Booklet directions• Slides 2-8 of this powerpoint are not included in the booklet, they are only for class discussion

(which we completed on Thursday 12/5/13)

• Cover of booklet – slide 9

• Page 1 of booklet – slide 10

• Page 2 of booklet – slide 11

• Page 3 of booklet (divide in half) – slides 12 and 13.

• Page 4 of booklet (divide in three) – title is “Main Sequence Period”, slide 15 goes in the first section, slide 16 goes in the second section, slide 17 goes in the third section

• Page 5 of booklet - slide 18

• Page 6 of booklet – slide 19

• Page 7 of booklet – slide 20

• Page 8 of booklet – slide 21

• Page 9 of booklet – slide 22

• Page 10 of booklet (divide in half) – slides 23 and 24

• **Everything on these slides (text) should be in your booklet, if you want to go above and beyond you could print out pictures from the Hubble Telescope Gallery website and add a picture of each stage of the stars’ lifecycle (hint, hint, hint). Have a great snow day!!

Beyond Earth

Use this powerpoint to make your foldable/booklet

Solar System

• A star and a group of planets that revolve around the star.

• Our solar system contains a star (the sun), nine planets, andthousands of asteroids.

• Our sun is located on the edge of the Milky Way galaxy.

Galaxy

• A System of stars, dust, and gases all heald together as a group by gravity. – Our solar system is part of the Milky

Way galaxy. – There are more than a billion galaxies in

the universe.**3 types of galaxies

Types of Galaxies

• Spiral Galaxies – shaped like discs with a bulge in the middle. Spiral arms seem to wind outward

Types of Galaxies Cont.

• Elliptical Galaxies – look like spheres or flattened spheres that are bright in the middle.

Types of Galaxies – Cont.

• Irregular Galaxies – No specific shape or pattern.

Other Important Vocabulary

• Clusters – a group of galaxies make up a cluster.– The milky way belongs to a cluster of 32

galaxies called the Local Group.Superclusters – a group of clustersUniverse – all the superclusters form the

universe. The universe consists of everything that exists in space.

Life Cycle of a Star

(Cover of booklet)

Mass of star

How long a star lives depends on how much mass it has

A small mass star uses less fuel so it lasts longer so . . .

The smaller the mass the longer it lasts

Life Cycle of a StarNebula

Protostar

Red Dwarf Yellow Star Blue Giant

Red Giant

White Dwarf

Black Dwarf

Red Super Giant

Supernova

Black Hole Neutron Star

The smaller the stars, the longer the life because they use up their

fuel more slowly

How long a star lives

depends on the mass

Nebula

• All stars begin as parts of nebulas• A large cloud of gas and dust• large amount of gas in a small

volume, very dense

Protostar

• The 1st stage of a star’s life• A contracting cloud of gas and dust• Pressure and heat start nuclear fusion

Different Masses mean different types of stars

Main Sequence Period

• The main life period of a star– Can be classified as:

• Red dwarf – small mass star• Yellow star – medium mass star (our sun)• Blue Giant – large mass star

Red Dwarf

• A small mass star• Can last up to 200 billion years

Yellow Star

• A medium mass star (Average size, average temperature)

• Our sun is a yellow star• Lives for 10 billion years

Blue Giant

• A large mass star• 10-15 times larger than the sun• VERY hot• Short lives because they have used

up a lot of fuel

Red Giant

• The star runs out of fuel• outer parts expand, then the core

shrinks• It turns red as it is cooling • This phase will last until the star

exhausts its remaining fuel. • The pressure of the nuclear reaction is

not strong enough to equalize the force of gravity so the star will collapse.

Red Super Giant

• The star runs out of fuel• The core shrinks and the outer parts

expand• It turns red as it is cooling • This phase will last until the star

exhausts its remaining fuel. • The pressure of the nuclear reaction is

not strong enough to equalize the force of gravity so the star will collapse.

White Dwarf

• No more fuel left• Faint glow from left over energy• Outer parts drift out into space• Small blue white hot core is left• About the size of Earth

Supernova

• As the core shrinks, pressure increases

• Results in an explosion

Black Dwarf

• When the white dwarf stops glowing it is dead\very dense

Black Hole

• Remains of explosion collapse into a black hole

• Most large mass stars turn into black holes

Neutron Star

• After explosion some material left behind

• Forms a neutron star• Dense and small