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POST 80S

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Content

I. GAME

II. Definition

III. Posts 80s Image

IV.Hot Issue among Post 80s

A. Politics

B. Employment

C. Housing

V.Solution

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Definition

Definition of Post 80s

In Hong Kong

broadly refers to the generation born in the 1980s, Hong Kong

people, especially the narrow sense is that social

movements active in the generation of young people.

In mainland

The Post-80s is a colloquial term which refers to the

generation whose members were born between 1980 to 1989

in Mainland China after the introduction of the One-child

policy.

Same &Difference

Life

The Post-80s ofMainland China witness the development and rise of China.

They live without high-tech around and material but life is simple and

substantial.

The Post-80s ofHong Kong Grew up with rich material because 70s Hong

Kong is one of the prosperous regions. They do not have a childhood which

lack of

material.

Advocate

The Post-80s ofMainland China advocate patriotism, justice and humanity.

The Post-80s ofHong Kong advocate democracy

Difficulties

The Post-80s of Mainland China and Hong Kong both have a problem of

economy, employment, housing, marriage and pregnancy

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Stand of building Express Rail Link

The Post-80s ofMainland China experience a great change of China getting

rich from poor. They watch the high-rise buildings going up and subway, high-

speed railway, highway, viaduct running north and south.

Also, they truly feel that the benefits of developing Shanghai, Beijing,

Shenzhen, Guangzhou and economic development zones and the

improvement of life conditions. Therefore, they believe Development is the

absolute principle which is advocated by Deng Xiaoping.

The Post-80s ofHong Kong live in a highly urbanized place so the

environment is destroyed rapidly. As the result, they begin to focus on

protecting Hong Kong's "original".

Cause1.The deep-seated problems in Hong Kong were delayed to resolve.

After the 1997 reunification of Hong Kong, the government has been sayingthat to achieve economic restructuring, but the objective results are

increasingly dependent on financial and real estate and the influence of large

consortia increase. Since a high land price policy resulted in a high

concentration of wealth, wealth gap become more serious .The government

has identified the financial sector leading the Hong Kong economy and there

are "four pillars" and "six major industry, but it does not take care of Post 80s

facing unemployment, low salaries and the plight of high property prices.

2.There is blind spot of the "ruling elite"mentality of Hong Kong

Government

Senior government officials do not communicate with public and believe their

own ideas blindly, so they hardly satisfy the requests ofPost 80s

3.Many young people lost reality direction when they face the fracture

of "upward mobility"ladde.

In the 60's and 70's, Hong Kong is full of opportunities for upward mobility. If

they work hard, there is always succeed. As it was the small number

of university students and the income of experts was great. with "97 Problems

" a large number of elite immigration, college graduates will soon be allowed

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to rise to the top job, and also in a more affordable price level, but also Home

Ownership Scheme, Sandwich Class Housing Scheme and other home

ownership assistance, hard work is rewarding.

4.The high expectations and intense competition of the immigrant

family of Post 80s.

Part of post 80s are emigrant. The return of "knowledge-based"professional

people in Hong Kong up to 50% increase in cases and the mainland of Hong

Kong tertiary institutions to attract more and more elite.There is a competition

between migrants.

5.Post 80s grow in a highly politicized environment.

The personality characteristics of post 80s in Hong Kong are affected by

politicization of our society, especially the radical factions.

6.The United States will continue to enhance Hong Kong's oppositional

political guidance and support from a variety.

A report from u.s. notes thatopposition should pave the way for the 2017Chief Executive election.

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Post 80s Image

Positive Negative

Politic andSocialOrientation

Social-minded,voice for community,Battle for socialjustice

Anti-establishment,Anti-government,Express view in aggressiveform

Thinking Brave, Rightful,

Strive for justice,Intense of Emotion

Rebellious, Confused,

Decadent, Cynical, Radical,Irrational

Disposition Guts, Strong-minded Discontent, Love to complaint,Individualism

Ability Clever, Smart,Creative, Well-educated

Spoiled, Poor working attitude,Fragile

Consumption Focus on appearanceand personal style

Cannot afford a property,Money-oriented, No deposit,Lack of sense of security

Use of Media Use new media tohold campaigneffectively

Indulge in computer gamesand internet

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POST 80scharacter:a) Aggressive behavior. For example, protestors tried to

ram their way through police lines and blocked tram traffic.

b) Always complain.c) Strong money concept. Most of the "post-80s"

respondents received tertiary education and are unhappy with

their jobs which have low salaries and long working hours.

d) Upholding their belief. The way the post-80s activistsexercised their civil rights in the name of freedom of speech and

right to protest

e) Squeamish and of weak character. Because parentstreat as the beloved "jewel" of the family, post-80s are

accustomed to having everything taken care of by their parents.

They are seldom taught to assume their own responsibilities and

are consequently deemed to be squeamish and of weak

character. If having any problem, they only find their parents to

solve. This make them to rely on the parents too much, cannot

be independent.1

f) Spontaneous. They cared about side matter, also dares toexpress them opinion. Because of the time change, the post-80sunderstood must express the opinion to be able on own initiative

to make the social progress. Therefore they cared about

extremely to politics.

Like this is had the society the improvement and the progress

opportunity2

g) Owes the organization sense and thediscipline. At the demonstration event may see the post-80sowes the organization sense and the discipline.

Because of theirs independent, them thought the correct matter

then can do. Makes them not to obey other people3

1

http://www.peopleforum.cn/redirect.php?tid=84394&goto=newpost2 http://www.expressrailtruth.com/new/190110-4.pdf3 http://www.expressrailtruth.com/new/190110-4.pdf

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Refer to News article:

XRL Railroading Consensus Its

Not Working4

(A)Hong Kong Its just a short railway spur, running 26 km

from Kowloon to the border with China. But it has ignited a

slew of protests and rallies which culminated in angry

crowds besieging the Legislative Council, trapping

lawmakers and government officials inside for six hours.

(B)Many of the protesters were not against the prospect of

constructing a rail link to Guangzhou, but were dissatisfiedwith the apparent inefficiency of the governments decision-

making.

`Post-80s' the generation of gloom5

(C)most of the "post-80s" respondents received tertiary

education and are unhappy with their jobs which have low

salaries and long working hours.

Hey, you're not talking about my

generation6

(D)The way the post-80s activists exercised their civil rights

in the name of freedom of speech and right to protest -

upholding their belief in any lofty political ideals for the

betterment of our society - should be encouraged.

4Featured Vox, Hong Kong Vox By Rich Macauleyon February 17, 2010http://www.vox-asia.com/news/2010/02/protests-no-match-for-legcos-rail-determination/5 The Standard, Scarlett Chiang http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?

pp_cat=30&art_id=93224&sid=26735119&con_type=16 The Standardhttp://www.expressrailtruth.com/new/190110-4.pdf

http://www.vox-asia.com/news/latest/random-vox/http://www.vox-asia.com/news/hong-kong/http://www.vox-asia.com/news/author/richmacauley/http://www.vox-asia.com/news/author/richmacauley/http://www.vox-asia.com/news/latest/random-vox/http://www.vox-asia.com/news/hong-kong/http://www.vox-asia.com/news/author/richmacauley/

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Hot Issue among Post 80s

A. PoliticsThey are activist in politics.

For example:

Anti- Express Railway

Young activists from the Post-80s Anti-Express Railway Group surrounded the building after

the funding was approved, and demanded to speak to transport chief Eva Cheng. In the

ensuing mayhem, some protesters tried to barge into the building, trapping Cheng inside for

hours.(Sit-in))

Save Central's Star Ferry pier in 2006 and Queen's Pier in 2007

For Queens Pier: At least 17 campaigners were chained

together, forcing police to use bolt-cutters to remove them. At

least seven protesters refused to leave the top of the pier's

roof, chanting slogans calling on the government to drop its

demolition plan,

Tertiary 2012

A group of university students join the by-election in 2010 to support

Five Constituencies Referendum

Fight against The Budget 2010-2011(Rally)

Support Ai Weiwei and Liu Xiaobo

the preservation of :

Lee Tung Street

Choi Yuen Tsuen Village Real political reform (on June 23)

A citizen-oriented Kowloon West Art district

News

Opposition to the Guangzhou-Hong Kong Express Rail Link

It is a movement and period of civil discontent in Hong Kong between

mid 2009 and early 2010.

Select groups of Hong Kong residents protested the proposed Hong

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Kong section of the Guangzhou-Hong Kong Express Rail Link

(abbreviated XRL), a high-speed railway that would link Hong Kong

with mainland China's growing high-speed rail network

Reprieve for Queen's Pier(the Standard)

About a dozen people stormed the

pier, demanding a halt to the

demolition and a meeting with

Secretary for Constitutional Affairs

Michael Suen Ming-yeung. They

occupied the site for about 24 hours.

They urged the government to halt

demolition work until a panel of

experts could convene to discuss whether the tower could be saved.

REFERENCE

http://www.hkpecs.org/eNewsDetail.asp?enews_id=686

http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?

option=com_content&view=article&id=372:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=415

http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?

http://www.hkpecs.org/eNewsDetail.asp?enews_id=686http://www.hkpecs.org/eNewsDetail.asp?enews_id=686http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=372:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=415http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=372:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=415http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=204:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=415http://www.hkpecs.org/eNewsDetail.asp?enews_id=686http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=372:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=415http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=372:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=415http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=204:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=415

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option=com_content&view=article&id=204:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=415

http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=204:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=415http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=204:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=415

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B. EmploymentAdvantages

The post-80s generally have____________________________They alsohave extensive knowledge in different fields.

Having grown up in the age of the Internet gives the post-80s

certain advantages.

Good at building online social networks

Know better than the older generation how to

__________________________________________, which enables them to

.

The post-80s have their potential to

.

ProblemsWhen the post-80s enter the labour market, they are

to find that they have dim promotion prospects because

. These young people, as a result, _.

Competition in the job market is . The post-

80s have to complete with talents form.

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SuggestionThe post-80s must be committed to

.

-Despite their higher educational qualifications, the post-80s

should .

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Work experience does count. Therefore, it is advisable for the

post-80s, who are inexperienced, to

.Post-80s victims of boss bullies:

Survey ( extract)By Wu Wencong (China Daily)

Updated: 2010-05-25 07:57

More than 70 percent of office workers encounter "emotional office abuse", three-

quarters of which are from the post-80s people, a survey conducted by

zhaopin.com says.

"Who hasn't been told stories of workers being deliberately7 harassed8?" said Sun

Yifei, a headhunter9in his 20s.

He said the most dramatic story he had heard was of a recent graduate, taken on

by an accounting firm.

"He ended up throwing his work in his manager's face and shouting, 'Fine, I quit!'

after receiving an impossible number of assignments10," Sun told METRO.

This so-called "emotional office abuse" is usually dealt out by superiors or peer

employees. It generally refers to non-violent forms of aggression11, often resulting

in depression and the end of a job.

Staff responding to the survey held a fairly unanimous12understanding of the

concept: "Applied pressure forcing people to quit their job voluntarily."

"I knew they wanted to fire us when they made us sign an agreement to accept a

30 percent cut in pay, only one year after I started," said Shen Chao, a former

employee of a Sino-Japan joint venture13, in his 20s.

"We had to sign the agreement to avoid being fired," he said. "The chance to train

in Japan, which was promised when we joined, was also cancelled."

Wang Wei, a psychologist from Beijing Guo Ao Psychological Hospital, believes the

post-80s generation are the main victims of office abuse.7Deliberately : done in a way that was planned, not by chance adverb

8Harassed : tired and anxious because you have too much to do adjective

9Headhunter : a person whose job is to find people with the necessary skills to work for a particular

company and to persuade them to join this company noun10

Assignment :a task or piece of work that somebody is given to do, usually as part of their job orstudiesnoun11

Aggression : a violent attack or threats by one country against another country

noun12

Unanimous

: if a group of people are unanimous, they all agree about something

adjective13

Joint venture : ; phrase

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14high-profile : receiving or involving a lot of attention adjective

15

Fragile

: weak and uncertain; easily destroyed or spoilt adjective

16Conflict : a situation in which people, groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or

argument noun

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Problem:

abuse

Abuser : /

Definition :

Purpose of abusing :

Examples : 1.

2.

3.

Solutions :

-

-

-

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Housing Problem

IntroductionStudy hard, work hard, buy your own home - this is the Hong Kong

dream, the mantra drilled into Hong Kong youngsters from an early

age. But many of the so-called post-80s generation are quickly

discovering the dream has turned sour. Unable to buy their own

flats, some are forced to live in shelters for the homeless; some

manage to rent a little flat with friends.

News ArticlePost-80s need HOS housing (Extracted fromChina Daily, Mar 1 2011)What is even more disturbing is the fact that our "post-80s" are now

faring worse than their predecessors in their economic fortunes

not only as they start their careers but also as they progress

through their careers. Upward mobility17 has slowed down but

continued to improve up to the post-75 generation. But it actually

has declined and the poverty rate has gone up for the post-80s. This

is a totally new phenomenon. To illustrate, 53.9 percent of those

born in 1976-80 earned a salary under HK$10,000 in their earlycareer phase (i.e. 21-25). This is the lowest point historically. Yet

64.41 percent of those born after 1980 earned less than HK$10,000

when they reached the 21-25 age group. This is even higher than

the 61.92 percent among those born in 1971-75 at the same phase

of their careers. Of those born between 1976-80, 1.57 percent

earned a monthly salary of HK$25,000 when they reached 21-25.

This is higher than the 1.519 percent among those born five years

earlier. Yet for the post-80s, this "accomplished rate" has fallen to1.11 percent.

Post-80s Gen in GZ, Ten People Share OneFlat (Extracted from Life Of Guang Zhou, Aug18 2008)

17 mobility: the ability to move easily from one place, social class, or job to another

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How to afford a shelter18? This is a question troubling many inGuangzhou these days. As housing prices hike, large numbers ofpeople have become mortgage19 slaves, or live in rented roomsstruggling to cover mounting bills.

Consequently it has become a major concern that the soaring house

prices will cause trouble for young members of the community,

particularly those born in the 1980s, as they enter the housing

market. Members of the post-80s generation have mostly just

embarked on their careers, earning modest incomes and

experiencing difficulties making ends meet. To make matters worse,

they are considered to be an incompetent and spoiled20 generation,

raised by doting parents.

But recently some post-80s people have shown that they can take

care of themselves by sharing accommodations, which might

suggest that this generation is stronger than previously assumed.

Li Chunping, Leng Chunlin, Li Lijuan and three other girls are

alumna; together they came to Guangzhou to work as intern

journalists this spring. At first, like many newcomers, they were

frightened by the high cost of living in Guangzhou. Even a tiny roomlocated in one of the poor inner city villages could cost up to

1500 per month.

However, ten people sharing one apartment creates plenty of

inconveniences. For instance, the eight girls only have five beds.

And because they are living with boys, lack of privacy and noise are

also obvious issues.

Article Written by a Post-80sBeing a junior, nor far from graduation, I have numerous obstacles

ahead of me, for example hunting for a job and a temporary house

for living. Status quo of skyrocketing house price definitely will be

attacked by many 80s who have low-income and are squashed into

18 shelter: the fact of having a place to live or stay, considered as a basic humanneed 19

mortgage: a legal agreement by which a bank or similar organization lends youmoney to buy a house 20 spoiled:

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a humble abode in an effort to get through the tough time after

graduation. Recently one piece of news demonstrated that even

somebody now were selling containers for shelter to students. When

I saw him, sorrow and indignation engulfed me. Our government

iterates for thousands of times that they will step up the efforts to

suppress rapidly climbing housing price, however, imminent

prospect is beyond our sight.

After watching the TV series nutshell, I suppose that it exaggerates

our miserable current situation. Haozao find a shortcut-being a

mistress of superior official to solve her sisters shelter, but this way

is immoral and not practical in daily life .Striving in major cities is a

lure, as well as being a white collar. Despite the factors of ourgovernment, I believe I will chose to stay in my hometown for a few

time and then go out to find another job on the premise of ability to

support monthly rental feem, but different people have different

opinion.

What I predict that our government will not and cannot tamp down

the housing price, as real estate is delicious prey many businessmen

in China tend to catch, in addition, real estate is our infrastructureproject which closely link with other crucial fields touching on

national economy. Some analyst deem housing price will be slide

after 40 year, but 80s will never enjoy a comfortable house before

80.

Plenty of boys are loaded with girlfriends aspiration to own a house.

Is there some ways to overturn the phenomenon? May be you will

question. It is not sensible to depend our governments on empty

promises. The only one we can change our mothers-in-law stubborn

attitude toward possessing of a house.

Public Housing ProblemBackgroundThe number of single post-80s applying for public housing has

rapidly increased; over 40% of these applicants even possess

tertiary qualification. This runs counter to public housing's

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original purpose namely assisting the grassroots. This prevailing

trend, moreover, may obstruct teenagers motivation for

development and improvement.

So, not only does the local government need to find out ways to

close application loophole, it also has to cure the root of the disease

by dealing with the high property prices and low social mobility.

EffectSuch behaviours of teenagers may bring damage to the entire

society, especially to the striving spirit of Hong Kong. Besides, it is

also unfair to the grassroots: The purpose of public housing is to

assist those with lower earning capacity in buying homes; university

students applying for public housing means more people are

competing for the limited resources, worsening the waiting time.Eventually, the government will have to allocate () more

resources for public housing, wasting public money.

Advice (to government)It is more important to cure the disease rather than the symptoms.

The government not only has to close loopholes existing in public

housing, but also has to solve deep-rooted problems like high

property prices and low social mobility. Otherwise, it will become

difficult to deal with the intensifying grievances() anddecreasing motivation of teenagers, and thus harm social stability

and future economic development, even though the government is

able to stop the post-80s from applying public housing.

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Solution

Cases StudyNg Yuk-ching, a recent graduate in

social work from Lingnan

University. Ng lives in Tuen Mun,

sharing a 600 square feet flat with

three friends. Each person pays

HK$2,000 for the rent and utilities.

Ngs plan is to buy an apartment

within four to five years. Ng worksfull-time for an insurance firm and

has three part-time jobs as an

event photographer, event planner

and private tutor. The hard work is

to pay off her debts: she has to repay her relatives who lent her

money for her university tuition fees as well as her government

loan. She gives HK$2,000 monthly to her family and relatives

respectively, plus HK$7,000 to the government every quarter. Bythe time she has paid her rent, bills and loan repayments, there is

little left for much else.

The 27-year-old office worker and

her fianc are currently living with

her family on a public housing

estate. They failed to buy a private

apartment since they only started

looking for one during the financial

tsunami. Missing the chance when

property prices were lower, they

can no longer afford the one they

had chosen. That was a 377 square

feet apartment in Shatin. Within

half a year, while I was applying for

the bank mortgage, the price of the

flat jumped to a level which is far

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beyond my ability.Wong, and her fianc, who make HK$30,000 a

month in total, now plan to rent a private apartment in Shatin for

HK$6,000 a month. But she is not satisfied because she has always

wanted to own her home and start a family. Both Ng and Wongs

monthly income exceed the maximum income limit to qualify for

public housing. As they cannot afford to buy in the current market,

they can only rent in the private sector.

Measures

Employment

Government:

I Prevent the monoplization-develop property other than commercial(in 6

economic areas)

A)Educational service [E.g.self-financed post secondaryschool ]B)Medical service [E.G. medical centre ( public-privatepartnership)]C)Testing and certification

D)Environmental industryE)Innovation and technologyF)Culture and creative industry-Give more assistance to small and medium

enterprises

E.G. strengthen the SME funding schemeII Help for post80s

-increase the quota of Youth Work Experience and

Training Scheme

-Strengthen the vocational training programmes

E,G.in more aspects or provide more subsidyPost80s:

-be committed to their job in order to earn theiremployers' trust-pursue further education to sharpen their competitiveedge-keep an open mind and learn from their seniors

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Buying house

Government:-relaunch the Home Starter Loan Scheme

-provide more public housingPost80s:

-lower the requirement of the applying public housing-consider the financial ability-cultivate good consumption habits

Do you think solving the housing problem can suppressthe discontent of the post 80 s?

Supplement (Approach of Singapore in solving

housing problem)

The young couple can have priority in buying the publichousing

Develop six property Help college students to find their way out after

graduation

Encourage the young couple to have offspring

Do you think Hong Kong government should imitate theSingapore government?

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NEWS ARTICLE

1.Post-80s angst21 same as in the '70s, study finds

Gary Cheung

Dec 23, 2010 SCMP

The so-called22 post-80s generation of young people is more

disaffected23 than its elders, more pessimistic about its future,

more distrustful24 of Hong Kong's government - right?

Not according to a new study.

The government-commissioned25 study, conducted by Chinese

University's public policy research centre, finds that young people

born after 1980 are more optimistic about their future than themedia have frequently portrayed26.

Stephen Chiu Wing-kai, the leader of the research team, said the

study found no significant differences in the level ofgrievances27

about social conditions and political attitude between those born

after 1980 and their seniors.

The telephone poll, taken in May and June, compares social and

political attitudes among members of the generation born between

1980 and 1995 with thirty-somethings. It found about 40 per cent of15- to-29-year-olds expect their future to be worse than now,

compared with 50.2 per cent of thirty-somethings.

Only 9.7 per cent of thirty-somethings expect better opportunities

for personal development in future, compared with 14.9 per cent of

twenty-somethings and 19.2 per cent of the teenagers interviewed.

In other words, although a majority of all groups are pessimistic or

non-committal28 about the future, the younger the group, the more

optimistic the outlook.

21angst (n.), , strong worry and unhappiness, especially aboutpersonal problems22 so-called (adj) , used to introduce a new word or phrase

which is not yet known by many people23 disaffected (adj) ; ; describes young people who

are no longer satisfied with society's values24distrustful (adj) ; having or showing distrust25commission (v) ; put into commission;place an order for26 portray (v) (, ); ()to represent or describe

someone or something in a painting, film, book or other artistic work27 grievance (n) ; ; , [C][(+against)] an allegation that

something imposes an illegal obligation or denies some legal right orcauses injustice28non-committal (adj.), not expressing an opinion or decision

http://cdict.net/q/ahttp://cdict.net/q/a

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The term "post-80s generation" is borrowed from the mainland,

where people of that age have grown up under the one-child policy

and most of them had no experience of the Tiananmen Square

crackdown29.

The research team polled 2,023 respondents. One third were

twenty-something and 27.6 per cent aged 15 to 19. Another 39.1

per cent were thirty-something.

Local media have widely attributed30 the radical31 actions of some

young activists to the lack of social mobility in Hong Kong and the

sense of powerlessness among teenagers and twenty-somethings.

But the study found lack of social mobility and dissatisfaction with

their personal lives had only a very slight effect on young people's

negative feelings about policy decisions.When asked to indicate their level of satisfaction with economic

development in Hong Kong, the average rating of post-80s

respondents was 2.96 on a scale of one to five - in which 1

represents "very dissatisfied" while 5 indicates "very satisfied". It

differed little from the average rating of the thirty-somethings: 2.89.

The study was commissioned by the Central Policy Unit in February,

shortly after the impassioned32 protests against the

legislature33

's approval of the HK$66.9 billion funding for theexpress rail link to Guangzhou. A group of young protesters, who

dubbed34 themselves the "post-80s", has dominated media

headlines ever since. The report was submitted this month.

The survey found 21.7 per cent of post-80s respondents holding

what it called a "dissenting35 attitude" on key social and political

issues, such as funding for the express rail link, Legco's functional

constituencies36 for professions and trades, environmental

concerns and the pace37 of democratic development. That was only

29 crackdown (n) ,, when someone starts to deal with bad orillegal behaviour in a more severe way

30 attributed (v.) , decide as to where something belongs in ascheme31 radical (a.),(used of opinions and actions) far beyond the norm32 impassioned (a.),, characterized by intense emotion33 legislature(n),,The body of persons in a state or

kingdom invested with powerto make and repeal laws; a legislativebody.

34 dub(v) give a nickname to35 dissenting (adj) disagreeing, especially with a majority36

functional constituencies(ph)37 pace(n) ; the speed at which someone or somethingmoves, or with which something happens or changes

http://cdict.net/q/ahttp://cdict.net/q/tohttp://cdict.net/q/adjhttp://cdict.net/q/disagreeinghttp://cdict.net/q/ahttp://cdict.net/q/tohttp://cdict.net/q/adjhttp://cdict.net/q/disagreeing

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slightly more than the "dissenting attitude" among the teenagers

interviewed (19.6 per cent) and the thirty-somethings (18.1 per

cent).

Regardless of their generation, respondents with "dissenting

attitudes" shared similar demographic38 characteristics. About 53

per cent have been to university and their median household

income is between HK$10,000 and HK$29,999.

Nearly four in five twenty-somethings holding strong dissenting

views have a university degree, compared with 57.5 per cent among

similar respondents from the thirty-something generation.

"We should not subscribe uncritically to the common belief that

many youngsters are driven to become discontented39 with the

establishment because of dissatisfaction with their personal life,"the study report said.

The research team also studied data from two surveys conducted by

the Chinese University's Institute40 of Asia-Pacific Studies in

December last year and January. It found no consistent41evidence

to support the proposition that teenagers and twenty-somethings

are more radical and discontented.

"For example," the report said, "while the post-80s are less

supportive of the high-speed rail project, they are not more radicalthan the post-70s in terms of disapproval of the government

proposal for the 2012 elections." Of the post-80s respondents, 54.8

per cent said they trust the Hong Kong government virtually the

same as the 55.1 per cent among thirty-somethings.

Questions(article1)

1.What are the reasons of the political actions led by post80 the

media deduce ?

2.Which word can replacegrievancein line no.9?

a)grieve b)complaint c)gamble d)support

38 demographic (a.) relating to the study of changes in thenumber of births, marriages, deaths, etc. in a particular area during aperiod of time

39 discontented (a.) wanting better treatment or an improved situation40 institute(n),, an organization where people do a particular

kind of scientific, educational or social work, or the buildings which it uses41consistent (adj), always behaving or happening in a similar,especially positive, way

http://cdict.net/q/ahttp://cdict.net/q/ahttp://cdict.net/q/ahttp://cdict.net/q/ahttp://cdict.net/q/ahttp://cdict.net/q/a

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3.Which one is mentioned in the article?

a)post80s generation is happier than the post70s

b)post80s generation has deeper distrust of government than the

post70s

c)post80s generation is more optimistic than the post90s

d) post80s generation is more pessimistic than the post90s

4.Is the satement right?(if or if not,which line shows you)

The economic development satisfied the post80s much more than

the post70s.

Yes/No.Line no.

5.What is the precentage of post80s respondents which do not

agree with key political issues?

%

6.Does post80s satisfy the university degree?why?

2.Hong Kong: A winter of discontent(SELECTED)

A youthful, Internet-savvy4280s generation is giving voice to

frustration over the slow pace of democratisation and the Beijing

hand43 in entrenched44functional constituencies.

By CHRISTINE LOH

Hong Kong, February 2011 Asian Conversationa

POLITICS and Hong Kong may appear strange bedfellows45. Yet, overtly under the One

Country Two Systems approach46 and, sometimes, under the radar of newspaper headlines,

the city has remained in quiet ferment47. Two recent developments could transform the nature

of the outcome as this Special Administrative Region strives to find atrue representative

voice. The first element of change on the road towards Hong Kong democracy is the steady

42savvy(n) ; practical knowledge and ability43hand(n)(+in) assistance44 entrenched(adj) Entrenched ideas are so fixed or have existed

for so long that they cannot be changed45bedfellow(n) a person connected with another in a particular activity46

approach(n) ;a way of considering or doing something47ferment(n) (), a state of confusion, change, and lack of order orfighting

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rise of a new and amorphous48 political movement led by a younger generation. The second

is the 2010 rapprochement49 between Beijing and the Democratic Party that caused internal

rifts50and the formation of new parties. The combined effect has been to create an element

of unpredictability in Hong Kong politics.

Hong Kongs educated post 80s generation has become more politically active. This youth

movement gave birth to the anti-high-speed-rail action in mid-2009 with vociferous51

campaigns against the HKSAR governments plan to build a multi-billion dollar railway linking

Hong Kong to Shenzhen and Guangzhou.Questions were raised regarding cost, and

objections made to the planned razing52 of the Choi Yuen village and rural53 areas to create

project corridors. In November 2009 there was a sit-in54 at the government secretariat55,

and on 18 December, over 1,000 protesters gathered outside the Legislative Council while

legislators debated funding. Civic action resulted in the postponement56

of the debate, whichenergised57 the protesters. Although the project was approved in the end, it was evident a

new movement had emerged58.

Since then, urban planning and nature conservation issues have attracted strong followings.

For example, the destruction of a scenic59site in July 2010 at Tai Long Wan, Sai Kung, when

the new landownerstarted to clear land for construction of a private dwelling60, became an

instant cause celebre61. A new movement is emerging to block the governments plan to sell

off one of its old office buildings in Centrals Government Hill for commercial development.

48amorphous(adj) having no fixed form or shape49rapprochement(n); (an) agreement reached by opposinggroups or people50 rift(n), , [(+in/between)] a serious disagreement which separates

two people who have been friends and stops their friendship continuing51vociferous(adj) ; Vociferous people express their opinions andcomplaints loudly and repeatedly in speech, and vociferous demands, etc. are made

repeatedly and loudly52raze(n) , to completely destroy a city, building, etc53rural(adj) ; ; in, of or like the countryside54sit-in(n) when a group of people go into a public building and refuse toleave or allow normal activities to continue there until a situation that they arecomplaining about is changed55government secretariat(n) the office responsible for the management56postponement(n) ; to delay an event and plan or decide that it shouldhappen at a later date or time57energise(v) ; to make someone feel energetic or eager58emerge(v) (), ; () to appear by coming out of somethingor out from behind something59scenic(adj) having or allowing you to see beautiful natural features60

dwelling(n) , , a house or place to live in61cause celebre(ph), an event, such as a famous legal trial,which attracts a lot of public attention

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The activists include among their ranks a high proportion of students and young

professionals. While most of them are politically nonaligned62, circumstances have drawn

them to democratic politicians supporting their cause. With the majority of the functional

constituency legislators (largely viewed as pro-Beijing) seen to be not just pro-government but

pro-business, younger activists view functional constituencies as a prop for business rather

than public interest.

With a younger generation taking to the political stage, new social media means, such as

SMS, Twitter and Facebook, have been increasingly used tospread messages and rally

people. In the Tai Long Wan instance, there were over 80,000 Facebook members.

Meanwhile, the political establishment as a whole is facing new demands from the public over

land use, property development, rural affairs, nature conservation, environmental protection,

public health, minimum wage, fair competition, and better social welfare, the response to

which would affect many vested establishment interests. The growing discontent within Hong

Kong is driven by a sense of social injustice, as rewards are seen to be monopolised63by big

business headed by politically well-connected tycoons.

62nonaligned(adj); If a country is non-aligned, it does not support or

depend on any powerful country or group of countries.63monopolise(v); ... in business, to control something completely andto prevent other people having any effect on what happens

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GLOSSARYgrievance (n) ; ; , (+against)grumble (v)

(n), [(+at/about/over)],

radical (a.) ,

discontented (a.)

dissident (a)(n)

; ; ; ;

depraved (a) ; ; ferment (n) (), sit-in (n) rally (n)

(v)(), ; [(+round)]

entrepreneurship (n) consumerism (n) rebel (v) ; ; [(+against)]confrontation (n) shelve (v) ; compromise (n)

(v), (+between), [(+on)]

stigmatize (v) ; ;...; suppress (v) , ; ; avenue (n) , [(+to)]

resort (v) , , [(+to)]fruits of labor (n) decent (a) ; ; inflation (n) burden (n) , ; , mortgage (n)

(v);

eligible (a)(n)

,

revive (v)

Home OwnershipScheme

Home Starter LoanScheme