4ndash27bull Frequency and duration of drought and heat

waves likely to increase

Mediterranean basin will become hotter drier amp more variable over the next century

(IPCC 2007 Bates et al 2008)

ICARDA

Outlinendash Importance of CC in the Med region

ndash Breeding to adapt to CC (case durum)

bull Breeding for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance

bull Selection under varying water regimes amp T extremes

bull Use of landraces amp wild relatives to improve Biomass yield resistance to stresses

bull Combining yield potential with abiotic and biotic stresses

bull Dryland agronomy (SI amp rotations with legume crops)

bull Genomics

bull Remarks

ICARDA

Climate change in the Mediterranean basin

bull Annual precipitation likely to decrease by 4ndash27bull Frequency and duration of drought and heat

waves likely to increase

Mediterranean basin will become hotter drier amp more variable over the next century

(IPCC 2007 Bates et al 2008)

ICARDA

Climate change in the Mediterranean basin

bull Annual precipitation likely to decrease by 4ndash27bull Frequency and duration of drought and heat

waves likely to increase

Mediterranean basin will become hotter drier amp more variable over the next century

(IPCC 2007 Bates et al 2008)

ICARDA

Durum growing areas are projected to become drier hotter amp variable

1 Crop duration shortened by almost one month since 1970 in some areas in the region

2 Warmer and drier winters induced the effect of some diseases andinsects

ndash Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (tan spot)

ndash Septoria tritici

ndash Root diseases (culmorum graminearum Helminthosporiumsativum)

ndash Mayetiola destructor (Hessian fly)

CC affecting crop duration amp exacerbating biotic stresses linked to mildwarm winters

ICARDA

Biotic stresses linked with Climate Change are also now major constraints in Europe

Septoria triticiHessian flyTan spot RR etc

ICARDA

Environmental similarities in the Med region

-225

-200

-175

-150

-125

-100

-75

-50

-25

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007363 mm

Annual fluctuations of precipitation over the mean at Tel Hadya (ICARDA main research station)

Effects of biotic stresses associated with global warming on durum grain yield

01000200030004000

5000600070008000

Grain yield

Kg

ha

Hessian f ly susceptible

Hessian f ly resisatnt

Dryland root susceptibe

Dryland root resistant

Septoria tritici susceptibe

Septoria tritici resistant

ICARDA

Strategy to breed drought tolerant durum genotypes at ICARDA

bull Germplasmndash Use of WANA Landraces in the crossing particularly Haurani Hamari

Ahmar Kunduru Kyperounda and Jennah Khetifandash Use of Triticum wild relatives dicoccoides dicoccum araraticum

carthlicum monococcum urartu speltoides biuncialis

bull Testing environmentsndash Double gradient selection techniquendash Multilocation testing

bull Testing toolsndash Stress physiology morpho-physiologyphenolgy water status

photosynthesis spectral radiometry root system ndash Molecular markers mapping QTL gene expressionndash Biometrics spatial designs MVA clustering PCA AMMI

ICARDA

Durum Breeding selection environments - ICARDA

bull Sommer cycle1 Heat x Drought (TH Yield testing Seg PopsBS+ Advanced Lines) 2 Dryland Root Rots (Hotspot Hill planting Seg PopsB+ advanced Lines) 3 Stem RustBYDV (Terbol-EP Hill planting Seg PopsB+ Advanced Lines)4 Leaf Rust (Terbol-LP Hill planting Seg PopsB + Advanced Lines)5 Stem RustUG99 (Debre Zeit Seg Pops + Advanced Lines)

bull Winter cycle1 Drought (Breda ~1tha Yield testing + Seg PopsB WSSF)

2 Heat x Drought (LP ~1tha THYield testing )

3 Cold x Heat (Kfardan ~1tha Yield testing)

4 Rainfed (TH ~3tha Yield testing+ Seg PopsIP YR WSSF Sunni pest)

5 Rainfed (TH suppl-irr (+70mm) ~ 6tha Yield testing YR LR)

6 Cold (TerbolEP ~ 7tha Yield testing + Seg PopsB YR)

7 Yield Potential (Idlib Ghab Ibin ~ 8tha Yield testing YR ST)8 Septoria tritici (Lattakia Seg PopsB + advanced lines LRBYDV HF)9 Hessian fly (ICARDA Entomology JShaimMA seg pop+ Adv Lines)10 Under ZT (Marchouch ~ 5tha Seg PopsB + advanced lines)

11 Yield Potential-Full Irrig (Sids ~ 10tha Seg PopsB + advanced lines)

Selection in contrasting environments (Double Gradients Moisture amp Temperature)

Selection for heat tolerance

05

1015202530354045

15-12

704

22-28

704

297-

4804

5-118

0412

-188

0419

-258

0426

8-19

042-8

904

9-159

0416

-229

0423

-299

0430

9-61

0047-1

0100

4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Precipitation Evap Mintemp Avtemp Maxtemp

Physiology Screening techniques used in the ICARDAdurumbreeding program

1-Photosynthesis2-Leaf Rolling Index3-Chlorophyll content4-Carbon isotope discrimination ash content5-Osmotic Adjustment6-Relative water content7- Canopy temperature8- Porometer (Leaf temperature Relative Humidity Quantum yield stomatal resistance Transpiration Stomatal conductance )9-Fluorescence (F0 Fm Fv F0Fv= quenchingphoto-inhibition FvFm= photochemical efficiency Tfm)

12-Spectral Radiometry Chlorophyll content R550 Carotene content R675-680 Water Index WI Biomass (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) NDVI SR Ratio of WINDVI WINDVI Biomass (Simple Ratio) SR Photochemical Reflectance Index PRI Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll800 SIPI (senescence) Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll680 NPCI (senescence) Chlorophyll Degradation NPQI Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index SAVI________________________________________________________________________________________SR NDVI amp SAVI these indices are related to green biomassNPCI SIPI amp NPQI these indices are related to Chlorophyll losses carotenes chlorophyll ratio and senscences

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Distances

POTHY12

POTOS12

RWC12

AO12

ASS12

NETPHOT12

GS12

CICA12

FPSII

PSIIFVFM

QPHOTOS

QNPHOTOS

BRC13

CHLORF

NETPHOSRF

GSRF

CIRF

POTHYRPCT

BRGY

RWCRFFVFMRF

Waterosmotic potential nonphotochemical quenching chlorophyll conconcentration rate for intercelular ambiant CO2 concentration

Carbon isotopic discrimination soluble sugars concentration

stomata conductance net photosynthesis osmotic adjustmentphotochemical quenching photochemical efficiency relative

water content intercelular CO2 concentration GRAIN YIELD

PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS LINKED WITH YIELDUNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

ICARDA

Phenotyping parental material for drought tolerance

Grain yield (Kgha) across durum testing sites

02000400060008000

10000120001400016000

GY09LP

GY09Br

GY09RF

GY09IN

C GY09

KF GY09

EP GY09

TR GY09

EBN GY09

GH G

rain

yie

ld (K

gha

)

Mean grain yield Max grain yield

ICARDA

Mean and Maximum grain yields (kgha) of Lahn x Cham1 Mapping Population across sites x yerars in the Mediterranean Region

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

ICBR07ICBR06

MASEA07ICBR05TNRF0

6SYIZR07MAMR06

ICTH07

ICTH06

TNRF05ITARG07

SYIZ06

ITB007TNIR05ITCR05ITLR

C07 IC

TH05MATS07

TNRF07SYGB07

TNIR06SYGB06

TNIR07SYIDL07

ITBO06ITBO05

Mean (kgha)

Max (kgha)

Moderate drought

Severe drought

Favorable

Very favorable

Selection () for Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Durum x Wild Relatives Crosses

YR= Yellow rust ST= Septoria tritici WSSF= Wheat stem sawflyC= Cold D= Drought LR= leaf rust SR= stem rust H= Heat

Aegilo

ps Ssp

T m

onococc

um

T dico

ccoides

T dico

ccum

T cart

hlicum

T polonicu

m

T arar

aticu

m

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Winter Screening YR ST WSSF C DSummer Screening LR SR H BYDV

ICARDA

Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with TriticumTriticumTriticum wild relativeswild relativeswild relatives

bull Triticum dicoccoidesbull Triticum carthlicumbull T dicoccumbull T araraticumbull T urartubull T monococcumbull Aegilops

peregrinacylindros vavilovii biuncialis columnaris amp triuncialis

R e la t io n s h ip b e t w e e n G Y a n d t e m p e r a t u r e a t w h ic h P S I I u n d e r g o e s t h e r m a l

d e n a t u r a t io n

F a d d a 9 8

M a s s a r a -1

Y ie ld C h e n A l t a r 8 4 G i l 4 ( t h a - 1 ) S t j 4 S t j 2 6 1 -1 3 0 4 1 4 -4 4 C a k 7 9

T c ( deg C )

3 5

0

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

4 1 5 4 2 0 4 2 5 4 3 0 4 3 5 4 4 0 4 4 5 4 5 0

r = 0 5 3

ICARDA

Ability to penetrate Hardpan Soil by Durum Landraces Improved cultivars and Triticum dicoccoides

000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Belikh

-2Kunduru

Lahn

Cham1

Zenati

boutei

lleOmrab

i5Cam

adi abu

Jennah

Khetifa

T dico

ccoides

Korifla

Haurani

Number of roots penetrating through VaselineParaffin disc (mixture of 40 paraffin and 60 Vaseline)

5 cm

03 cm

10 cm

PV disc

6 cmNon-woven

fabric

ADYT09 Cross Name IC90SR IC90LR DZ90SR LP09GY over Korifla

312 Icajihan39 R R MR 1406 178

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1339 170

223 Icasyr-14AssassaWahaBrch3Bicrederaa1 R R R 1173 149

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1155 146

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1121 142

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan1 R R MR 1097 139

215 IcalmorH5-69 R R R 1094 139

719 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch R R R 1079 137

303 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm = Icajihan11 R MS R 1079 137

101 Mra-14Aus13ScarGdoVZ579Bit R R R 1070 136

814 Icasyr-1Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1049 133

319 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1046 133

901 Marsyr-3Murlagost-2 R R R 1036 131

415 QuarmalGbch-23Mrf2Normal HamariBcrLks4 R R R 1021 129

1005 Geruftel-2 R R MR 988 125

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 789 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 733 93

Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate

ICARDA

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

1 Crop duration shortened by almost one month since 1970 in some areas in the region

2 Warmer and drier winters induced the effect of some diseases andinsects

ndash Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (tan spot)

ndash Septoria tritici

ndash Root diseases (culmorum graminearum Helminthosporiumsativum)

ndash Mayetiola destructor (Hessian fly)

CC affecting crop duration amp exacerbating biotic stresses linked to mildwarm winters

ICARDA

Biotic stresses linked with Climate Change are also now major constraints in Europe

Septoria triticiHessian flyTan spot RR etc

ICARDA

Environmental similarities in the Med region

-225

-200

-175

-150

-125

-100

-75

-50

-25

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007363 mm

Annual fluctuations of precipitation over the mean at Tel Hadya (ICARDA main research station)

Effects of biotic stresses associated with global warming on durum grain yield

01000200030004000

5000600070008000

Grain yield

Kg

ha

Hessian f ly susceptible

Hessian f ly resisatnt

Dryland root susceptibe

Dryland root resistant

Septoria tritici susceptibe

Septoria tritici resistant

ICARDA

Strategy to breed drought tolerant durum genotypes at ICARDA

bull Germplasmndash Use of WANA Landraces in the crossing particularly Haurani Hamari

Ahmar Kunduru Kyperounda and Jennah Khetifandash Use of Triticum wild relatives dicoccoides dicoccum araraticum

carthlicum monococcum urartu speltoides biuncialis

bull Testing environmentsndash Double gradient selection techniquendash Multilocation testing

bull Testing toolsndash Stress physiology morpho-physiologyphenolgy water status

photosynthesis spectral radiometry root system ndash Molecular markers mapping QTL gene expressionndash Biometrics spatial designs MVA clustering PCA AMMI

ICARDA

Durum Breeding selection environments - ICARDA

bull Sommer cycle1 Heat x Drought (TH Yield testing Seg PopsBS+ Advanced Lines) 2 Dryland Root Rots (Hotspot Hill planting Seg PopsB+ advanced Lines) 3 Stem RustBYDV (Terbol-EP Hill planting Seg PopsB+ Advanced Lines)4 Leaf Rust (Terbol-LP Hill planting Seg PopsB + Advanced Lines)5 Stem RustUG99 (Debre Zeit Seg Pops + Advanced Lines)

bull Winter cycle1 Drought (Breda ~1tha Yield testing + Seg PopsB WSSF)

2 Heat x Drought (LP ~1tha THYield testing )

3 Cold x Heat (Kfardan ~1tha Yield testing)

4 Rainfed (TH ~3tha Yield testing+ Seg PopsIP YR WSSF Sunni pest)

5 Rainfed (TH suppl-irr (+70mm) ~ 6tha Yield testing YR LR)

6 Cold (TerbolEP ~ 7tha Yield testing + Seg PopsB YR)

7 Yield Potential (Idlib Ghab Ibin ~ 8tha Yield testing YR ST)8 Septoria tritici (Lattakia Seg PopsB + advanced lines LRBYDV HF)9 Hessian fly (ICARDA Entomology JShaimMA seg pop+ Adv Lines)10 Under ZT (Marchouch ~ 5tha Seg PopsB + advanced lines)

11 Yield Potential-Full Irrig (Sids ~ 10tha Seg PopsB + advanced lines)

Selection in contrasting environments (Double Gradients Moisture amp Temperature)

Selection for heat tolerance

05

1015202530354045

15-12

704

22-28

704

297-

4804

5-118

0412

-188

0419

-258

0426

8-19

042-8

904

9-159

0416

-229

0423

-299

0430

9-61

0047-1

0100

4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Precipitation Evap Mintemp Avtemp Maxtemp

Physiology Screening techniques used in the ICARDAdurumbreeding program

1-Photosynthesis2-Leaf Rolling Index3-Chlorophyll content4-Carbon isotope discrimination ash content5-Osmotic Adjustment6-Relative water content7- Canopy temperature8- Porometer (Leaf temperature Relative Humidity Quantum yield stomatal resistance Transpiration Stomatal conductance )9-Fluorescence (F0 Fm Fv F0Fv= quenchingphoto-inhibition FvFm= photochemical efficiency Tfm)

12-Spectral Radiometry Chlorophyll content R550 Carotene content R675-680 Water Index WI Biomass (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) NDVI SR Ratio of WINDVI WINDVI Biomass (Simple Ratio) SR Photochemical Reflectance Index PRI Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll800 SIPI (senescence) Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll680 NPCI (senescence) Chlorophyll Degradation NPQI Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index SAVI________________________________________________________________________________________SR NDVI amp SAVI these indices are related to green biomassNPCI SIPI amp NPQI these indices are related to Chlorophyll losses carotenes chlorophyll ratio and senscences

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Distances

POTHY12

POTOS12

RWC12

AO12

ASS12

NETPHOT12

GS12

CICA12

FPSII

PSIIFVFM

QPHOTOS

QNPHOTOS

BRC13

CHLORF

NETPHOSRF

GSRF

CIRF

POTHYRPCT

BRGY

RWCRFFVFMRF

Waterosmotic potential nonphotochemical quenching chlorophyll conconcentration rate for intercelular ambiant CO2 concentration

Carbon isotopic discrimination soluble sugars concentration

stomata conductance net photosynthesis osmotic adjustmentphotochemical quenching photochemical efficiency relative

water content intercelular CO2 concentration GRAIN YIELD

PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS LINKED WITH YIELDUNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

ICARDA

Phenotyping parental material for drought tolerance

Grain yield (Kgha) across durum testing sites

02000400060008000

10000120001400016000

GY09LP

GY09Br

GY09RF

GY09IN

C GY09

KF GY09

EP GY09

TR GY09

EBN GY09

GH G

rain

yie

ld (K

gha

)

Mean grain yield Max grain yield

ICARDA

Mean and Maximum grain yields (kgha) of Lahn x Cham1 Mapping Population across sites x yerars in the Mediterranean Region

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

ICBR07ICBR06

MASEA07ICBR05TNRF0

6SYIZR07MAMR06

ICTH07

ICTH06

TNRF05ITARG07

SYIZ06

ITB007TNIR05ITCR05ITLR

C07 IC

TH05MATS07

TNRF07SYGB07

TNIR06SYGB06

TNIR07SYIDL07

ITBO06ITBO05

Mean (kgha)

Max (kgha)

Moderate drought

Severe drought

Favorable

Very favorable

Selection () for Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Durum x Wild Relatives Crosses

YR= Yellow rust ST= Septoria tritici WSSF= Wheat stem sawflyC= Cold D= Drought LR= leaf rust SR= stem rust H= Heat

Aegilo

ps Ssp

T m

onococc

um

T dico

ccoides

T dico

ccum

T cart

hlicum

T polonicu

m

T arar

aticu

m

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Winter Screening YR ST WSSF C DSummer Screening LR SR H BYDV

ICARDA

Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with TriticumTriticumTriticum wild relativeswild relativeswild relatives

bull Triticum dicoccoidesbull Triticum carthlicumbull T dicoccumbull T araraticumbull T urartubull T monococcumbull Aegilops

peregrinacylindros vavilovii biuncialis columnaris amp triuncialis

R e la t io n s h ip b e t w e e n G Y a n d t e m p e r a t u r e a t w h ic h P S I I u n d e r g o e s t h e r m a l

d e n a t u r a t io n

F a d d a 9 8

M a s s a r a -1

Y ie ld C h e n A l t a r 8 4 G i l 4 ( t h a - 1 ) S t j 4 S t j 2 6 1 -1 3 0 4 1 4 -4 4 C a k 7 9

T c ( deg C )

3 5

0

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

4 1 5 4 2 0 4 2 5 4 3 0 4 3 5 4 4 0 4 4 5 4 5 0

r = 0 5 3

ICARDA

Ability to penetrate Hardpan Soil by Durum Landraces Improved cultivars and Triticum dicoccoides

000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Belikh

-2Kunduru

Lahn

Cham1

Zenati

boutei

lleOmrab

i5Cam

adi abu

Jennah

Khetifa

T dico

ccoides

Korifla

Haurani

Number of roots penetrating through VaselineParaffin disc (mixture of 40 paraffin and 60 Vaseline)

5 cm

03 cm

10 cm

PV disc

6 cmNon-woven

fabric

ADYT09 Cross Name IC90SR IC90LR DZ90SR LP09GY over Korifla

312 Icajihan39 R R MR 1406 178

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1339 170

223 Icasyr-14AssassaWahaBrch3Bicrederaa1 R R R 1173 149

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1155 146

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1121 142

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan1 R R MR 1097 139

215 IcalmorH5-69 R R R 1094 139

719 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch R R R 1079 137

303 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm = Icajihan11 R MS R 1079 137

101 Mra-14Aus13ScarGdoVZ579Bit R R R 1070 136

814 Icasyr-1Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1049 133

319 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1046 133

901 Marsyr-3Murlagost-2 R R R 1036 131

415 QuarmalGbch-23Mrf2Normal HamariBcrLks4 R R R 1021 129

1005 Geruftel-2 R R MR 988 125

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 789 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 733 93

Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate

ICARDA

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Biotic stresses linked with Climate Change are also now major constraints in Europe

Septoria triticiHessian flyTan spot RR etc

ICARDA

Environmental similarities in the Med region

-225

-200

-175

-150

-125

-100

-75

-50

-25

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007363 mm

Annual fluctuations of precipitation over the mean at Tel Hadya (ICARDA main research station)

Effects of biotic stresses associated with global warming on durum grain yield

01000200030004000

5000600070008000

Grain yield

Kg

ha

Hessian f ly susceptible

Hessian f ly resisatnt

Dryland root susceptibe

Dryland root resistant

Septoria tritici susceptibe

Septoria tritici resistant

ICARDA

Strategy to breed drought tolerant durum genotypes at ICARDA

bull Germplasmndash Use of WANA Landraces in the crossing particularly Haurani Hamari

Ahmar Kunduru Kyperounda and Jennah Khetifandash Use of Triticum wild relatives dicoccoides dicoccum araraticum

carthlicum monococcum urartu speltoides biuncialis

bull Testing environmentsndash Double gradient selection techniquendash Multilocation testing

bull Testing toolsndash Stress physiology morpho-physiologyphenolgy water status

photosynthesis spectral radiometry root system ndash Molecular markers mapping QTL gene expressionndash Biometrics spatial designs MVA clustering PCA AMMI

ICARDA

Durum Breeding selection environments - ICARDA

bull Sommer cycle1 Heat x Drought (TH Yield testing Seg PopsBS+ Advanced Lines) 2 Dryland Root Rots (Hotspot Hill planting Seg PopsB+ advanced Lines) 3 Stem RustBYDV (Terbol-EP Hill planting Seg PopsB+ Advanced Lines)4 Leaf Rust (Terbol-LP Hill planting Seg PopsB + Advanced Lines)5 Stem RustUG99 (Debre Zeit Seg Pops + Advanced Lines)

bull Winter cycle1 Drought (Breda ~1tha Yield testing + Seg PopsB WSSF)

2 Heat x Drought (LP ~1tha THYield testing )

3 Cold x Heat (Kfardan ~1tha Yield testing)

4 Rainfed (TH ~3tha Yield testing+ Seg PopsIP YR WSSF Sunni pest)

5 Rainfed (TH suppl-irr (+70mm) ~ 6tha Yield testing YR LR)

6 Cold (TerbolEP ~ 7tha Yield testing + Seg PopsB YR)

7 Yield Potential (Idlib Ghab Ibin ~ 8tha Yield testing YR ST)8 Septoria tritici (Lattakia Seg PopsB + advanced lines LRBYDV HF)9 Hessian fly (ICARDA Entomology JShaimMA seg pop+ Adv Lines)10 Under ZT (Marchouch ~ 5tha Seg PopsB + advanced lines)

11 Yield Potential-Full Irrig (Sids ~ 10tha Seg PopsB + advanced lines)

Selection in contrasting environments (Double Gradients Moisture amp Temperature)

Selection for heat tolerance

05

1015202530354045

15-12

704

22-28

704

297-

4804

5-118

0412

-188

0419

-258

0426

8-19

042-8

904

9-159

0416

-229

0423

-299

0430

9-61

0047-1

0100

4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Precipitation Evap Mintemp Avtemp Maxtemp

Physiology Screening techniques used in the ICARDAdurumbreeding program

1-Photosynthesis2-Leaf Rolling Index3-Chlorophyll content4-Carbon isotope discrimination ash content5-Osmotic Adjustment6-Relative water content7- Canopy temperature8- Porometer (Leaf temperature Relative Humidity Quantum yield stomatal resistance Transpiration Stomatal conductance )9-Fluorescence (F0 Fm Fv F0Fv= quenchingphoto-inhibition FvFm= photochemical efficiency Tfm)

12-Spectral Radiometry Chlorophyll content R550 Carotene content R675-680 Water Index WI Biomass (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) NDVI SR Ratio of WINDVI WINDVI Biomass (Simple Ratio) SR Photochemical Reflectance Index PRI Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll800 SIPI (senescence) Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll680 NPCI (senescence) Chlorophyll Degradation NPQI Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index SAVI________________________________________________________________________________________SR NDVI amp SAVI these indices are related to green biomassNPCI SIPI amp NPQI these indices are related to Chlorophyll losses carotenes chlorophyll ratio and senscences

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Distances

POTHY12

POTOS12

RWC12

AO12

ASS12

NETPHOT12

GS12

CICA12

FPSII

PSIIFVFM

QPHOTOS

QNPHOTOS

BRC13

CHLORF

NETPHOSRF

GSRF

CIRF

POTHYRPCT

BRGY

RWCRFFVFMRF

Waterosmotic potential nonphotochemical quenching chlorophyll conconcentration rate for intercelular ambiant CO2 concentration

Carbon isotopic discrimination soluble sugars concentration

stomata conductance net photosynthesis osmotic adjustmentphotochemical quenching photochemical efficiency relative

water content intercelular CO2 concentration GRAIN YIELD

PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS LINKED WITH YIELDUNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

ICARDA

Phenotyping parental material for drought tolerance

Grain yield (Kgha) across durum testing sites

02000400060008000

10000120001400016000

GY09LP

GY09Br

GY09RF

GY09IN

C GY09

KF GY09

EP GY09

TR GY09

EBN GY09

GH G

rain

yie

ld (K

gha

)

Mean grain yield Max grain yield

ICARDA

Mean and Maximum grain yields (kgha) of Lahn x Cham1 Mapping Population across sites x yerars in the Mediterranean Region

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

ICBR07ICBR06

MASEA07ICBR05TNRF0

6SYIZR07MAMR06

ICTH07

ICTH06

TNRF05ITARG07

SYIZ06

ITB007TNIR05ITCR05ITLR

C07 IC

TH05MATS07

TNRF07SYGB07

TNIR06SYGB06

TNIR07SYIDL07

ITBO06ITBO05

Mean (kgha)

Max (kgha)

Moderate drought

Severe drought

Favorable

Very favorable

Selection () for Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Durum x Wild Relatives Crosses

YR= Yellow rust ST= Septoria tritici WSSF= Wheat stem sawflyC= Cold D= Drought LR= leaf rust SR= stem rust H= Heat

Aegilo

ps Ssp

T m

onococc

um

T dico

ccoides

T dico

ccum

T cart

hlicum

T polonicu

m

T arar

aticu

m

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Winter Screening YR ST WSSF C DSummer Screening LR SR H BYDV

ICARDA

Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with TriticumTriticumTriticum wild relativeswild relativeswild relatives

bull Triticum dicoccoidesbull Triticum carthlicumbull T dicoccumbull T araraticumbull T urartubull T monococcumbull Aegilops

peregrinacylindros vavilovii biuncialis columnaris amp triuncialis

R e la t io n s h ip b e t w e e n G Y a n d t e m p e r a t u r e a t w h ic h P S I I u n d e r g o e s t h e r m a l

d e n a t u r a t io n

F a d d a 9 8

M a s s a r a -1

Y ie ld C h e n A l t a r 8 4 G i l 4 ( t h a - 1 ) S t j 4 S t j 2 6 1 -1 3 0 4 1 4 -4 4 C a k 7 9

T c ( deg C )

3 5

0

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

4 1 5 4 2 0 4 2 5 4 3 0 4 3 5 4 4 0 4 4 5 4 5 0

r = 0 5 3

ICARDA

Ability to penetrate Hardpan Soil by Durum Landraces Improved cultivars and Triticum dicoccoides

000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Belikh

-2Kunduru

Lahn

Cham1

Zenati

boutei

lleOmrab

i5Cam

adi abu

Jennah

Khetifa

T dico

ccoides

Korifla

Haurani

Number of roots penetrating through VaselineParaffin disc (mixture of 40 paraffin and 60 Vaseline)

5 cm

03 cm

10 cm

PV disc

6 cmNon-woven

fabric

ADYT09 Cross Name IC90SR IC90LR DZ90SR LP09GY over Korifla

312 Icajihan39 R R MR 1406 178

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1339 170

223 Icasyr-14AssassaWahaBrch3Bicrederaa1 R R R 1173 149

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1155 146

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1121 142

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan1 R R MR 1097 139

215 IcalmorH5-69 R R R 1094 139

719 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch R R R 1079 137

303 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm = Icajihan11 R MS R 1079 137

101 Mra-14Aus13ScarGdoVZ579Bit R R R 1070 136

814 Icasyr-1Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1049 133

319 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1046 133

901 Marsyr-3Murlagost-2 R R R 1036 131

415 QuarmalGbch-23Mrf2Normal HamariBcrLks4 R R R 1021 129

1005 Geruftel-2 R R MR 988 125

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 789 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 733 93

Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate

ICARDA

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Environmental similarities in the Med region

-225

-200

-175

-150

-125

-100

-75

-50

-25

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007363 mm

Annual fluctuations of precipitation over the mean at Tel Hadya (ICARDA main research station)

Effects of biotic stresses associated with global warming on durum grain yield

01000200030004000

5000600070008000

Grain yield

Kg

ha

Hessian f ly susceptible

Hessian f ly resisatnt

Dryland root susceptibe

Dryland root resistant

Septoria tritici susceptibe

Septoria tritici resistant

ICARDA

Strategy to breed drought tolerant durum genotypes at ICARDA

bull Germplasmndash Use of WANA Landraces in the crossing particularly Haurani Hamari

Ahmar Kunduru Kyperounda and Jennah Khetifandash Use of Triticum wild relatives dicoccoides dicoccum araraticum

carthlicum monococcum urartu speltoides biuncialis

bull Testing environmentsndash Double gradient selection techniquendash Multilocation testing

bull Testing toolsndash Stress physiology morpho-physiologyphenolgy water status

photosynthesis spectral radiometry root system ndash Molecular markers mapping QTL gene expressionndash Biometrics spatial designs MVA clustering PCA AMMI

ICARDA

Durum Breeding selection environments - ICARDA

bull Sommer cycle1 Heat x Drought (TH Yield testing Seg PopsBS+ Advanced Lines) 2 Dryland Root Rots (Hotspot Hill planting Seg PopsB+ advanced Lines) 3 Stem RustBYDV (Terbol-EP Hill planting Seg PopsB+ Advanced Lines)4 Leaf Rust (Terbol-LP Hill planting Seg PopsB + Advanced Lines)5 Stem RustUG99 (Debre Zeit Seg Pops + Advanced Lines)

bull Winter cycle1 Drought (Breda ~1tha Yield testing + Seg PopsB WSSF)

2 Heat x Drought (LP ~1tha THYield testing )

3 Cold x Heat (Kfardan ~1tha Yield testing)

4 Rainfed (TH ~3tha Yield testing+ Seg PopsIP YR WSSF Sunni pest)

5 Rainfed (TH suppl-irr (+70mm) ~ 6tha Yield testing YR LR)

6 Cold (TerbolEP ~ 7tha Yield testing + Seg PopsB YR)

7 Yield Potential (Idlib Ghab Ibin ~ 8tha Yield testing YR ST)8 Septoria tritici (Lattakia Seg PopsB + advanced lines LRBYDV HF)9 Hessian fly (ICARDA Entomology JShaimMA seg pop+ Adv Lines)10 Under ZT (Marchouch ~ 5tha Seg PopsB + advanced lines)

11 Yield Potential-Full Irrig (Sids ~ 10tha Seg PopsB + advanced lines)

Selection in contrasting environments (Double Gradients Moisture amp Temperature)

Selection for heat tolerance

05

1015202530354045

15-12

704

22-28

704

297-

4804

5-118

0412

-188

0419

-258

0426

8-19

042-8

904

9-159

0416

-229

0423

-299

0430

9-61

0047-1

0100

4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Precipitation Evap Mintemp Avtemp Maxtemp

Physiology Screening techniques used in the ICARDAdurumbreeding program

1-Photosynthesis2-Leaf Rolling Index3-Chlorophyll content4-Carbon isotope discrimination ash content5-Osmotic Adjustment6-Relative water content7- Canopy temperature8- Porometer (Leaf temperature Relative Humidity Quantum yield stomatal resistance Transpiration Stomatal conductance )9-Fluorescence (F0 Fm Fv F0Fv= quenchingphoto-inhibition FvFm= photochemical efficiency Tfm)

12-Spectral Radiometry Chlorophyll content R550 Carotene content R675-680 Water Index WI Biomass (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) NDVI SR Ratio of WINDVI WINDVI Biomass (Simple Ratio) SR Photochemical Reflectance Index PRI Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll800 SIPI (senescence) Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll680 NPCI (senescence) Chlorophyll Degradation NPQI Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index SAVI________________________________________________________________________________________SR NDVI amp SAVI these indices are related to green biomassNPCI SIPI amp NPQI these indices are related to Chlorophyll losses carotenes chlorophyll ratio and senscences

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Distances

POTHY12

POTOS12

RWC12

AO12

ASS12

NETPHOT12

GS12

CICA12

FPSII

PSIIFVFM

QPHOTOS

QNPHOTOS

BRC13

CHLORF

NETPHOSRF

GSRF

CIRF

POTHYRPCT

BRGY

RWCRFFVFMRF

Waterosmotic potential nonphotochemical quenching chlorophyll conconcentration rate for intercelular ambiant CO2 concentration

Carbon isotopic discrimination soluble sugars concentration

stomata conductance net photosynthesis osmotic adjustmentphotochemical quenching photochemical efficiency relative

water content intercelular CO2 concentration GRAIN YIELD

PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS LINKED WITH YIELDUNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

ICARDA

Phenotyping parental material for drought tolerance

Grain yield (Kgha) across durum testing sites

02000400060008000

10000120001400016000

GY09LP

GY09Br

GY09RF

GY09IN

C GY09

KF GY09

EP GY09

TR GY09

EBN GY09

GH G

rain

yie

ld (K

gha

)

Mean grain yield Max grain yield

ICARDA

Mean and Maximum grain yields (kgha) of Lahn x Cham1 Mapping Population across sites x yerars in the Mediterranean Region

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

ICBR07ICBR06

MASEA07ICBR05TNRF0

6SYIZR07MAMR06

ICTH07

ICTH06

TNRF05ITARG07

SYIZ06

ITB007TNIR05ITCR05ITLR

C07 IC

TH05MATS07

TNRF07SYGB07

TNIR06SYGB06

TNIR07SYIDL07

ITBO06ITBO05

Mean (kgha)

Max (kgha)

Moderate drought

Severe drought

Favorable

Very favorable

Selection () for Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Durum x Wild Relatives Crosses

YR= Yellow rust ST= Septoria tritici WSSF= Wheat stem sawflyC= Cold D= Drought LR= leaf rust SR= stem rust H= Heat

Aegilo

ps Ssp

T m

onococc

um

T dico

ccoides

T dico

ccum

T cart

hlicum

T polonicu

m

T arar

aticu

m

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Winter Screening YR ST WSSF C DSummer Screening LR SR H BYDV

ICARDA

Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with TriticumTriticumTriticum wild relativeswild relativeswild relatives

bull Triticum dicoccoidesbull Triticum carthlicumbull T dicoccumbull T araraticumbull T urartubull T monococcumbull Aegilops

peregrinacylindros vavilovii biuncialis columnaris amp triuncialis

R e la t io n s h ip b e t w e e n G Y a n d t e m p e r a t u r e a t w h ic h P S I I u n d e r g o e s t h e r m a l

d e n a t u r a t io n

F a d d a 9 8

M a s s a r a -1

Y ie ld C h e n A l t a r 8 4 G i l 4 ( t h a - 1 ) S t j 4 S t j 2 6 1 -1 3 0 4 1 4 -4 4 C a k 7 9

T c ( deg C )

3 5

0

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

4 1 5 4 2 0 4 2 5 4 3 0 4 3 5 4 4 0 4 4 5 4 5 0

r = 0 5 3

ICARDA

Ability to penetrate Hardpan Soil by Durum Landraces Improved cultivars and Triticum dicoccoides

000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Belikh

-2Kunduru

Lahn

Cham1

Zenati

boutei

lleOmrab

i5Cam

adi abu

Jennah

Khetifa

T dico

ccoides

Korifla

Haurani

Number of roots penetrating through VaselineParaffin disc (mixture of 40 paraffin and 60 Vaseline)

5 cm

03 cm

10 cm

PV disc

6 cmNon-woven

fabric

ADYT09 Cross Name IC90SR IC90LR DZ90SR LP09GY over Korifla

312 Icajihan39 R R MR 1406 178

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1339 170

223 Icasyr-14AssassaWahaBrch3Bicrederaa1 R R R 1173 149

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1155 146

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1121 142

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan1 R R MR 1097 139

215 IcalmorH5-69 R R R 1094 139

719 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch R R R 1079 137

303 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm = Icajihan11 R MS R 1079 137

101 Mra-14Aus13ScarGdoVZ579Bit R R R 1070 136

814 Icasyr-1Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1049 133

319 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1046 133

901 Marsyr-3Murlagost-2 R R R 1036 131

415 QuarmalGbch-23Mrf2Normal HamariBcrLks4 R R R 1021 129

1005 Geruftel-2 R R MR 988 125

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 789 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 733 93

Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate

ICARDA

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

-225

-200

-175

-150

-125

-100

-75

-50

-25

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007363 mm

Annual fluctuations of precipitation over the mean at Tel Hadya (ICARDA main research station)

Effects of biotic stresses associated with global warming on durum grain yield

01000200030004000

5000600070008000

Grain yield

Kg

ha

Hessian f ly susceptible

Hessian f ly resisatnt

Dryland root susceptibe

Dryland root resistant

Septoria tritici susceptibe

Septoria tritici resistant

ICARDA

Strategy to breed drought tolerant durum genotypes at ICARDA

bull Germplasmndash Use of WANA Landraces in the crossing particularly Haurani Hamari

Ahmar Kunduru Kyperounda and Jennah Khetifandash Use of Triticum wild relatives dicoccoides dicoccum araraticum

carthlicum monococcum urartu speltoides biuncialis

bull Testing environmentsndash Double gradient selection techniquendash Multilocation testing

bull Testing toolsndash Stress physiology morpho-physiologyphenolgy water status

photosynthesis spectral radiometry root system ndash Molecular markers mapping QTL gene expressionndash Biometrics spatial designs MVA clustering PCA AMMI

ICARDA

Durum Breeding selection environments - ICARDA

bull Sommer cycle1 Heat x Drought (TH Yield testing Seg PopsBS+ Advanced Lines) 2 Dryland Root Rots (Hotspot Hill planting Seg PopsB+ advanced Lines) 3 Stem RustBYDV (Terbol-EP Hill planting Seg PopsB+ Advanced Lines)4 Leaf Rust (Terbol-LP Hill planting Seg PopsB + Advanced Lines)5 Stem RustUG99 (Debre Zeit Seg Pops + Advanced Lines)

bull Winter cycle1 Drought (Breda ~1tha Yield testing + Seg PopsB WSSF)

2 Heat x Drought (LP ~1tha THYield testing )

3 Cold x Heat (Kfardan ~1tha Yield testing)

4 Rainfed (TH ~3tha Yield testing+ Seg PopsIP YR WSSF Sunni pest)

5 Rainfed (TH suppl-irr (+70mm) ~ 6tha Yield testing YR LR)

6 Cold (TerbolEP ~ 7tha Yield testing + Seg PopsB YR)

7 Yield Potential (Idlib Ghab Ibin ~ 8tha Yield testing YR ST)8 Septoria tritici (Lattakia Seg PopsB + advanced lines LRBYDV HF)9 Hessian fly (ICARDA Entomology JShaimMA seg pop+ Adv Lines)10 Under ZT (Marchouch ~ 5tha Seg PopsB + advanced lines)

11 Yield Potential-Full Irrig (Sids ~ 10tha Seg PopsB + advanced lines)

Selection in contrasting environments (Double Gradients Moisture amp Temperature)

Selection for heat tolerance

05

1015202530354045

15-12

704

22-28

704

297-

4804

5-118

0412

-188

0419

-258

0426

8-19

042-8

904

9-159

0416

-229

0423

-299

0430

9-61

0047-1

0100

4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Precipitation Evap Mintemp Avtemp Maxtemp

Physiology Screening techniques used in the ICARDAdurumbreeding program

1-Photosynthesis2-Leaf Rolling Index3-Chlorophyll content4-Carbon isotope discrimination ash content5-Osmotic Adjustment6-Relative water content7- Canopy temperature8- Porometer (Leaf temperature Relative Humidity Quantum yield stomatal resistance Transpiration Stomatal conductance )9-Fluorescence (F0 Fm Fv F0Fv= quenchingphoto-inhibition FvFm= photochemical efficiency Tfm)

12-Spectral Radiometry Chlorophyll content R550 Carotene content R675-680 Water Index WI Biomass (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) NDVI SR Ratio of WINDVI WINDVI Biomass (Simple Ratio) SR Photochemical Reflectance Index PRI Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll800 SIPI (senescence) Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll680 NPCI (senescence) Chlorophyll Degradation NPQI Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index SAVI________________________________________________________________________________________SR NDVI amp SAVI these indices are related to green biomassNPCI SIPI amp NPQI these indices are related to Chlorophyll losses carotenes chlorophyll ratio and senscences

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Distances

POTHY12

POTOS12

RWC12

AO12

ASS12

NETPHOT12

GS12

CICA12

FPSII

PSIIFVFM

QPHOTOS

QNPHOTOS

BRC13

CHLORF

NETPHOSRF

GSRF

CIRF

POTHYRPCT

BRGY

RWCRFFVFMRF

Waterosmotic potential nonphotochemical quenching chlorophyll conconcentration rate for intercelular ambiant CO2 concentration

Carbon isotopic discrimination soluble sugars concentration

stomata conductance net photosynthesis osmotic adjustmentphotochemical quenching photochemical efficiency relative

water content intercelular CO2 concentration GRAIN YIELD

PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS LINKED WITH YIELDUNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

ICARDA

Phenotyping parental material for drought tolerance

Grain yield (Kgha) across durum testing sites

02000400060008000

10000120001400016000

GY09LP

GY09Br

GY09RF

GY09IN

C GY09

KF GY09

EP GY09

TR GY09

EBN GY09

GH G

rain

yie

ld (K

gha

)

Mean grain yield Max grain yield

ICARDA

Mean and Maximum grain yields (kgha) of Lahn x Cham1 Mapping Population across sites x yerars in the Mediterranean Region

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

ICBR07ICBR06

MASEA07ICBR05TNRF0

6SYIZR07MAMR06

ICTH07

ICTH06

TNRF05ITARG07

SYIZ06

ITB007TNIR05ITCR05ITLR

C07 IC

TH05MATS07

TNRF07SYGB07

TNIR06SYGB06

TNIR07SYIDL07

ITBO06ITBO05

Mean (kgha)

Max (kgha)

Moderate drought

Severe drought

Favorable

Very favorable

Selection () for Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Durum x Wild Relatives Crosses

YR= Yellow rust ST= Septoria tritici WSSF= Wheat stem sawflyC= Cold D= Drought LR= leaf rust SR= stem rust H= Heat

Aegilo

ps Ssp

T m

onococc

um

T dico

ccoides

T dico

ccum

T cart

hlicum

T polonicu

m

T arar

aticu

m

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Winter Screening YR ST WSSF C DSummer Screening LR SR H BYDV

ICARDA

Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with TriticumTriticumTriticum wild relativeswild relativeswild relatives

bull Triticum dicoccoidesbull Triticum carthlicumbull T dicoccumbull T araraticumbull T urartubull T monococcumbull Aegilops

peregrinacylindros vavilovii biuncialis columnaris amp triuncialis

R e la t io n s h ip b e t w e e n G Y a n d t e m p e r a t u r e a t w h ic h P S I I u n d e r g o e s t h e r m a l

d e n a t u r a t io n

F a d d a 9 8

M a s s a r a -1

Y ie ld C h e n A l t a r 8 4 G i l 4 ( t h a - 1 ) S t j 4 S t j 2 6 1 -1 3 0 4 1 4 -4 4 C a k 7 9

T c ( deg C )

3 5

0

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

4 1 5 4 2 0 4 2 5 4 3 0 4 3 5 4 4 0 4 4 5 4 5 0

r = 0 5 3

ICARDA

Ability to penetrate Hardpan Soil by Durum Landraces Improved cultivars and Triticum dicoccoides

000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Belikh

-2Kunduru

Lahn

Cham1

Zenati

boutei

lleOmrab

i5Cam

adi abu

Jennah

Khetifa

T dico

ccoides

Korifla

Haurani

Number of roots penetrating through VaselineParaffin disc (mixture of 40 paraffin and 60 Vaseline)

5 cm

03 cm

10 cm

PV disc

6 cmNon-woven

fabric

ADYT09 Cross Name IC90SR IC90LR DZ90SR LP09GY over Korifla

312 Icajihan39 R R MR 1406 178

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1339 170

223 Icasyr-14AssassaWahaBrch3Bicrederaa1 R R R 1173 149

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1155 146

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1121 142

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan1 R R MR 1097 139

215 IcalmorH5-69 R R R 1094 139

719 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch R R R 1079 137

303 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm = Icajihan11 R MS R 1079 137

101 Mra-14Aus13ScarGdoVZ579Bit R R R 1070 136

814 Icasyr-1Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1049 133

319 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1046 133

901 Marsyr-3Murlagost-2 R R R 1036 131

415 QuarmalGbch-23Mrf2Normal HamariBcrLks4 R R R 1021 129

1005 Geruftel-2 R R MR 988 125

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 789 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 733 93

Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate

ICARDA

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Effects of biotic stresses associated with global warming on durum grain yield

01000200030004000

5000600070008000

Grain yield

Kg

ha

Hessian f ly susceptible

Hessian f ly resisatnt

Dryland root susceptibe

Dryland root resistant

Septoria tritici susceptibe

Septoria tritici resistant

ICARDA

Strategy to breed drought tolerant durum genotypes at ICARDA

bull Germplasmndash Use of WANA Landraces in the crossing particularly Haurani Hamari

Ahmar Kunduru Kyperounda and Jennah Khetifandash Use of Triticum wild relatives dicoccoides dicoccum araraticum

carthlicum monococcum urartu speltoides biuncialis

bull Testing environmentsndash Double gradient selection techniquendash Multilocation testing

bull Testing toolsndash Stress physiology morpho-physiologyphenolgy water status

photosynthesis spectral radiometry root system ndash Molecular markers mapping QTL gene expressionndash Biometrics spatial designs MVA clustering PCA AMMI

ICARDA

Durum Breeding selection environments - ICARDA

bull Sommer cycle1 Heat x Drought (TH Yield testing Seg PopsBS+ Advanced Lines) 2 Dryland Root Rots (Hotspot Hill planting Seg PopsB+ advanced Lines) 3 Stem RustBYDV (Terbol-EP Hill planting Seg PopsB+ Advanced Lines)4 Leaf Rust (Terbol-LP Hill planting Seg PopsB + Advanced Lines)5 Stem RustUG99 (Debre Zeit Seg Pops + Advanced Lines)

bull Winter cycle1 Drought (Breda ~1tha Yield testing + Seg PopsB WSSF)

2 Heat x Drought (LP ~1tha THYield testing )

3 Cold x Heat (Kfardan ~1tha Yield testing)

4 Rainfed (TH ~3tha Yield testing+ Seg PopsIP YR WSSF Sunni pest)

5 Rainfed (TH suppl-irr (+70mm) ~ 6tha Yield testing YR LR)

6 Cold (TerbolEP ~ 7tha Yield testing + Seg PopsB YR)

7 Yield Potential (Idlib Ghab Ibin ~ 8tha Yield testing YR ST)8 Septoria tritici (Lattakia Seg PopsB + advanced lines LRBYDV HF)9 Hessian fly (ICARDA Entomology JShaimMA seg pop+ Adv Lines)10 Under ZT (Marchouch ~ 5tha Seg PopsB + advanced lines)

11 Yield Potential-Full Irrig (Sids ~ 10tha Seg PopsB + advanced lines)

Selection in contrasting environments (Double Gradients Moisture amp Temperature)

Selection for heat tolerance

05

1015202530354045

15-12

704

22-28

704

297-

4804

5-118

0412

-188

0419

-258

0426

8-19

042-8

904

9-159

0416

-229

0423

-299

0430

9-61

0047-1

0100

4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Precipitation Evap Mintemp Avtemp Maxtemp

Physiology Screening techniques used in the ICARDAdurumbreeding program

1-Photosynthesis2-Leaf Rolling Index3-Chlorophyll content4-Carbon isotope discrimination ash content5-Osmotic Adjustment6-Relative water content7- Canopy temperature8- Porometer (Leaf temperature Relative Humidity Quantum yield stomatal resistance Transpiration Stomatal conductance )9-Fluorescence (F0 Fm Fv F0Fv= quenchingphoto-inhibition FvFm= photochemical efficiency Tfm)

12-Spectral Radiometry Chlorophyll content R550 Carotene content R675-680 Water Index WI Biomass (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) NDVI SR Ratio of WINDVI WINDVI Biomass (Simple Ratio) SR Photochemical Reflectance Index PRI Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll800 SIPI (senescence) Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll680 NPCI (senescence) Chlorophyll Degradation NPQI Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index SAVI________________________________________________________________________________________SR NDVI amp SAVI these indices are related to green biomassNPCI SIPI amp NPQI these indices are related to Chlorophyll losses carotenes chlorophyll ratio and senscences

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Distances

POTHY12

POTOS12

RWC12

AO12

ASS12

NETPHOT12

GS12

CICA12

FPSII

PSIIFVFM

QPHOTOS

QNPHOTOS

BRC13

CHLORF

NETPHOSRF

GSRF

CIRF

POTHYRPCT

BRGY

RWCRFFVFMRF

Waterosmotic potential nonphotochemical quenching chlorophyll conconcentration rate for intercelular ambiant CO2 concentration

Carbon isotopic discrimination soluble sugars concentration

stomata conductance net photosynthesis osmotic adjustmentphotochemical quenching photochemical efficiency relative

water content intercelular CO2 concentration GRAIN YIELD

PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS LINKED WITH YIELDUNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

ICARDA

Phenotyping parental material for drought tolerance

Grain yield (Kgha) across durum testing sites

02000400060008000

10000120001400016000

GY09LP

GY09Br

GY09RF

GY09IN

C GY09

KF GY09

EP GY09

TR GY09

EBN GY09

GH G

rain

yie

ld (K

gha

)

Mean grain yield Max grain yield

ICARDA

Mean and Maximum grain yields (kgha) of Lahn x Cham1 Mapping Population across sites x yerars in the Mediterranean Region

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

ICBR07ICBR06

MASEA07ICBR05TNRF0

6SYIZR07MAMR06

ICTH07

ICTH06

TNRF05ITARG07

SYIZ06

ITB007TNIR05ITCR05ITLR

C07 IC

TH05MATS07

TNRF07SYGB07

TNIR06SYGB06

TNIR07SYIDL07

ITBO06ITBO05

Mean (kgha)

Max (kgha)

Moderate drought

Severe drought

Favorable

Very favorable

Selection () for Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Durum x Wild Relatives Crosses

YR= Yellow rust ST= Septoria tritici WSSF= Wheat stem sawflyC= Cold D= Drought LR= leaf rust SR= stem rust H= Heat

Aegilo

ps Ssp

T m

onococc

um

T dico

ccoides

T dico

ccum

T cart

hlicum

T polonicu

m

T arar

aticu

m

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Winter Screening YR ST WSSF C DSummer Screening LR SR H BYDV

ICARDA

Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with TriticumTriticumTriticum wild relativeswild relativeswild relatives

bull Triticum dicoccoidesbull Triticum carthlicumbull T dicoccumbull T araraticumbull T urartubull T monococcumbull Aegilops

peregrinacylindros vavilovii biuncialis columnaris amp triuncialis

R e la t io n s h ip b e t w e e n G Y a n d t e m p e r a t u r e a t w h ic h P S I I u n d e r g o e s t h e r m a l

d e n a t u r a t io n

F a d d a 9 8

M a s s a r a -1

Y ie ld C h e n A l t a r 8 4 G i l 4 ( t h a - 1 ) S t j 4 S t j 2 6 1 -1 3 0 4 1 4 -4 4 C a k 7 9

T c ( deg C )

3 5

0

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

4 1 5 4 2 0 4 2 5 4 3 0 4 3 5 4 4 0 4 4 5 4 5 0

r = 0 5 3

ICARDA

Ability to penetrate Hardpan Soil by Durum Landraces Improved cultivars and Triticum dicoccoides

000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Belikh

-2Kunduru

Lahn

Cham1

Zenati

boutei

lleOmrab

i5Cam

adi abu

Jennah

Khetifa

T dico

ccoides

Korifla

Haurani

Number of roots penetrating through VaselineParaffin disc (mixture of 40 paraffin and 60 Vaseline)

5 cm

03 cm

10 cm

PV disc

6 cmNon-woven

fabric

ADYT09 Cross Name IC90SR IC90LR DZ90SR LP09GY over Korifla

312 Icajihan39 R R MR 1406 178

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1339 170

223 Icasyr-14AssassaWahaBrch3Bicrederaa1 R R R 1173 149

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1155 146

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1121 142

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan1 R R MR 1097 139

215 IcalmorH5-69 R R R 1094 139

719 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch R R R 1079 137

303 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm = Icajihan11 R MS R 1079 137

101 Mra-14Aus13ScarGdoVZ579Bit R R R 1070 136

814 Icasyr-1Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1049 133

319 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1046 133

901 Marsyr-3Murlagost-2 R R R 1036 131

415 QuarmalGbch-23Mrf2Normal HamariBcrLks4 R R R 1021 129

1005 Geruftel-2 R R MR 988 125

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 789 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 733 93

Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate

ICARDA

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Strategy to breed drought tolerant durum genotypes at ICARDA

bull Germplasmndash Use of WANA Landraces in the crossing particularly Haurani Hamari

Ahmar Kunduru Kyperounda and Jennah Khetifandash Use of Triticum wild relatives dicoccoides dicoccum araraticum

carthlicum monococcum urartu speltoides biuncialis

bull Testing environmentsndash Double gradient selection techniquendash Multilocation testing

bull Testing toolsndash Stress physiology morpho-physiologyphenolgy water status

photosynthesis spectral radiometry root system ndash Molecular markers mapping QTL gene expressionndash Biometrics spatial designs MVA clustering PCA AMMI

ICARDA

Durum Breeding selection environments - ICARDA

bull Sommer cycle1 Heat x Drought (TH Yield testing Seg PopsBS+ Advanced Lines) 2 Dryland Root Rots (Hotspot Hill planting Seg PopsB+ advanced Lines) 3 Stem RustBYDV (Terbol-EP Hill planting Seg PopsB+ Advanced Lines)4 Leaf Rust (Terbol-LP Hill planting Seg PopsB + Advanced Lines)5 Stem RustUG99 (Debre Zeit Seg Pops + Advanced Lines)

bull Winter cycle1 Drought (Breda ~1tha Yield testing + Seg PopsB WSSF)

2 Heat x Drought (LP ~1tha THYield testing )

3 Cold x Heat (Kfardan ~1tha Yield testing)

4 Rainfed (TH ~3tha Yield testing+ Seg PopsIP YR WSSF Sunni pest)

5 Rainfed (TH suppl-irr (+70mm) ~ 6tha Yield testing YR LR)

6 Cold (TerbolEP ~ 7tha Yield testing + Seg PopsB YR)

7 Yield Potential (Idlib Ghab Ibin ~ 8tha Yield testing YR ST)8 Septoria tritici (Lattakia Seg PopsB + advanced lines LRBYDV HF)9 Hessian fly (ICARDA Entomology JShaimMA seg pop+ Adv Lines)10 Under ZT (Marchouch ~ 5tha Seg PopsB + advanced lines)

11 Yield Potential-Full Irrig (Sids ~ 10tha Seg PopsB + advanced lines)

Selection in contrasting environments (Double Gradients Moisture amp Temperature)

Selection for heat tolerance

05

1015202530354045

15-12

704

22-28

704

297-

4804

5-118

0412

-188

0419

-258

0426

8-19

042-8

904

9-159

0416

-229

0423

-299

0430

9-61

0047-1

0100

4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Precipitation Evap Mintemp Avtemp Maxtemp

Physiology Screening techniques used in the ICARDAdurumbreeding program

1-Photosynthesis2-Leaf Rolling Index3-Chlorophyll content4-Carbon isotope discrimination ash content5-Osmotic Adjustment6-Relative water content7- Canopy temperature8- Porometer (Leaf temperature Relative Humidity Quantum yield stomatal resistance Transpiration Stomatal conductance )9-Fluorescence (F0 Fm Fv F0Fv= quenchingphoto-inhibition FvFm= photochemical efficiency Tfm)

12-Spectral Radiometry Chlorophyll content R550 Carotene content R675-680 Water Index WI Biomass (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) NDVI SR Ratio of WINDVI WINDVI Biomass (Simple Ratio) SR Photochemical Reflectance Index PRI Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll800 SIPI (senescence) Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll680 NPCI (senescence) Chlorophyll Degradation NPQI Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index SAVI________________________________________________________________________________________SR NDVI amp SAVI these indices are related to green biomassNPCI SIPI amp NPQI these indices are related to Chlorophyll losses carotenes chlorophyll ratio and senscences

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Distances

POTHY12

POTOS12

RWC12

AO12

ASS12

NETPHOT12

GS12

CICA12

FPSII

PSIIFVFM

QPHOTOS

QNPHOTOS

BRC13

CHLORF

NETPHOSRF

GSRF

CIRF

POTHYRPCT

BRGY

RWCRFFVFMRF

Waterosmotic potential nonphotochemical quenching chlorophyll conconcentration rate for intercelular ambiant CO2 concentration

Carbon isotopic discrimination soluble sugars concentration

stomata conductance net photosynthesis osmotic adjustmentphotochemical quenching photochemical efficiency relative

water content intercelular CO2 concentration GRAIN YIELD

PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS LINKED WITH YIELDUNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

ICARDA

Phenotyping parental material for drought tolerance

Grain yield (Kgha) across durum testing sites

02000400060008000

10000120001400016000

GY09LP

GY09Br

GY09RF

GY09IN

C GY09

KF GY09

EP GY09

TR GY09

EBN GY09

GH G

rain

yie

ld (K

gha

)

Mean grain yield Max grain yield

ICARDA

Mean and Maximum grain yields (kgha) of Lahn x Cham1 Mapping Population across sites x yerars in the Mediterranean Region

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

ICBR07ICBR06

MASEA07ICBR05TNRF0

6SYIZR07MAMR06

ICTH07

ICTH06

TNRF05ITARG07

SYIZ06

ITB007TNIR05ITCR05ITLR

C07 IC

TH05MATS07

TNRF07SYGB07

TNIR06SYGB06

TNIR07SYIDL07

ITBO06ITBO05

Mean (kgha)

Max (kgha)

Moderate drought

Severe drought

Favorable

Very favorable

Selection () for Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Durum x Wild Relatives Crosses

YR= Yellow rust ST= Septoria tritici WSSF= Wheat stem sawflyC= Cold D= Drought LR= leaf rust SR= stem rust H= Heat

Aegilo

ps Ssp

T m

onococc

um

T dico

ccoides

T dico

ccum

T cart

hlicum

T polonicu

m

T arar

aticu

m

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Winter Screening YR ST WSSF C DSummer Screening LR SR H BYDV

ICARDA

Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with TriticumTriticumTriticum wild relativeswild relativeswild relatives

bull Triticum dicoccoidesbull Triticum carthlicumbull T dicoccumbull T araraticumbull T urartubull T monococcumbull Aegilops

peregrinacylindros vavilovii biuncialis columnaris amp triuncialis

R e la t io n s h ip b e t w e e n G Y a n d t e m p e r a t u r e a t w h ic h P S I I u n d e r g o e s t h e r m a l

d e n a t u r a t io n

F a d d a 9 8

M a s s a r a -1

Y ie ld C h e n A l t a r 8 4 G i l 4 ( t h a - 1 ) S t j 4 S t j 2 6 1 -1 3 0 4 1 4 -4 4 C a k 7 9

T c ( deg C )

3 5

0

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

4 1 5 4 2 0 4 2 5 4 3 0 4 3 5 4 4 0 4 4 5 4 5 0

r = 0 5 3

ICARDA

Ability to penetrate Hardpan Soil by Durum Landraces Improved cultivars and Triticum dicoccoides

000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Belikh

-2Kunduru

Lahn

Cham1

Zenati

boutei

lleOmrab

i5Cam

adi abu

Jennah

Khetifa

T dico

ccoides

Korifla

Haurani

Number of roots penetrating through VaselineParaffin disc (mixture of 40 paraffin and 60 Vaseline)

5 cm

03 cm

10 cm

PV disc

6 cmNon-woven

fabric

ADYT09 Cross Name IC90SR IC90LR DZ90SR LP09GY over Korifla

312 Icajihan39 R R MR 1406 178

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1339 170

223 Icasyr-14AssassaWahaBrch3Bicrederaa1 R R R 1173 149

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1155 146

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1121 142

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan1 R R MR 1097 139

215 IcalmorH5-69 R R R 1094 139

719 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch R R R 1079 137

303 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm = Icajihan11 R MS R 1079 137

101 Mra-14Aus13ScarGdoVZ579Bit R R R 1070 136

814 Icasyr-1Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1049 133

319 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1046 133

901 Marsyr-3Murlagost-2 R R R 1036 131

415 QuarmalGbch-23Mrf2Normal HamariBcrLks4 R R R 1021 129

1005 Geruftel-2 R R MR 988 125

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 789 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 733 93

Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate

ICARDA

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Durum Breeding selection environments - ICARDA

bull Sommer cycle1 Heat x Drought (TH Yield testing Seg PopsBS+ Advanced Lines) 2 Dryland Root Rots (Hotspot Hill planting Seg PopsB+ advanced Lines) 3 Stem RustBYDV (Terbol-EP Hill planting Seg PopsB+ Advanced Lines)4 Leaf Rust (Terbol-LP Hill planting Seg PopsB + Advanced Lines)5 Stem RustUG99 (Debre Zeit Seg Pops + Advanced Lines)

bull Winter cycle1 Drought (Breda ~1tha Yield testing + Seg PopsB WSSF)

2 Heat x Drought (LP ~1tha THYield testing )

3 Cold x Heat (Kfardan ~1tha Yield testing)

4 Rainfed (TH ~3tha Yield testing+ Seg PopsIP YR WSSF Sunni pest)

5 Rainfed (TH suppl-irr (+70mm) ~ 6tha Yield testing YR LR)

6 Cold (TerbolEP ~ 7tha Yield testing + Seg PopsB YR)

7 Yield Potential (Idlib Ghab Ibin ~ 8tha Yield testing YR ST)8 Septoria tritici (Lattakia Seg PopsB + advanced lines LRBYDV HF)9 Hessian fly (ICARDA Entomology JShaimMA seg pop+ Adv Lines)10 Under ZT (Marchouch ~ 5tha Seg PopsB + advanced lines)

11 Yield Potential-Full Irrig (Sids ~ 10tha Seg PopsB + advanced lines)

Selection in contrasting environments (Double Gradients Moisture amp Temperature)

Selection for heat tolerance

05

1015202530354045

15-12

704

22-28

704

297-

4804

5-118

0412

-188

0419

-258

0426

8-19

042-8

904

9-159

0416

-229

0423

-299

0430

9-61

0047-1

0100

4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Precipitation Evap Mintemp Avtemp Maxtemp

Physiology Screening techniques used in the ICARDAdurumbreeding program

1-Photosynthesis2-Leaf Rolling Index3-Chlorophyll content4-Carbon isotope discrimination ash content5-Osmotic Adjustment6-Relative water content7- Canopy temperature8- Porometer (Leaf temperature Relative Humidity Quantum yield stomatal resistance Transpiration Stomatal conductance )9-Fluorescence (F0 Fm Fv F0Fv= quenchingphoto-inhibition FvFm= photochemical efficiency Tfm)

12-Spectral Radiometry Chlorophyll content R550 Carotene content R675-680 Water Index WI Biomass (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) NDVI SR Ratio of WINDVI WINDVI Biomass (Simple Ratio) SR Photochemical Reflectance Index PRI Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll800 SIPI (senescence) Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll680 NPCI (senescence) Chlorophyll Degradation NPQI Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index SAVI________________________________________________________________________________________SR NDVI amp SAVI these indices are related to green biomassNPCI SIPI amp NPQI these indices are related to Chlorophyll losses carotenes chlorophyll ratio and senscences

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Distances

POTHY12

POTOS12

RWC12

AO12

ASS12

NETPHOT12

GS12

CICA12

FPSII

PSIIFVFM

QPHOTOS

QNPHOTOS

BRC13

CHLORF

NETPHOSRF

GSRF

CIRF

POTHYRPCT

BRGY

RWCRFFVFMRF

Waterosmotic potential nonphotochemical quenching chlorophyll conconcentration rate for intercelular ambiant CO2 concentration

Carbon isotopic discrimination soluble sugars concentration

stomata conductance net photosynthesis osmotic adjustmentphotochemical quenching photochemical efficiency relative

water content intercelular CO2 concentration GRAIN YIELD

PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS LINKED WITH YIELDUNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

ICARDA

Phenotyping parental material for drought tolerance

Grain yield (Kgha) across durum testing sites

02000400060008000

10000120001400016000

GY09LP

GY09Br

GY09RF

GY09IN

C GY09

KF GY09

EP GY09

TR GY09

EBN GY09

GH G

rain

yie

ld (K

gha

)

Mean grain yield Max grain yield

ICARDA

Mean and Maximum grain yields (kgha) of Lahn x Cham1 Mapping Population across sites x yerars in the Mediterranean Region

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

ICBR07ICBR06

MASEA07ICBR05TNRF0

6SYIZR07MAMR06

ICTH07

ICTH06

TNRF05ITARG07

SYIZ06

ITB007TNIR05ITCR05ITLR

C07 IC

TH05MATS07

TNRF07SYGB07

TNIR06SYGB06

TNIR07SYIDL07

ITBO06ITBO05

Mean (kgha)

Max (kgha)

Moderate drought

Severe drought

Favorable

Very favorable

Selection () for Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Durum x Wild Relatives Crosses

YR= Yellow rust ST= Septoria tritici WSSF= Wheat stem sawflyC= Cold D= Drought LR= leaf rust SR= stem rust H= Heat

Aegilo

ps Ssp

T m

onococc

um

T dico

ccoides

T dico

ccum

T cart

hlicum

T polonicu

m

T arar

aticu

m

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Winter Screening YR ST WSSF C DSummer Screening LR SR H BYDV

ICARDA

Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with TriticumTriticumTriticum wild relativeswild relativeswild relatives

bull Triticum dicoccoidesbull Triticum carthlicumbull T dicoccumbull T araraticumbull T urartubull T monococcumbull Aegilops

peregrinacylindros vavilovii biuncialis columnaris amp triuncialis

R e la t io n s h ip b e t w e e n G Y a n d t e m p e r a t u r e a t w h ic h P S I I u n d e r g o e s t h e r m a l

d e n a t u r a t io n

F a d d a 9 8

M a s s a r a -1

Y ie ld C h e n A l t a r 8 4 G i l 4 ( t h a - 1 ) S t j 4 S t j 2 6 1 -1 3 0 4 1 4 -4 4 C a k 7 9

T c ( deg C )

3 5

0

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

4 1 5 4 2 0 4 2 5 4 3 0 4 3 5 4 4 0 4 4 5 4 5 0

r = 0 5 3

ICARDA

Ability to penetrate Hardpan Soil by Durum Landraces Improved cultivars and Triticum dicoccoides

000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Belikh

-2Kunduru

Lahn

Cham1

Zenati

boutei

lleOmrab

i5Cam

adi abu

Jennah

Khetifa

T dico

ccoides

Korifla

Haurani

Number of roots penetrating through VaselineParaffin disc (mixture of 40 paraffin and 60 Vaseline)

5 cm

03 cm

10 cm

PV disc

6 cmNon-woven

fabric

ADYT09 Cross Name IC90SR IC90LR DZ90SR LP09GY over Korifla

312 Icajihan39 R R MR 1406 178

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1339 170

223 Icasyr-14AssassaWahaBrch3Bicrederaa1 R R R 1173 149

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1155 146

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1121 142

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan1 R R MR 1097 139

215 IcalmorH5-69 R R R 1094 139

719 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch R R R 1079 137

303 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm = Icajihan11 R MS R 1079 137

101 Mra-14Aus13ScarGdoVZ579Bit R R R 1070 136

814 Icasyr-1Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1049 133

319 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1046 133

901 Marsyr-3Murlagost-2 R R R 1036 131

415 QuarmalGbch-23Mrf2Normal HamariBcrLks4 R R R 1021 129

1005 Geruftel-2 R R MR 988 125

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 789 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 733 93

Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate

ICARDA

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Selection in contrasting environments (Double Gradients Moisture amp Temperature)

Selection for heat tolerance

05

1015202530354045

15-12

704

22-28

704

297-

4804

5-118

0412

-188

0419

-258

0426

8-19

042-8

904

9-159

0416

-229

0423

-299

0430

9-61

0047-1

0100

4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Precipitation Evap Mintemp Avtemp Maxtemp

Physiology Screening techniques used in the ICARDAdurumbreeding program

1-Photosynthesis2-Leaf Rolling Index3-Chlorophyll content4-Carbon isotope discrimination ash content5-Osmotic Adjustment6-Relative water content7- Canopy temperature8- Porometer (Leaf temperature Relative Humidity Quantum yield stomatal resistance Transpiration Stomatal conductance )9-Fluorescence (F0 Fm Fv F0Fv= quenchingphoto-inhibition FvFm= photochemical efficiency Tfm)

12-Spectral Radiometry Chlorophyll content R550 Carotene content R675-680 Water Index WI Biomass (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) NDVI SR Ratio of WINDVI WINDVI Biomass (Simple Ratio) SR Photochemical Reflectance Index PRI Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll800 SIPI (senescence) Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll680 NPCI (senescence) Chlorophyll Degradation NPQI Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index SAVI________________________________________________________________________________________SR NDVI amp SAVI these indices are related to green biomassNPCI SIPI amp NPQI these indices are related to Chlorophyll losses carotenes chlorophyll ratio and senscences

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Distances

POTHY12

POTOS12

RWC12

AO12

ASS12

NETPHOT12

GS12

CICA12

FPSII

PSIIFVFM

QPHOTOS

QNPHOTOS

BRC13

CHLORF

NETPHOSRF

GSRF

CIRF

POTHYRPCT

BRGY

RWCRFFVFMRF

Waterosmotic potential nonphotochemical quenching chlorophyll conconcentration rate for intercelular ambiant CO2 concentration

Carbon isotopic discrimination soluble sugars concentration

stomata conductance net photosynthesis osmotic adjustmentphotochemical quenching photochemical efficiency relative

water content intercelular CO2 concentration GRAIN YIELD

PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS LINKED WITH YIELDUNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

ICARDA

Phenotyping parental material for drought tolerance

Grain yield (Kgha) across durum testing sites

02000400060008000

10000120001400016000

GY09LP

GY09Br

GY09RF

GY09IN

C GY09

KF GY09

EP GY09

TR GY09

EBN GY09

GH G

rain

yie

ld (K

gha

)

Mean grain yield Max grain yield

ICARDA

Mean and Maximum grain yields (kgha) of Lahn x Cham1 Mapping Population across sites x yerars in the Mediterranean Region

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

ICBR07ICBR06

MASEA07ICBR05TNRF0

6SYIZR07MAMR06

ICTH07

ICTH06

TNRF05ITARG07

SYIZ06

ITB007TNIR05ITCR05ITLR

C07 IC

TH05MATS07

TNRF07SYGB07

TNIR06SYGB06

TNIR07SYIDL07

ITBO06ITBO05

Mean (kgha)

Max (kgha)

Moderate drought

Severe drought

Favorable

Very favorable

Selection () for Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Durum x Wild Relatives Crosses

YR= Yellow rust ST= Septoria tritici WSSF= Wheat stem sawflyC= Cold D= Drought LR= leaf rust SR= stem rust H= Heat

Aegilo

ps Ssp

T m

onococc

um

T dico

ccoides

T dico

ccum

T cart

hlicum

T polonicu

m

T arar

aticu

m

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Winter Screening YR ST WSSF C DSummer Screening LR SR H BYDV

ICARDA

Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with TriticumTriticumTriticum wild relativeswild relativeswild relatives

bull Triticum dicoccoidesbull Triticum carthlicumbull T dicoccumbull T araraticumbull T urartubull T monococcumbull Aegilops

peregrinacylindros vavilovii biuncialis columnaris amp triuncialis

R e la t io n s h ip b e t w e e n G Y a n d t e m p e r a t u r e a t w h ic h P S I I u n d e r g o e s t h e r m a l

d e n a t u r a t io n

F a d d a 9 8

M a s s a r a -1

Y ie ld C h e n A l t a r 8 4 G i l 4 ( t h a - 1 ) S t j 4 S t j 2 6 1 -1 3 0 4 1 4 -4 4 C a k 7 9

T c ( deg C )

3 5

0

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

4 1 5 4 2 0 4 2 5 4 3 0 4 3 5 4 4 0 4 4 5 4 5 0

r = 0 5 3

ICARDA

Ability to penetrate Hardpan Soil by Durum Landraces Improved cultivars and Triticum dicoccoides

000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Belikh

-2Kunduru

Lahn

Cham1

Zenati

boutei

lleOmrab

i5Cam

adi abu

Jennah

Khetifa

T dico

ccoides

Korifla

Haurani

Number of roots penetrating through VaselineParaffin disc (mixture of 40 paraffin and 60 Vaseline)

5 cm

03 cm

10 cm

PV disc

6 cmNon-woven

fabric

ADYT09 Cross Name IC90SR IC90LR DZ90SR LP09GY over Korifla

312 Icajihan39 R R MR 1406 178

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1339 170

223 Icasyr-14AssassaWahaBrch3Bicrederaa1 R R R 1173 149

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1155 146

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1121 142

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan1 R R MR 1097 139

215 IcalmorH5-69 R R R 1094 139

719 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch R R R 1079 137

303 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm = Icajihan11 R MS R 1079 137

101 Mra-14Aus13ScarGdoVZ579Bit R R R 1070 136

814 Icasyr-1Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1049 133

319 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1046 133

901 Marsyr-3Murlagost-2 R R R 1036 131

415 QuarmalGbch-23Mrf2Normal HamariBcrLks4 R R R 1021 129

1005 Geruftel-2 R R MR 988 125

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 789 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 733 93

Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate

ICARDA

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Selection for heat tolerance

05

1015202530354045

15-12

704

22-28

704

297-

4804

5-118

0412

-188

0419

-258

0426

8-19

042-8

904

9-159

0416

-229

0423

-299

0430

9-61

0047-1

0100

4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Precipitation Evap Mintemp Avtemp Maxtemp

Physiology Screening techniques used in the ICARDAdurumbreeding program

1-Photosynthesis2-Leaf Rolling Index3-Chlorophyll content4-Carbon isotope discrimination ash content5-Osmotic Adjustment6-Relative water content7- Canopy temperature8- Porometer (Leaf temperature Relative Humidity Quantum yield stomatal resistance Transpiration Stomatal conductance )9-Fluorescence (F0 Fm Fv F0Fv= quenchingphoto-inhibition FvFm= photochemical efficiency Tfm)

12-Spectral Radiometry Chlorophyll content R550 Carotene content R675-680 Water Index WI Biomass (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) NDVI SR Ratio of WINDVI WINDVI Biomass (Simple Ratio) SR Photochemical Reflectance Index PRI Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll800 SIPI (senescence) Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll680 NPCI (senescence) Chlorophyll Degradation NPQI Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index SAVI________________________________________________________________________________________SR NDVI amp SAVI these indices are related to green biomassNPCI SIPI amp NPQI these indices are related to Chlorophyll losses carotenes chlorophyll ratio and senscences

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Distances

POTHY12

POTOS12

RWC12

AO12

ASS12

NETPHOT12

GS12

CICA12

FPSII

PSIIFVFM

QPHOTOS

QNPHOTOS

BRC13

CHLORF

NETPHOSRF

GSRF

CIRF

POTHYRPCT

BRGY

RWCRFFVFMRF

Waterosmotic potential nonphotochemical quenching chlorophyll conconcentration rate for intercelular ambiant CO2 concentration

Carbon isotopic discrimination soluble sugars concentration

stomata conductance net photosynthesis osmotic adjustmentphotochemical quenching photochemical efficiency relative

water content intercelular CO2 concentration GRAIN YIELD

PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS LINKED WITH YIELDUNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

ICARDA

Phenotyping parental material for drought tolerance

Grain yield (Kgha) across durum testing sites

02000400060008000

10000120001400016000

GY09LP

GY09Br

GY09RF

GY09IN

C GY09

KF GY09

EP GY09

TR GY09

EBN GY09

GH G

rain

yie

ld (K

gha

)

Mean grain yield Max grain yield

ICARDA

Mean and Maximum grain yields (kgha) of Lahn x Cham1 Mapping Population across sites x yerars in the Mediterranean Region

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

ICBR07ICBR06

MASEA07ICBR05TNRF0

6SYIZR07MAMR06

ICTH07

ICTH06

TNRF05ITARG07

SYIZ06

ITB007TNIR05ITCR05ITLR

C07 IC

TH05MATS07

TNRF07SYGB07

TNIR06SYGB06

TNIR07SYIDL07

ITBO06ITBO05

Mean (kgha)

Max (kgha)

Moderate drought

Severe drought

Favorable

Very favorable

Selection () for Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Durum x Wild Relatives Crosses

YR= Yellow rust ST= Septoria tritici WSSF= Wheat stem sawflyC= Cold D= Drought LR= leaf rust SR= stem rust H= Heat

Aegilo

ps Ssp

T m

onococc

um

T dico

ccoides

T dico

ccum

T cart

hlicum

T polonicu

m

T arar

aticu

m

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Winter Screening YR ST WSSF C DSummer Screening LR SR H BYDV

ICARDA

Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with TriticumTriticumTriticum wild relativeswild relativeswild relatives

bull Triticum dicoccoidesbull Triticum carthlicumbull T dicoccumbull T araraticumbull T urartubull T monococcumbull Aegilops

peregrinacylindros vavilovii biuncialis columnaris amp triuncialis

R e la t io n s h ip b e t w e e n G Y a n d t e m p e r a t u r e a t w h ic h P S I I u n d e r g o e s t h e r m a l

d e n a t u r a t io n

F a d d a 9 8

M a s s a r a -1

Y ie ld C h e n A l t a r 8 4 G i l 4 ( t h a - 1 ) S t j 4 S t j 2 6 1 -1 3 0 4 1 4 -4 4 C a k 7 9

T c ( deg C )

3 5

0

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

4 1 5 4 2 0 4 2 5 4 3 0 4 3 5 4 4 0 4 4 5 4 5 0

r = 0 5 3

ICARDA

Ability to penetrate Hardpan Soil by Durum Landraces Improved cultivars and Triticum dicoccoides

000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Belikh

-2Kunduru

Lahn

Cham1

Zenati

boutei

lleOmrab

i5Cam

adi abu

Jennah

Khetifa

T dico

ccoides

Korifla

Haurani

Number of roots penetrating through VaselineParaffin disc (mixture of 40 paraffin and 60 Vaseline)

5 cm

03 cm

10 cm

PV disc

6 cmNon-woven

fabric

ADYT09 Cross Name IC90SR IC90LR DZ90SR LP09GY over Korifla

312 Icajihan39 R R MR 1406 178

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1339 170

223 Icasyr-14AssassaWahaBrch3Bicrederaa1 R R R 1173 149

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1155 146

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1121 142

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan1 R R MR 1097 139

215 IcalmorH5-69 R R R 1094 139

719 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch R R R 1079 137

303 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm = Icajihan11 R MS R 1079 137

101 Mra-14Aus13ScarGdoVZ579Bit R R R 1070 136

814 Icasyr-1Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1049 133

319 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1046 133

901 Marsyr-3Murlagost-2 R R R 1036 131

415 QuarmalGbch-23Mrf2Normal HamariBcrLks4 R R R 1021 129

1005 Geruftel-2 R R MR 988 125

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 789 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 733 93

Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate

ICARDA

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Physiology Screening techniques used in the ICARDAdurumbreeding program

1-Photosynthesis2-Leaf Rolling Index3-Chlorophyll content4-Carbon isotope discrimination ash content5-Osmotic Adjustment6-Relative water content7- Canopy temperature8- Porometer (Leaf temperature Relative Humidity Quantum yield stomatal resistance Transpiration Stomatal conductance )9-Fluorescence (F0 Fm Fv F0Fv= quenchingphoto-inhibition FvFm= photochemical efficiency Tfm)

12-Spectral Radiometry Chlorophyll content R550 Carotene content R675-680 Water Index WI Biomass (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) NDVI SR Ratio of WINDVI WINDVI Biomass (Simple Ratio) SR Photochemical Reflectance Index PRI Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll800 SIPI (senescence) Relation of CaroteneChlorophyll680 NPCI (senescence) Chlorophyll Degradation NPQI Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index SAVI________________________________________________________________________________________SR NDVI amp SAVI these indices are related to green biomassNPCI SIPI amp NPQI these indices are related to Chlorophyll losses carotenes chlorophyll ratio and senscences

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Distances

POTHY12

POTOS12

RWC12

AO12

ASS12

NETPHOT12

GS12

CICA12

FPSII

PSIIFVFM

QPHOTOS

QNPHOTOS

BRC13

CHLORF

NETPHOSRF

GSRF

CIRF

POTHYRPCT

BRGY

RWCRFFVFMRF

Waterosmotic potential nonphotochemical quenching chlorophyll conconcentration rate for intercelular ambiant CO2 concentration

Carbon isotopic discrimination soluble sugars concentration

stomata conductance net photosynthesis osmotic adjustmentphotochemical quenching photochemical efficiency relative

water content intercelular CO2 concentration GRAIN YIELD

PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS LINKED WITH YIELDUNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

ICARDA

Phenotyping parental material for drought tolerance

Grain yield (Kgha) across durum testing sites

02000400060008000

10000120001400016000

GY09LP

GY09Br

GY09RF

GY09IN

C GY09

KF GY09

EP GY09

TR GY09

EBN GY09

GH G

rain

yie

ld (K

gha

)

Mean grain yield Max grain yield

ICARDA

Mean and Maximum grain yields (kgha) of Lahn x Cham1 Mapping Population across sites x yerars in the Mediterranean Region

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

ICBR07ICBR06

MASEA07ICBR05TNRF0

6SYIZR07MAMR06

ICTH07

ICTH06

TNRF05ITARG07

SYIZ06

ITB007TNIR05ITCR05ITLR

C07 IC

TH05MATS07

TNRF07SYGB07

TNIR06SYGB06

TNIR07SYIDL07

ITBO06ITBO05

Mean (kgha)

Max (kgha)

Moderate drought

Severe drought

Favorable

Very favorable

Selection () for Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Durum x Wild Relatives Crosses

YR= Yellow rust ST= Septoria tritici WSSF= Wheat stem sawflyC= Cold D= Drought LR= leaf rust SR= stem rust H= Heat

Aegilo

ps Ssp

T m

onococc

um

T dico

ccoides

T dico

ccum

T cart

hlicum

T polonicu

m

T arar

aticu

m

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Winter Screening YR ST WSSF C DSummer Screening LR SR H BYDV

ICARDA

Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with TriticumTriticumTriticum wild relativeswild relativeswild relatives

bull Triticum dicoccoidesbull Triticum carthlicumbull T dicoccumbull T araraticumbull T urartubull T monococcumbull Aegilops

peregrinacylindros vavilovii biuncialis columnaris amp triuncialis

R e la t io n s h ip b e t w e e n G Y a n d t e m p e r a t u r e a t w h ic h P S I I u n d e r g o e s t h e r m a l

d e n a t u r a t io n

F a d d a 9 8

M a s s a r a -1

Y ie ld C h e n A l t a r 8 4 G i l 4 ( t h a - 1 ) S t j 4 S t j 2 6 1 -1 3 0 4 1 4 -4 4 C a k 7 9

T c ( deg C )

3 5

0

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

4 1 5 4 2 0 4 2 5 4 3 0 4 3 5 4 4 0 4 4 5 4 5 0

r = 0 5 3

ICARDA

Ability to penetrate Hardpan Soil by Durum Landraces Improved cultivars and Triticum dicoccoides

000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Belikh

-2Kunduru

Lahn

Cham1

Zenati

boutei

lleOmrab

i5Cam

adi abu

Jennah

Khetifa

T dico

ccoides

Korifla

Haurani

Number of roots penetrating through VaselineParaffin disc (mixture of 40 paraffin and 60 Vaseline)

5 cm

03 cm

10 cm

PV disc

6 cmNon-woven

fabric

ADYT09 Cross Name IC90SR IC90LR DZ90SR LP09GY over Korifla

312 Icajihan39 R R MR 1406 178

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1339 170

223 Icasyr-14AssassaWahaBrch3Bicrederaa1 R R R 1173 149

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1155 146

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1121 142

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan1 R R MR 1097 139

215 IcalmorH5-69 R R R 1094 139

719 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch R R R 1079 137

303 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm = Icajihan11 R MS R 1079 137

101 Mra-14Aus13ScarGdoVZ579Bit R R R 1070 136

814 Icasyr-1Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1049 133

319 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1046 133

901 Marsyr-3Murlagost-2 R R R 1036 131

415 QuarmalGbch-23Mrf2Normal HamariBcrLks4 R R R 1021 129

1005 Geruftel-2 R R MR 988 125

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 789 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 733 93

Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate

ICARDA

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Distances

POTHY12

POTOS12

RWC12

AO12

ASS12

NETPHOT12

GS12

CICA12

FPSII

PSIIFVFM

QPHOTOS

QNPHOTOS

BRC13

CHLORF

NETPHOSRF

GSRF

CIRF

POTHYRPCT

BRGY

RWCRFFVFMRF

Waterosmotic potential nonphotochemical quenching chlorophyll conconcentration rate for intercelular ambiant CO2 concentration

Carbon isotopic discrimination soluble sugars concentration

stomata conductance net photosynthesis osmotic adjustmentphotochemical quenching photochemical efficiency relative

water content intercelular CO2 concentration GRAIN YIELD

PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS LINKED WITH YIELDUNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

ICARDA

Phenotyping parental material for drought tolerance

Grain yield (Kgha) across durum testing sites

02000400060008000

10000120001400016000

GY09LP

GY09Br

GY09RF

GY09IN

C GY09

KF GY09

EP GY09

TR GY09

EBN GY09

GH G

rain

yie

ld (K

gha

)

Mean grain yield Max grain yield

ICARDA

Mean and Maximum grain yields (kgha) of Lahn x Cham1 Mapping Population across sites x yerars in the Mediterranean Region

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

ICBR07ICBR06

MASEA07ICBR05TNRF0

6SYIZR07MAMR06

ICTH07

ICTH06

TNRF05ITARG07

SYIZ06

ITB007TNIR05ITCR05ITLR

C07 IC

TH05MATS07

TNRF07SYGB07

TNIR06SYGB06

TNIR07SYIDL07

ITBO06ITBO05

Mean (kgha)

Max (kgha)

Moderate drought

Severe drought

Favorable

Very favorable

Selection () for Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Durum x Wild Relatives Crosses

YR= Yellow rust ST= Septoria tritici WSSF= Wheat stem sawflyC= Cold D= Drought LR= leaf rust SR= stem rust H= Heat

Aegilo

ps Ssp

T m

onococc

um

T dico

ccoides

T dico

ccum

T cart

hlicum

T polonicu

m

T arar

aticu

m

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Winter Screening YR ST WSSF C DSummer Screening LR SR H BYDV

ICARDA

Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with TriticumTriticumTriticum wild relativeswild relativeswild relatives

bull Triticum dicoccoidesbull Triticum carthlicumbull T dicoccumbull T araraticumbull T urartubull T monococcumbull Aegilops

peregrinacylindros vavilovii biuncialis columnaris amp triuncialis

R e la t io n s h ip b e t w e e n G Y a n d t e m p e r a t u r e a t w h ic h P S I I u n d e r g o e s t h e r m a l

d e n a t u r a t io n

F a d d a 9 8

M a s s a r a -1

Y ie ld C h e n A l t a r 8 4 G i l 4 ( t h a - 1 ) S t j 4 S t j 2 6 1 -1 3 0 4 1 4 -4 4 C a k 7 9

T c ( deg C )

3 5

0

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

4 1 5 4 2 0 4 2 5 4 3 0 4 3 5 4 4 0 4 4 5 4 5 0

r = 0 5 3

ICARDA

Ability to penetrate Hardpan Soil by Durum Landraces Improved cultivars and Triticum dicoccoides

000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Belikh

-2Kunduru

Lahn

Cham1

Zenati

boutei

lleOmrab

i5Cam

adi abu

Jennah

Khetifa

T dico

ccoides

Korifla

Haurani

Number of roots penetrating through VaselineParaffin disc (mixture of 40 paraffin and 60 Vaseline)

5 cm

03 cm

10 cm

PV disc

6 cmNon-woven

fabric

ADYT09 Cross Name IC90SR IC90LR DZ90SR LP09GY over Korifla

312 Icajihan39 R R MR 1406 178

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1339 170

223 Icasyr-14AssassaWahaBrch3Bicrederaa1 R R R 1173 149

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1155 146

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1121 142

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan1 R R MR 1097 139

215 IcalmorH5-69 R R R 1094 139

719 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch R R R 1079 137

303 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm = Icajihan11 R MS R 1079 137

101 Mra-14Aus13ScarGdoVZ579Bit R R R 1070 136

814 Icasyr-1Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1049 133

319 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1046 133

901 Marsyr-3Murlagost-2 R R R 1036 131

415 QuarmalGbch-23Mrf2Normal HamariBcrLks4 R R R 1021 129

1005 Geruftel-2 R R MR 988 125

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 789 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 733 93

Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate

ICARDA

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Grain yield (Kgha) across durum testing sites

02000400060008000

10000120001400016000

GY09LP

GY09Br

GY09RF

GY09IN

C GY09

KF GY09

EP GY09

TR GY09

EBN GY09

GH G

rain

yie

ld (K

gha

)

Mean grain yield Max grain yield

ICARDA

Mean and Maximum grain yields (kgha) of Lahn x Cham1 Mapping Population across sites x yerars in the Mediterranean Region

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

ICBR07ICBR06

MASEA07ICBR05TNRF0

6SYIZR07MAMR06

ICTH07

ICTH06

TNRF05ITARG07

SYIZ06

ITB007TNIR05ITCR05ITLR

C07 IC

TH05MATS07

TNRF07SYGB07

TNIR06SYGB06

TNIR07SYIDL07

ITBO06ITBO05

Mean (kgha)

Max (kgha)

Moderate drought

Severe drought

Favorable

Very favorable

Selection () for Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Durum x Wild Relatives Crosses

YR= Yellow rust ST= Septoria tritici WSSF= Wheat stem sawflyC= Cold D= Drought LR= leaf rust SR= stem rust H= Heat

Aegilo

ps Ssp

T m

onococc

um

T dico

ccoides

T dico

ccum

T cart

hlicum

T polonicu

m

T arar

aticu

m

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Winter Screening YR ST WSSF C DSummer Screening LR SR H BYDV

ICARDA

Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with TriticumTriticumTriticum wild relativeswild relativeswild relatives

bull Triticum dicoccoidesbull Triticum carthlicumbull T dicoccumbull T araraticumbull T urartubull T monococcumbull Aegilops

peregrinacylindros vavilovii biuncialis columnaris amp triuncialis

R e la t io n s h ip b e t w e e n G Y a n d t e m p e r a t u r e a t w h ic h P S I I u n d e r g o e s t h e r m a l

d e n a t u r a t io n

F a d d a 9 8

M a s s a r a -1

Y ie ld C h e n A l t a r 8 4 G i l 4 ( t h a - 1 ) S t j 4 S t j 2 6 1 -1 3 0 4 1 4 -4 4 C a k 7 9

T c ( deg C )

3 5

0

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

4 1 5 4 2 0 4 2 5 4 3 0 4 3 5 4 4 0 4 4 5 4 5 0

r = 0 5 3

ICARDA

Ability to penetrate Hardpan Soil by Durum Landraces Improved cultivars and Triticum dicoccoides

000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Belikh

-2Kunduru

Lahn

Cham1

Zenati

boutei

lleOmrab

i5Cam

adi abu

Jennah

Khetifa

T dico

ccoides

Korifla

Haurani

Number of roots penetrating through VaselineParaffin disc (mixture of 40 paraffin and 60 Vaseline)

5 cm

03 cm

10 cm

PV disc

6 cmNon-woven

fabric

ADYT09 Cross Name IC90SR IC90LR DZ90SR LP09GY over Korifla

312 Icajihan39 R R MR 1406 178

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1339 170

223 Icasyr-14AssassaWahaBrch3Bicrederaa1 R R R 1173 149

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1155 146

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1121 142

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan1 R R MR 1097 139

215 IcalmorH5-69 R R R 1094 139

719 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch R R R 1079 137

303 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm = Icajihan11 R MS R 1079 137

101 Mra-14Aus13ScarGdoVZ579Bit R R R 1070 136

814 Icasyr-1Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1049 133

319 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1046 133

901 Marsyr-3Murlagost-2 R R R 1036 131

415 QuarmalGbch-23Mrf2Normal HamariBcrLks4 R R R 1021 129

1005 Geruftel-2 R R MR 988 125

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 789 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 733 93

Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate

ICARDA

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Mean and Maximum grain yields (kgha) of Lahn x Cham1 Mapping Population across sites x yerars in the Mediterranean Region

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

ICBR07ICBR06

MASEA07ICBR05TNRF0

6SYIZR07MAMR06

ICTH07

ICTH06

TNRF05ITARG07

SYIZ06

ITB007TNIR05ITCR05ITLR

C07 IC

TH05MATS07

TNRF07SYGB07

TNIR06SYGB06

TNIR07SYIDL07

ITBO06ITBO05

Mean (kgha)

Max (kgha)

Moderate drought

Severe drought

Favorable

Very favorable

Selection () for Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Durum x Wild Relatives Crosses

YR= Yellow rust ST= Septoria tritici WSSF= Wheat stem sawflyC= Cold D= Drought LR= leaf rust SR= stem rust H= Heat

Aegilo

ps Ssp

T m

onococc

um

T dico

ccoides

T dico

ccum

T cart

hlicum

T polonicu

m

T arar

aticu

m

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Winter Screening YR ST WSSF C DSummer Screening LR SR H BYDV

ICARDA

Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with TriticumTriticumTriticum wild relativeswild relativeswild relatives

bull Triticum dicoccoidesbull Triticum carthlicumbull T dicoccumbull T araraticumbull T urartubull T monococcumbull Aegilops

peregrinacylindros vavilovii biuncialis columnaris amp triuncialis

R e la t io n s h ip b e t w e e n G Y a n d t e m p e r a t u r e a t w h ic h P S I I u n d e r g o e s t h e r m a l

d e n a t u r a t io n

F a d d a 9 8

M a s s a r a -1

Y ie ld C h e n A l t a r 8 4 G i l 4 ( t h a - 1 ) S t j 4 S t j 2 6 1 -1 3 0 4 1 4 -4 4 C a k 7 9

T c ( deg C )

3 5

0

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

4 1 5 4 2 0 4 2 5 4 3 0 4 3 5 4 4 0 4 4 5 4 5 0

r = 0 5 3

ICARDA

Ability to penetrate Hardpan Soil by Durum Landraces Improved cultivars and Triticum dicoccoides

000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Belikh

-2Kunduru

Lahn

Cham1

Zenati

boutei

lleOmrab

i5Cam

adi abu

Jennah

Khetifa

T dico

ccoides

Korifla

Haurani

Number of roots penetrating through VaselineParaffin disc (mixture of 40 paraffin and 60 Vaseline)

5 cm

03 cm

10 cm

PV disc

6 cmNon-woven

fabric

ADYT09 Cross Name IC90SR IC90LR DZ90SR LP09GY over Korifla

312 Icajihan39 R R MR 1406 178

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1339 170

223 Icasyr-14AssassaWahaBrch3Bicrederaa1 R R R 1173 149

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1155 146

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1121 142

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan1 R R MR 1097 139

215 IcalmorH5-69 R R R 1094 139

719 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch R R R 1079 137

303 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm = Icajihan11 R MS R 1079 137

101 Mra-14Aus13ScarGdoVZ579Bit R R R 1070 136

814 Icasyr-1Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1049 133

319 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1046 133

901 Marsyr-3Murlagost-2 R R R 1036 131

415 QuarmalGbch-23Mrf2Normal HamariBcrLks4 R R R 1021 129

1005 Geruftel-2 R R MR 988 125

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 789 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 733 93

Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate

ICARDA

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Selection () for Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Durum x Wild Relatives Crosses

YR= Yellow rust ST= Septoria tritici WSSF= Wheat stem sawflyC= Cold D= Drought LR= leaf rust SR= stem rust H= Heat

Aegilo

ps Ssp

T m

onococc

um

T dico

ccoides

T dico

ccum

T cart

hlicum

T polonicu

m

T arar

aticu

m

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Winter Screening YR ST WSSF C DSummer Screening LR SR H BYDV

ICARDA

Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with TriticumTriticumTriticum wild relativeswild relativeswild relatives

bull Triticum dicoccoidesbull Triticum carthlicumbull T dicoccumbull T araraticumbull T urartubull T monococcumbull Aegilops

peregrinacylindros vavilovii biuncialis columnaris amp triuncialis

R e la t io n s h ip b e t w e e n G Y a n d t e m p e r a t u r e a t w h ic h P S I I u n d e r g o e s t h e r m a l

d e n a t u r a t io n

F a d d a 9 8

M a s s a r a -1

Y ie ld C h e n A l t a r 8 4 G i l 4 ( t h a - 1 ) S t j 4 S t j 2 6 1 -1 3 0 4 1 4 -4 4 C a k 7 9

T c ( deg C )

3 5

0

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

4 1 5 4 2 0 4 2 5 4 3 0 4 3 5 4 4 0 4 4 5 4 5 0

r = 0 5 3

ICARDA

Ability to penetrate Hardpan Soil by Durum Landraces Improved cultivars and Triticum dicoccoides

000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Belikh

-2Kunduru

Lahn

Cham1

Zenati

boutei

lleOmrab

i5Cam

adi abu

Jennah

Khetifa

T dico

ccoides

Korifla

Haurani

Number of roots penetrating through VaselineParaffin disc (mixture of 40 paraffin and 60 Vaseline)

5 cm

03 cm

10 cm

PV disc

6 cmNon-woven

fabric

ADYT09 Cross Name IC90SR IC90LR DZ90SR LP09GY over Korifla

312 Icajihan39 R R MR 1406 178

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1339 170

223 Icasyr-14AssassaWahaBrch3Bicrederaa1 R R R 1173 149

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1155 146

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1121 142

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan1 R R MR 1097 139

215 IcalmorH5-69 R R R 1094 139

719 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch R R R 1079 137

303 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm = Icajihan11 R MS R 1079 137

101 Mra-14Aus13ScarGdoVZ579Bit R R R 1070 136

814 Icasyr-1Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1049 133

319 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1046 133

901 Marsyr-3Murlagost-2 R R R 1036 131

415 QuarmalGbch-23Mrf2Normal HamariBcrLks4 R R R 1021 129

1005 Geruftel-2 R R MR 988 125

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 789 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 733 93

Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate

ICARDA

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with Durum genotypes derived from crosses with TriticumTriticumTriticum wild relativeswild relativeswild relatives

bull Triticum dicoccoidesbull Triticum carthlicumbull T dicoccumbull T araraticumbull T urartubull T monococcumbull Aegilops

peregrinacylindros vavilovii biuncialis columnaris amp triuncialis

R e la t io n s h ip b e t w e e n G Y a n d t e m p e r a t u r e a t w h ic h P S I I u n d e r g o e s t h e r m a l

d e n a t u r a t io n

F a d d a 9 8

M a s s a r a -1

Y ie ld C h e n A l t a r 8 4 G i l 4 ( t h a - 1 ) S t j 4 S t j 2 6 1 -1 3 0 4 1 4 -4 4 C a k 7 9

T c ( deg C )

3 5

0

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

4 1 5 4 2 0 4 2 5 4 3 0 4 3 5 4 4 0 4 4 5 4 5 0

r = 0 5 3

ICARDA

Ability to penetrate Hardpan Soil by Durum Landraces Improved cultivars and Triticum dicoccoides

000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Belikh

-2Kunduru

Lahn

Cham1

Zenati

boutei

lleOmrab

i5Cam

adi abu

Jennah

Khetifa

T dico

ccoides

Korifla

Haurani

Number of roots penetrating through VaselineParaffin disc (mixture of 40 paraffin and 60 Vaseline)

5 cm

03 cm

10 cm

PV disc

6 cmNon-woven

fabric

ADYT09 Cross Name IC90SR IC90LR DZ90SR LP09GY over Korifla

312 Icajihan39 R R MR 1406 178

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1339 170

223 Icasyr-14AssassaWahaBrch3Bicrederaa1 R R R 1173 149

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1155 146

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1121 142

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan1 R R MR 1097 139

215 IcalmorH5-69 R R R 1094 139

719 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch R R R 1079 137

303 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm = Icajihan11 R MS R 1079 137

101 Mra-14Aus13ScarGdoVZ579Bit R R R 1070 136

814 Icasyr-1Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1049 133

319 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1046 133

901 Marsyr-3Murlagost-2 R R R 1036 131

415 QuarmalGbch-23Mrf2Normal HamariBcrLks4 R R R 1021 129

1005 Geruftel-2 R R MR 988 125

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 789 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 733 93

Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate

ICARDA

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

R e la t io n s h ip b e t w e e n G Y a n d t e m p e r a t u r e a t w h ic h P S I I u n d e r g o e s t h e r m a l

d e n a t u r a t io n

F a d d a 9 8

M a s s a r a -1

Y ie ld C h e n A l t a r 8 4 G i l 4 ( t h a - 1 ) S t j 4 S t j 2 6 1 -1 3 0 4 1 4 -4 4 C a k 7 9

T c ( deg C )

3 5

0

0 5

1 0

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

4 1 5 4 2 0 4 2 5 4 3 0 4 3 5 4 4 0 4 4 5 4 5 0

r = 0 5 3

ICARDA

Ability to penetrate Hardpan Soil by Durum Landraces Improved cultivars and Triticum dicoccoides

000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Belikh

-2Kunduru

Lahn

Cham1

Zenati

boutei

lleOmrab

i5Cam

adi abu

Jennah

Khetifa

T dico

ccoides

Korifla

Haurani

Number of roots penetrating through VaselineParaffin disc (mixture of 40 paraffin and 60 Vaseline)

5 cm

03 cm

10 cm

PV disc

6 cmNon-woven

fabric

ADYT09 Cross Name IC90SR IC90LR DZ90SR LP09GY over Korifla

312 Icajihan39 R R MR 1406 178

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1339 170

223 Icasyr-14AssassaWahaBrch3Bicrederaa1 R R R 1173 149

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1155 146

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1121 142

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan1 R R MR 1097 139

215 IcalmorH5-69 R R R 1094 139

719 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch R R R 1079 137

303 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm = Icajihan11 R MS R 1079 137

101 Mra-14Aus13ScarGdoVZ579Bit R R R 1070 136

814 Icasyr-1Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1049 133

319 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1046 133

901 Marsyr-3Murlagost-2 R R R 1036 131

415 QuarmalGbch-23Mrf2Normal HamariBcrLks4 R R R 1021 129

1005 Geruftel-2 R R MR 988 125

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 789 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 733 93

Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate

ICARDA

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Ability to penetrate Hardpan Soil by Durum Landraces Improved cultivars and Triticum dicoccoides

000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Belikh

-2Kunduru

Lahn

Cham1

Zenati

boutei

lleOmrab

i5Cam

adi abu

Jennah

Khetifa

T dico

ccoides

Korifla

Haurani

Number of roots penetrating through VaselineParaffin disc (mixture of 40 paraffin and 60 Vaseline)

5 cm

03 cm

10 cm

PV disc

6 cmNon-woven

fabric

ADYT09 Cross Name IC90SR IC90LR DZ90SR LP09GY over Korifla

312 Icajihan39 R R MR 1406 178

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1339 170

223 Icasyr-14AssassaWahaBrch3Bicrederaa1 R R R 1173 149

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1155 146

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1121 142

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan1 R R MR 1097 139

215 IcalmorH5-69 R R R 1094 139

719 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch R R R 1079 137

303 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm = Icajihan11 R MS R 1079 137

101 Mra-14Aus13ScarGdoVZ579Bit R R R 1070 136

814 Icasyr-1Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1049 133

319 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1046 133

901 Marsyr-3Murlagost-2 R R R 1036 131

415 QuarmalGbch-23Mrf2Normal HamariBcrLks4 R R R 1021 129

1005 Geruftel-2 R R MR 988 125

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 789 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 733 93

Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate

ICARDA

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

ADYT09 Cross Name IC90SR IC90LR DZ90SR LP09GY over Korifla

312 Icajihan39 R R MR 1406 178

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1339 170

223 Icasyr-14AssassaWahaBrch3Bicrederaa1 R R R 1173 149

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1155 146

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1121 142

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan1 R R MR 1097 139

215 IcalmorH5-69 R R R 1094 139

719 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch R R R 1079 137

303 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm = Icajihan11 R MS R 1079 137

101 Mra-14Aus13ScarGdoVZ579Bit R R R 1070 136

814 Icasyr-1Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1049 133

319 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R MR 1046 133

901 Marsyr-3Murlagost-2 R R R 1036 131

415 QuarmalGbch-23Mrf2Normal HamariBcrLks4 R R R 1021 129

1005 Geruftel-2 R R MR 988 125

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 789 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 733 93

Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate

ICARDA

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Durum genotypes for variable environmentsDurum genotypes for variable environmentsCombining yield potential with drought x heat toleranceCombining yield potential with drought x heat tolerance

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Durum genotypes for variable environments combiningDurum genotypes for variable environments combiningyield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)

ADYT09 Cross Name IC09SR IC09LR DZ09SR BR09GY over Korifla

114 Ysf-1Otb-6 R R MR 2218 199

113 Aghrass-13Mrf1Mrb16Ru R R MR 1842 166

115 Mgnl3Aghrass2 R MS MR 1788 161

212 Icajihan26 MS R R 1636 147

119 Icajihan36 R R MR 1527 137

123 Adnan-2 R R R 1515 136

118 Icajihan32 MS R MR 1439 129

606 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 MS R R 1406 126

413 Icajihan1 R R R 1388 125

512 Mck-2Tilo-2Bcrch1Kund1149 R R MR 1376 124

204 Maamouri-2CI1155F4hellip MR R R 1355 122

209 Icajihan20 R R R 1355 122

912 Mrf1Stj2LahnHcn R R MR 1352 121

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 MR R MR 1333 120

205 Icajihan2 MR R R 1333 120

417 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 R R R 1318 119

208 Icajihan14 R R R 1318 119

806 Sebatel-2Wdz6Gil4 R R R 1303 117

621 CM829Cando cross-H25 = =Ica-milmus1 R MS MR 1303 117

313 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Krm =Icajihan R R MR 1297 117

Korifla (Check) VS VS MS 1112 100

Waha (Check) VS VS R 1064 96

ICARDA

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

En Name HD PH SS TS GY PC SDS SDSn TKW L b

121 Bcrch-13Mrf2BcrGro1 137 100 8 7 14200 137 360 49 402 857 176

821 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 137 100 7 8 14200 122 220 27 374 844 192

221 Icamor-TA04-63Bicrederaa-1 137 85 9 7 11733 144 200 29 386 854 171

818 Azeghar-2Murlagost-2 135 95 8 9 11580 127 240 30 365 845 194

418 Geromtel-1Icasyr-1 136 100 9 7 11000 125 160 20 392 816 174

812 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 139 100 7 8 11000 138 200 28 477 870 177

123 Adnan-2 137 95 9 8 10950 131 120 16 292 844 183

122 13307Azn16Zna-15Awl14RuffJoCr3F93 137 100 9 8 10800 144 320 46 295 844 199

718 Sebatel-15Aristan3LahnGsStk4Brch 136 100 8 7 10575 128 200 26 404 854 173

312 Icajihan39 135 95 9 8 10500 130 260 34 426 836 168

605 Atlast1961081Icasyr-1 140 100 9 8 10360 136 200 27 458 840 212

813 Icasyr-13GcnStjMrb3 137 100 8 8 10350 135 200 27 485 855 179

310 Icajihan38 137 105 9 8 10285 125 280 35 448 836 157

315 Bicrederaa-1TavoliereGdr1 141 85 6 8 10200 141 320 45 333 830 174

117 Ter-1Mrf1Stj2 138 100 8 7 10100 139 240 33 339 848 175

305 Mrf1Stj231718BT24Karim 141 95 8 8 10085 132 300 40 423 829 173

613 Azeghar-1HFN94N-75VitronBicrederaa1 138 100 8 9 10000 150 200 30 341 815 180

316 Waha (Check) 142 95 8 7 8300 140 180 25 342 826 189

820 Miki2 (Check) 137 100 8 9 11150 133 320 43 365 850 159

Durum genotypes combiningHigh yield potential with grain quality Ghab 2009

CV 134

LSD(5) 1529

0 5000 10000 15000Grain yiedl (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber o

f lin

es

ICARDA

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Grain Yield Performance of ADYT10 at Sids Egypt

Cluster Tree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Distances

CHLEGP70

CAROTENEEGP7

WIEGP70

NDVIEGP70

WINDVIEGP70

SREGP70

PRIEGP70

SIPIEGP70

NPCIEGP70

NPQIEGP70

SAVIEGP70

RVSIEGP70

RNVIEGP70CARIEGP70

MNWI1EGP70MNWI2EGP70

KGHATKW

TW

KGHA TKW TWMinimum 7314286 39000 610000Maximum 15400000 67500 860000Mean 11764643 52188 750400Standard Dev 1619491 5384 52696

70008000

900010000

1100012000

1300014000

1500016000

GY (kgha)

0

10

20

30

40N

umbe

r of l

ines

00

01

02

03

Proportion per Bar

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Technology to Increase Durum Grain Yieldin Dryland (Improved Cultivar amp Rotation with Hay Vetch)

Kgha

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

LR(Hrn

)

IC(C

ham5)

IC+SI (7

0mm)

STPD+RHV

New STPD + R

HV

LR= Landrace Haurani IC= improved cultivar IC+SI= Improved cultivar + Supl Irrigation (70 mm) STPD + RHV= Stress tolerant amp Productive Durums + Rotation with Hay Vetch

G(STPCV)+M(SWN)

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

005

115

225

335

4

1977 1987 1997 2007

Area (mha) Yield (tha)) Production (mt)

Impact on production in SyriaArea Grain Yield amp Production of Durum over the last 30 Years

Major Varieties in Commercial Production 1977 HauraniGezira 1987 HauraniCham1 1997 Cham3Cham1 2007 Cham3Cham5

ICARDA

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Stability plotMDHY vs Yield

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

RIL 2219RIL 2219

bull Transpires longer (E)bull Loose less water by stress (RWC gt 80)bull Keeps stomata open for longer (gs)bull Photosynthesises for longer (A RbLc)

Physiological traits

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Each line in the graph represent a gene (normalised gene expression)

11000 probes genes statistical significant and differentially expressed for the condition described (genotype x day of stress)

Transcriptome analysis

WP4WP4--Transcriptomics Transcriptomics (RRES)(RRES)

ICARDA

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

4BXbarc104

Xdupw167

Xubc856-2

Xdp34bp165

Xgwm570ac

Xgwm6a

Xgwm6b

Xgwm6d

Xbarc60

Xgwm6

Xgwm538

Xwmc47a

Xdp278bp200

Xwmc47

Xwmc380

Xbarc163

Xcfd39bp165

Xcdo1312d

Xcdo1312c

Xutv1441d

Xutv135c

Xgwm192

Xgwm165

Xgwm495

Xgwm112b

Xwmc35b

Xubc856-3

Xbcd221b

Xbcd327

Xdupw23

Xwmc617

Xwmc238bp175

Xwmc238bp180

Xbarc1045

Xdp23bp235

Xgwm368b

Xwg232c

Xcdo949

loxmjt

Xbarc193bp265

BM816121

XpWG23211bp440

XpWG23211bp420

Xksum24bp325

Xubc857C-0

Xwg232a

GYAVSIDSGYAVNV

GY99INC

GY00INCGY01IR

GYAVIR

GY01INCGY02INC

GY03INC

GY04INCGYAVINC

GY97RF

GY98RFGY99RF

GY00RF

GY01RFGY02RF

GY03RF

GY04RFGYAVRF

GY98BR

GY99BRGY00BR

GY01BR

GY02BRGY03BR

GY04BR

GYAVBRGY98LP

GY99LP

GY00LPGY01LP

GY04LP

GYAVLPGY98EP

GY00EP

GY02EPGY04EP

GYAVEP

GY98TRGY99TR

GY00TR

GY01TRGY02TR

GY03TR

GY04TRGYAVTR

GY99KF

GYAV

Plt00010lt00050lt00100lt00500Above

Increased effect from

cM0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

ICARDA

Hunting for QTLs 48 environments (sites x seasons)What traits are related to yield in stressed environments

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Co-localizations between mapped dESTs and QTLs for various traits on chromosome 4B relating to plant performance under drought

ICARDA

4B

961

LOD30

Xgwm6c4BLXgwm6a4BLXgwms6Xgwm5384BXgwm6b4BLXgwm6d4BLXPaggMcgg10XPaccMcga12Xcdo1312dXcdo1312cXutv135cXutv1441dXgwms165Xgwm4954BXgwm112b3BXbcd221bXbcd327XPaggMcag5Xgwm3684BXwg232cXcdo949LoxmjtXPacgMcag8

00

Interval analysis for traitsCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

1A 1B 2A 2B 3A3B 4A 4B5A5B6A6B 7A 7B

Regression for trait CID99RF jk

A

BF00

441

441

Marker loci on mapCID99RFCID99BRCID98LPCID98BR

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B

bull Rothamsted-UKbull INRA-Francebull USAID-USAbull Tuscia University-Italybull INRA-Marocbull Jordan University-Jordanbull ICARDA

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

2A 3A 4A 5A

1D 2D 4D 5D 6D 7D

2B

1A

3D

1B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

6A 7A

wwwwheatgenomeorg

FFuunnddeedd

November 2009

A strategy applied to the rest of the wheat genome

Conclusions amp Remarks1 Mediterranean basin will become hotter drier amp more variable

2 Warmer and drier winters exacerbate the effect of some diseases and insects

3 Biotic stresses that were specific to south Med are becoming constraints in north Med region

4 CVs selected under contrasting environments are yield promising under stressed and favorable environments

5 Landraces and wild relatives improved biomass yield and stresstolerance

6 Tolerance to stress yield stability and yield potential can be combined

7 Use of landraces and triticum wild relatives gene-pools and stress physiology improve adaptation to CC

8 RWC stomata conductance photosynthesis transpiration important for tolerance to water stress

9 4B chromosome important for drought tolerance in durum this haslead to join IWGSC to sequence 4B within 4Phoenicia initiative

The achievements of IFADICARDA Collaboration in Agriculture for Development to Improve Livelihoods of the Rural Poor in the Dry Areas Rome December 14 2007

• Breeders Perspective on Approach amp Application under Climate ChangeCase study breeding durum wheat for climate change in
• Outline
• Climate change in the Mediterranean basin
• Durum growing areas are projected to become drier hotter amp variable
• CC affecting crop duration amp exacerbating biotic stresses linked to mildwarm winters
• Annual fluctuations of precipitation over the mean at Tel Hadya (ICARDA main research station)
• Strategy to breed drought tolerant durum genotypes at ICARDA
• Durum Breeding selection environments - ICARDA
• Selection for heat tolerance
• Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate
• Durum genotypes for variable environments combining yield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)
• Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B
• Conclusions amp Remarks

The achievements of IFADICARDA Collaboration in Agriculture for Development to Improve Livelihoods of the Rural Poor in the Dry Areas Rome December 14 2007

• Breeders Perspective on Approach amp Application under Climate ChangeCase study breeding durum wheat for climate change in
• Outline
• Climate change in the Mediterranean basin
• Durum growing areas are projected to become drier hotter amp variable
• CC affecting crop duration amp exacerbating biotic stresses linked to mildwarm winters
• Annual fluctuations of precipitation over the mean at Tel Hadya (ICARDA main research station)
• Strategy to breed drought tolerant durum genotypes at ICARDA
• Durum Breeding selection environments - ICARDA
• Selection for heat tolerance
• Durum genotypes combining yield potential with heat tolerance amp rust resistance for the variable climate
• Durum genotypes for variable environments combining yield potential with drought tolerance amp rusts resistance (incl ug99)
• Joining the IWGSC Sequencing Initiative for 4B
• Conclusions amp Remarks