book-2 swahabikalude charithram · 4 {]km-[\w a_¿d-Xp¬ B¬ h¬ Akzvlm_v hJv^v Ckvem-anI a{¥m-ebw...

$: book-2 swahabikalude charithram · 4 {]km-[\w a_¿d-Xp¬ B¬ h¬ Akzvlm_v hJv^v Ckvem-anI a{¥m-ebw IpsshØv t^m¨: 2560203, ^mIvkv: 2560346 email: almabarrah@gmail.com$

1

kzlm-_n-I-fp-sSbpw

\_n-Ip-Spw-_-Øns‚bpw

Ncn{Xw Fßs\ hmbn-°Ww?

A_vZp¬ Icow A¬l¿_n

kzlm-_n-I-fp-sSbpw \_n-Ip-Spw-_-Øns‚bpw


4

{]km-[\w

a_¿d-Xp¬ B¬ h¬ Akzvlm_vhJv̂ v Ckvem-anI a{¥m-ebw IpsshØv

t^m¨: 2560203, ̂ mIvkv: 2560346email: [email protected] / www.almabarrah.net

5

kzlm-_n-I-fp-sSbpw

\_n-Ip-Spw-_-Øns‚bpw



samgn-am‰w

Aivd v̂ Iogp-]-dºv

Ah-Xm-cnI

tUm. BC-Zp¬ J¿\n

tUm. lmXnw ico v̂ A¬ Hu\n

6

BapJw

A√m-lp-hn-\mWv k¿h kvXpXn-bpw. {]hm-N-Is‚ ta¬ Ahs‚

A\p-{K-l-ßƒ h¿jn-°p-am-dm-I-s´.

\_n-Ip-Spw-_hpw \_n-bpsS CXc A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈

Dujvafhpw KmV-hp-amb kvt\l kmtlm-Z-cy-_-‘-ßƒ Ncn-{X-

Øns‚ ]q¿W shfn-®-Øn¬ ka¿∏n-°p∂ Hcp ]pkvXI ]c-ºc

{]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m-\m-b-Xn¬ Ipssh-Ønse Ckvem-an-I-˛-Hu-Jm^v

a{¥m-e-b-Øn\v A\¬]-amb kt¥m-j-ap-≠v. kzlm-_Øpw

Alvep-ss_Øpw, Jp¿-B≥ hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xp-t]mse, "]c-kv]c

kvt\lw sNmcn-bp-∂-hcpw i{Xp-°-tfmSv ITn\ am\-kcpw' Bbn-cp-

∂p.

Cu ]pkvXI ]c-ºc {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ HuJm v̂ a{¥m-e-b-

Øn\v hy‡-amb Nne e£y-ß-fp-≠v. Alvep-ss_Øpw kzlm-

_Øpw AI¬®-bn-em-bn-cp-∂psh∂pw Ah¿ XΩn¬ ISpØ `n∂-

X-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Nne¿ {]Ncn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. AXv Ncn-{X-]-c-

ambn icn-b√ F∂v Xpd∂v Im´p-I-bmWv Cu IrXn-I-fn¬. Ah¿

XΩn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ kvt\l _lp-am-\-ßƒ FSpØp Im´p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. "apkvenw kaq-l-Øn¬ BZy-Ime hnizm-kn-I-fpsS

ÿm\w' F∂ t]cn¬ 2009-̨ ¬ kwL-Sn-∏n-°-s∏´ Hcp ktΩ-f-\-

Øns‚ {]ta-bhpw CXp-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

Cu ]pkvXI ]c-ºc AXn\v D]-I-cn°pw F∂ {]Xo-£-tbm-sS.

A√mlp A\p-{K-ln-°-s´.

Ckvem-anI ̨ HuJm v̂ a{¥m-ebw

Ipssh-Øv, 2009 (ln. 1430)

7

D≈-S°w

BapJw 6

Ah-Xm-cnI 1 / tUm. BC-Zp¬ J¿\n 8

Ah-Xm-cnI 2 / tUm. lmXnw ico v̂ A¬ Hu\n 9

{KŸ-I¿Øm-hns‚ Ipdn∏v 11

* * * * * *

A[ymbw H∂v

Ncn-{X-hm-b-\-bnse ]mI-∏n-g-hp-Iƒ 13

A[ymbw c≠v

\_n-Ip-Spw-_-sØbpw kzlm-_n-I-sfbpw Ipdn®

sX‰n-≤m-c-W-Iƒ 25

A[ymbw aq∂v

\_n-Ip-Spw-_-sØ-°p-dn® sX‰n-≤m-c-W-Iƒ 40

A[ymbw \mev

Ah-ew-_n-°m-hp∂ Ncn{X IrXn-Iƒ 57

A[ymbw A©v

Ncn-{XsØ hnI-e-am-°nb IrXn-Iƒ 68

8

Ah-Xm-cn-I˛ I

A√m-lp-hn-\v k¿h kvXpXn-bpw. Ahs‚ ImcpWy

ISm-£-ßƒ {]hm-N-I≥ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ta¬ sNmcn-

bp-am-dm-I-s´.

{]ikvX {]t_m-[-I≥ A_vZp¬ Icow A¬ l¿_n-

bpsS "kzlm-_-nIfpsSbpw \_n IpSpw-_-Øn-

s‚bpw Ncn{Xw Fßs\ hmbn-°Ww?' F∂

]pkvXIw Rm≥ hmbn-®p. sXfn-hp-Iƒ AWn-\n-

cØp-∂-Xnepw BJym-\-ssi-en-bnepw kmμ¿`n-I-

ambn Imcy-ßƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xnepw Cu IrXn anI®p

\n¬°p-∂p F∂m-sWs‚ A`n-{]m-bw. ap≥ Ign-

™p-t]mb al-Øp-°-fp-sSbpw ]fin-X-∑m-cp-sSbpw

amXrI ]n≥]-‰n-s°m-≠v, {]hm-NI IpSpw-_-sØ-∏-

‰nbpw Ahn-SpsØ A\p-bm-bn-I-sf-∏-‰nbpw {]Nm-c-

Øn-ep≈ sX‰n-≤m-c-W-Iƒ \o°m-\p≈ alXv IrXy-

am-Wn-Xv. AXn-\p≈ Adnhpw {Kmly-Xbpw hnizm-ky-

Xbpw {KŸ-I¿Øm-hn\v th≠p-thm-f-ap-≠v. A√mlp

CXv Hcp ]pWy-I-¿a-ambn kzoI-cn-°p-am-dm-I-s´.

tUm. BC-Zp¬ J¿\n

9

Ah-Xm-cn-I˛ II

A√m-lp-hn\v kvXpXn. {]hm-N-I\pw Ahn-SpsØ

IpSpw-_-Øn\pw ssZh-I-Sm-£hpw A\p-{K-lhpw

D≠m-h-s´.

"kzlm-_-nIfpsSbpw \_n IpSpw-_-Øn-s‚bpw

Ncn{Xw Fßs\ hmbn-°Ww?' F∂ al-Ømb

IrXn Rm≥ hmbn-®p. Ncn{X IrXn-I-tfmSv \mw kzoI-

cn-t°≠ kao-]\w F¥v F∂v hfsc kw£n-]vX-

ambn CXn¬ hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Jpe-̂ m-D¿dm-in-I-fp-

sSbpw kzlm-_n-h-cy-∑m-cp-sSbpw \_n-Ip-Spw-_-

Ønse AwK-ß-fp-sSbpw Ncn{Xw Fßs\ hmbn-°-

W-sa∂v IrXy-ambn am¿K-\n¿tZiw \¬Ip-∂p.

{KŸ-I¿Øm-hns‚ kz¥w Kth-j-W-ßƒ°v ]pd-

sa, e`y-amb B[p-\nI ]T-\-ß-sfms° CXns‚ cN-

\-bn¬ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ncn-{X-sa∂

t]cn¬ Fgp-X-s∏´ Nne A]-I-S-I-c-amb hnh-c-W-

ßsf \ncq-]W ZrjvSym t\m°n-°m-Wm\pw hne-bn-

cp-Øm\pw CXv \sΩ klm-bn-°p-∂p. Ncn{X cN-\-

bn¬ h∂p-t]m-bn-´p≈ ]mI-∏n-g-hp-Iƒ Xncp-Øm-

\p≈ BZy kwcw-̀ -ß-fn-sem-∂m-bmWv Rm\n-Xns\

10

ImWp-∂-Xv.

AØcw ]mI-∏n-g-hp-Iƒ \n m-c-ambn ImWm≥ Ign-

bn-√. Ah Kpcp-Xcw Xs∂-bm-Wv. bmsXmcp Btem-N-

\tbm At\z-j-Wtam Xcw-Xn-cn-°tem IqSm-sX, Fgp-

X-s∏´X{Xbpw Ncn-{X-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ coXn-

bmWv I≠p-h-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Ah-cpsS

kzm¿Y Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ°v th≠n I≈-N-cn{Xw Na-

°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p F∂p thWw Icp-Xm≥. Xo¿®-

bmbpw hnI-e-amb AØcw Ncn{X cN-\°v i‡-am-

sbmcp XncpØv Xs∂-bmWv Cu IrXn.

Cu kwcw-̀ sØ A√mlp Cl-tem-IØpw ]c-tem-

IØpw kzoIm-cy-amb ]pWy I¿a-ambn Xo¿°p-am-dm-

I-s´.

tUm. lmXnw ico v̂ A¬ Hu\n

(a-Pvenkv iqdm AwKw,

DΩp¬ Jpdm bq\n-th-gvkn‰n {] -̂k¿)

11

{KŸ-I¿Øm-hns‚ Ipdn∏v

{]Ir-jvS-amb Ckvem-anI Ncn-{XsØ hnh-c-tZm-jn-I-fpsS Xmt¥m-

∂n-Ø-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Akq-bm-ep-°-fpsS If-f-{]-Nm-c-W-ß-

fn¬\n∂pw ]mac∑m-cpsS Adn-hn-√m-bva-I-fn¬\n∂pw kwc-£n-t°-

≠Xv ⁄m\n-I-fpsS _m[y-X-b-s{X. Hmdn-b‚-en-Ãp-Iƒ tXm∂pw-

t]mse sNbvXpsIm≈-s´, Btcm-]-I¿ a\-∏q¿htam A√m-sXtbm

\ΩpsS ]q¿hn-I-scbpw Ah-cpsS {]uV-amb kwkvIr-Xn-sbbpw

Ah-a-Xn®psIm≈s´ F∂v \mw sh°m≥ ]mSn-√. Nne Imcy-ß-

sfms° Ah¿ kzoI-cn-°pw. NneXv Hgn-hm-°pw. AXns‚ ]n∂n¬

Ah¿°v Nne Dt±-iy-ß-fp-≠v. B Dt±-iy-ßƒ A√mlp ]pd-Øp-

sIm-≠p-h-cm-Xn-cn-°n-√.

\ΩpsS Np‰p-ap≈ kaq-l-ßsf t\m°q. Ah-bn¬ Hmtcm kaq-

lhpw kz¥-ambn Hcp Ncn{Xw \n¿an-s®-Sp-°m-\p≈ X{X-∏m-Sn-em-Wv.

AXn\p th≠n inem-en-Jn-X-ßfpw Xmfn-tbm-e-Ifpw tiJ-cn-°p-∂p.

aÆv am¥n ]cy-th-£-W-ßƒ \S-Øp-∂p. hoSp-Itfm ]≈n-Itfm

Hs° XI¿°p-∂p... Chn-S-ß-fn-sem-s° Xß-fpsS Ncn{Xw Dd-ßn-

°n-S-°p-∂p-s≠∂pw AXv s]mSn-X-´n-sb-Sp-°pIbmsW-∂p-amWv

Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

apkvenw-I-fpsS Ah-ÿ-sb-¥mWv? Ah¿°v enJn-Xhpw {]tim-̀ -\-

hp-amb Hcp Ncn-{X-ant√? F∂n´pw Kuc-h-]q¿hw AXns\ kao-]n-

°m-Ø-sX¥v? Cu \ne°v Nn¥n-®m¬ \ΩpsS Ncn-{XsØ kq£va-

ambpw sX‰p IqSm-sXbpw hmbn-t°-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-IX t_m[y-

s∏-Spw. Nne¿ CkvemanI Ncn-{X-Øns‚ ta¬ tImcn-bn´ Agp-°p-

Ifpw If-¶-ßfpw IgpIn hrØn-bm-°p-Ibpw thWw. Aßs\

Ckvem-anI Ncn-{X-Øns‚ apJw ]q¿thm-]cn Xnf-°-ap-≈-Xm-bn-

Øo-c-s´. P\-ßƒ°-Xns‚ {]tbm-P\w e`n-°p-am-dm-I-s´.

A√mlp ]d-™n-́ p≠v: ""F∂m¬ B ]X-bp-≠t√m, AXv h‰n-

t∏m-Ipw. P\-ßƒ°v {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-∂Xv `qan-bn¬ Ah-ti-jn-

°pw. Cß-s\-bm-Ip∂p A√mlp DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂Xv''

(A¿dAvZv 17).

Ckvem-anI Ncn-{XsØ AXns‚ B[n-Im-cnI t{kmX- p-I-

fn¬\n∂v hmbn-°m-\m-{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿°v Hcp hgn-Im-́ n-bm-bn-

´mWv Cu sIm®p ]pkvXIw \mw ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xv. CXv hmbn-°p-

∂-h¿°v a\- nse Ahy-‡-X-Iƒ \oßp-sa∂pw Aßs\ Ah-

cpsS a\ v im¥-am-Ip-sa∂pw \mw {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. Cu ]pkvX-

I-Øn\v A©v A[ym-b-ß-fp-≠v.

H∂v: Ncn{X hmb-\-bn¬ ]mI-∏n-g-hp-Iƒ hcm-\p≈ Imc-W-ßƒ

c≠v: \_n-Ip-Spw-_-sØbpw kzlm-_n-I-sfbpw ]‰n D∂-bn-°-

s∏´ kwi-b-ßƒ

aq∂v: \_n IpSpw-_-sØ-°p-dn®v sX‰n-≤m-c-W-Iƒ \o°m-\p≈

{]am-W-ßƒ

\mev: B[n-Im-cn-I-amb Ckvem-anI Ncn{X IrXn-Iƒ

A©v: Ckvem-anI Ncn-{XsØ hnIr-X-am-°nb IrXn-Iƒ

CXn\p tijw Cu N¿® kam-l-cn-°p∂ Hcp Ipdn∏pw tN¿Øn-

cn-°p-∂p. A√mlp A\p-{Kln-°p-am-dm-Is´.


Ncn{Xhmb-\-bnse

]mI-∏n-g-hp-Iƒ

14

15

ka-Im-eo\ Ckvem-anI Ncn{X]T-\-ß-fn¬ ImWp∂ ]mI-

∏n-g-hp-Iƒ°pw \yq\-X-Iƒ°pw {][m-\-ambpw aq∂v Imc-W-

ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.1

H∂m-asØ ImcWwNne Hmdn-b‚-en-Ãp-Ifpw hgn-]n-g® Nn¥m-k-c-Wn-Ifpw

Fgp-Xn-°q-´nbsX√mw kXy-sa∂v Icp-Xp-∂-h-cmWv hen-

sbmcp hn`mKw apkvenw-Iƒ. Hcp-]mSv \pW-°-Y-Iƒ- C-h¿

Ncn-{X-sa∂ t]cn¬ Fgp-Xn-∏n-Sn-∏n-®n-́ p≠v; {]tXy-In®v \_n-

Ip-Spw-_-sØ-°p-dn®pw alm-∑m-cmb kzlm-_n-am-sc-°p-dn-®pw.

]ns∂-b-h¿ Cu Ahm-kvX-h-ß-sfms° k¿hmw-Ko-IrX Ncn-

{X-k-Xy-ß-fmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pw. Aßs\ t\¿_p-≤n-I-fmb

hmb-\-°m-cpsS \njvI-f-¶-Xsb Ch¿ NqjWw sNøpw.

Ncn{X IrXn-I-fpsS Ae-am-d-bn¬ Chbpw ÿm\w ]nSn-°pw.

ap®qSpw sI´pIY-I-fm-sW-¶nepw Ncn-{X-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS CS-bn¬

ÿm\w ]nSn-®p-I-gn-™m¬ ]ns∂ Ahbpw Ncn{X IrXn-I-

fmbn F∂mWv sh∏v. D]-mZm-\-ß-fp-sSbpw sXfn-hp-I-fp-

sSbpw ]n≥_-e-tØmsS \njvIrjvS hni-I-e-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw

Kth-j-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw kXy-ambn sXfn-™Xv am{Xta Ncn-

{X-h-kvXp-Xbmbn AwKo-I-cn-°mhq F∂ XØzw ChnsS

A[ymbw H∂v

16

Im‰n¬ ]dØ-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂p.

Ch¿ D≤-cn-°p∂ Imcy-ß-fn¬ ]eXpw H∂p-In¬ Ah

dnt∏m¿´v sNbvX-h¿ hniz-kn-°m≥ sIm≈m-Ø-h-cm-bn-cn-

°pw, As√-¶n¬ shdpsX sI´n-®-a-®-Xm-hpw, AXp-a-s√-¶n¬

bmsXmcp ASn-ÿm-\hpw C√m-Ø-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.2

]e¿°pw Cu kXyw Adn-bmw. ]t£ H´pw Pm{K-X-bn-

√msX Ah¿ A{i-≤-cmbn Ign-bp-I-bm-Wv. Ckvem-ans‚ al-

Ømb Ncn{X ]mc-º-cysØ ]nd-In¬\n∂v IpØm\pw

AXns\ XInSw adn-°m-\p-amWv i{Xp-°-fpsS {iaw. kap-Zm-

b-Ønse k¿hmw-Ko-Ir-X-amb ASn-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ t]mepw

Ah¿ kwi-b-ßfpw Zpcq-l-X-Ifpw P\n-∏n-°p-∂Xv AXp-

sIm-≠m-Wv. apkvenw-Isf XΩn-e-Sn-∏n-°pI F∂-XmWv CXn-

s‚-sbms° ]n∂n-ep≈ e£yw. kz¥w Ncn-{Xhpw ss]Xr-

Ihpw ]Tn-°m≥ Hcp apkvenw CØ-c-°msc Ah-ew-_-am-°p-

∂Xv GXp am\-Zfiw sh®mWv \ymbo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bpI!

CXn-\¿Yw F√m Hmdn-b‚-en-Ãp-Ifpw Hcp-t]msebmsW-

∂-√. Ah-cn¬ ]e- X-c-°m-cp-≠v. AXn-semcp hn`mKw hntZz-

j-Ømepw Akq-b-bmepw Ckvem-anI ss]Xr-IsØ Ah-

tl-fn-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠n am‰-Øn-cp-Ø-ep-Ifpw Iq´n-t®¿°-ep-

Ifpw \S-Øn-b-h-cm-Wv. sImtfm-Wn-b¬ i‡n-Iƒ°v

apkvenw temIØv A[n-\n-thiw Ffp-∏-am-°pI F∂

e£yhpw Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn\v {]tZ-i-hm-kn-Isf

ASn-a-I-fm-°p-Ibpw Ckvem-ans‚ \mK-cnI apt∂‰w XS-tb-

≠-Xp-ap-≠-t√m.3

Hmdn-b‚-en-Ãp-I-fn¬ as‰mcp hn`mKw (A-h¿ FÆ-

Øn¬ Ipd-hm-Wv) hnj-bm-[n-jvTn-X-ambpw A°m-Z-anI anI-

thm-sSbpw \-ΩpsS ss]XrIsØ kao-]n-®n-́ p-s≠-∂Xv icn-

bm-Wv. Ah¿°pw ]‰n-bn-́ p≠v H´p-h-fsc A_-≤-ßƒ.4 Cu

Zo≥ Ah¿°v A]-cn-Nn-X-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv AXv kw -̀hn-®-

Xv. Cu ss]Xr-I-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-d-bmbn \ne-sIm-≈p∂ Ad-

_n-̀ mj Adn-bm-Xn-cp-∂Xpw ]ng-hp-Iƒ°v as‰mcp Imc-W-am-

17

Wv. "lZokv hmIy-ß-fpsS \nL≠p' (A¬apAvPap¬ ap -̂

lvcnkv en A¬^m-fn¬ lZokn-∂-_-hn) F∂ t]cn¬ Cd-

ßnb IrXn CXn\v DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.4

c≠m-asØ ImcWwNcn{X hnh-c-W-ßƒ tiJcn-°p-∂-Xn\pw t{ImUo-I-cn-

°p-∂-Xn\pw Ncn{X ]fin-X-∑m¿°v Nne coXn-I-fp-≠m-hpw.

Ah-b-dn-bmsX B IrXn-Isf kao-]n-®m¬ A_-≤-ßƒ

]nW-bpw. Xz_cn, C_v\p Iko¿ t]mse-bp≈ ]fin-X-

∑m¿, B[n-Im-cn-I-amb t{kmX- p-I-fn-eqsS dnt∏m¿ v́ sNø-

s∏´ kw -̀h-ßtf kzoI-cn°q Ft∂m Zp¿_e cnhm-b-Øp-

Isf X≈-n-°-f-b-W-sat∂m \njvI¿j D≈-h-c-√. C°mcyw

Ah¿ Ah-cpsS IrXn-I-fnse Bap-J-Øn¬ hy‡-am-°n-bn-́ p-

≠v. CtX-°p-dn®v hmb-\-°m-c\v \√ [mcW thW-sa∂p

am{Xw.

]t£ an° Nn¥-Icpw Fgp-Øp-Imcpw CtX-°p-dn-

s®m∂pw t_m[-h-∑m-c-√. CXp-Im-cWw Ah-cpsS Fgp-

Øns‚ B[n-Im-cn-IX hen-sbm-c-fhv \jvS-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

AXn-\m¬ GsXmcp Ncn{X IrXn-bp-sSbpw BapJw {i≤n®v

]Tn-°-Ww. GsXmcp coXn-bmWv {KŸ-I¿Ømhv kzoI-cn-®n-

cn-°p-∂-sX∂v \∂mbn a\- n-em-°-Ww. Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m-cpsS

coXn-imkv{Xw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp DZm-l-cWw \man-

hnsS sImSp-°mw˛ Camw C_v\p Pco¿ Xz_vcn-bpsS Ncn{X

cN-\m-co-Xn.

Camw Xz_-cn-bpsS Ncn{X cN\m coXnCamw Xz_cn5 At±-l-Øns‚ "P\-X-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw cmPm-

°-∑m-cp-sSbpw Ncn{Xw' F∂ IrXn-bpsS Bap-J-Øn¬

Xs‚ Ncn{X cN\m coXn C{]-Imcw hy‡-am-°p∂p:

""ap≥Im-e-°m-sc-°p-dn®v \mw Cu IrXn-bn¬ Nne-sX√mw ]d-

bp-tºmƒ hmb-\-°mcpw tIƒhn-°mcpw AXv kΩ-Xn-°m≥

18

Iq´m°mXncn-°p-Ibpw AXr]vXn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. B[n-Im-cnI t{kmX- p-Iƒ hgn h∂ hnh-c-a-√t√m

CsXm∂pw F∂-XmWv AXn\p Imc-Ww. kw`h bmYm¿Yy-

ß-fp-ambn B hnh-c-W-ßƒ°v _‘-an-s√∂pw Ah¿ ]d-bp-

∂p. Ah-tcmSv \mw ]d-bp∂p: ""CsXm∂pw \mw kzb-tah

sIm≠p-h∂ hnh-c-W-ß-f-√. thsd Nne Ncn{X hnhcW°m-

cn¬\n-∂mWv \ap-°h Inń-b-Xv. \ap-°Xv F{]-Imcw

Inńtbm A{]-Imcw D≤-cn°pI am{X-amWv \mw Cu IrXn-

bn¬ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.''

hnh-cW-ß-fpsS (cn-hm-b-Øv) kXy-Xbpw B[n-Im-cn-I-

Xbpw Dd∏v hcp-Øn-bn-́ √ Xm≥ Ah Xs‚ {KŸ-ß-fn¬

tN¿Ø-sX∂v A¿Y-i-¶-°n-S-bn-√m-Ø-hn[w hy‡-am-°p-I-

bmWv ChnsS Camw Xz_-cn. dmhn-am¿ D≤-cn-®Xv Xm≥

FSpØv tN¿Ø-t∏mƒ AXn¬ bmsXmcp ]nghpw hcp-Øn-bn-

ń-√. kXy-k-‘-ambn AXv sNbvXn-́ p-≠v. Ah-bnse sX‰pw

icnbpw kq£va-ambn ]Tn®v th¿Xn-cn-°m≥ Xp\n-™n-́ n-√.

Xz_cn D≤-cn® Nne dmhn-am-sc-¶nepw AkXy {]kvXm-h-\-

Iƒ \S-Øp-∂-htcm kq£va-X-bn-√msX I≠-am\w hnh-c-W-

ßƒ \S-Øp-∂-htcm Bbn-cp-∂p. Ah-cn¬ Nne¿:

1. apl-ΩZp_v\p laoZv dmkn (Xz-_-cn-bpsS Kpcp)

Xs‚ AØm-co-Jv, AØ-̂ vko¿ F∂o c≠v IrXn-I-

fn¬ Ct±-l-Øn¬\n∂v [mcm-f-ambn Xz_cn D≤-cn-®n-́ p-≠v.

F∂m¬ Cu apl-ΩZv AkXy {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ \S-Øm-dp-

s≠∂pw sIń-®-a®v ]d-bm-dp-s≠∂pw Btcm-]-W-ap-≠v. cnhm-

b-Øp-I-fpsS i‡n-Zu¿_-ey-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ an°

]fin-X-∑m-cpw, apl-ΩZv Akzo-Im-cy-\m-sW∂pw At±-l-

Øns‚ hnh-c-W-ß-fpsS t{kmX v B[n-Im-cn-I-a-s√∂pw

A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cm-Wv. 6

2. eqXzp_v\p blvb A_q anJv\ v̂

Xz_-cn-bpsS Ncn{X IrXn-bn¬ Ct±-l-Øns‚ 585 hnh-c-

W-ßƒ FSpØp tN¿Øn-́ p-≠v. Ckvem-anI Ncn-{X-Øn¬

19

{]hm-N-Is‚ acWw apX¬ Aa-hn-I-fpsS ]X\w hsc-bp≈

hnhn[ kw -̀h-ß-fmWv eqXzn¬ \n∂v Xz_cn D≤-cn-®n-cn-°p-

∂-Xv. lZokv ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS ho£-W-Øn¬ Ct±lw

hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-\-√. C_v\p aCu≥, C_v\p ln∫m≥,- Z-

l_n XpS-ßn-b-h¿ Ct±-lsØ cq£-ambn hna¿in-®n-́ p-≠v.

Ncn{X cN-\-bn¬ ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS coXn-Iƒ a\- n-em-

°m≥ Cu DZm-lcWw aXn. GsX-¶nepw Cam-ap-am¿ Fgp-

Xnb Ncn{X IrXn-bm-sW-¶nepw Cß-s\-bp≈ {]iv\-ß-fp-

s≠∂ [mcW \ap°v thWw. Cu {]h-WX Ncn{X IrXn-I-

fn¬ ]cn-an-X-a-√-Xm-\pw. Ckvem-anI ss]Xr-I-Øns‚ hnhn[

hi-ßƒ hnh-cn-°p∂ CXc IrXn-I-fnepw Cu \yq\X

ImWmw.

CØcw hnh-c-W-ßƒ Ah-bpsS \nth-ZI t{iWn-bpsS

_em-_ew t\m°msX FSpØp tN¿°pI F∂Xv Nne

Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m-cpsS coXn-bm-Wv. lZokv \nth-Z-\-Øn¬ Nne¿

kzoI-cn-°p∂ coXn-bm-Wn-Xv. BZy ]Sn F∂ \ne°v Ah¿

Inńb lZo-sk√mw FgpXn sh°pw. ]ns∂-bmWv c≠m-

asØ L´w. \nin-X-amb Kth-j-W-Øn\pw ]cn-tim-[-\°pw

hnt[-b-am-°nb tijw Zp¿_e lZokv GXv, {]_e

lZokv GXv F∂v Ah¿ th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂p. \njvIr-jvS-amb

Cu ]cn-tim-[-\-bpsS c≠mw L´w Ncn{X cN-\-bn¬ ImWp-

∂n√ F∂-XmWv lZo-kn-s‚bpw Ncn-{X-Øn-s‚bpw t{ImUo-

I-c-W-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-kw.

Camw lm^nfv C_v\plP-dp¬ AkvJ-em-\n ]q¿hn-I-

cpsS Cu dnt∏m¿ńwKv coXn-sb-°p-dn®v Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v.

At±lw ]d™p: ""ln. c≠mw \q‰-m-≠n-sems° Pohn®

A[nI lZokv ]fin-X-∑mcpw k\Zv klnXw Ah¿°v Hcp

lZokv Inń-bm¬, A-Xns‚ _-em-_ew At\z-jn-t°-≠Xv

Xß-fpsS _m[y-X-b√ F∂v Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p.''

dmhn-I-sf-°p-dn-®mWv ChnsS Camw C_v\p lP¿ kqNn-

∏n-°p-∂-Xv. A√msX cnhm-b-Øp-I-fpsS _em-_ew t\m°n

20

Zo\ns\ kwc-£n-°m≥ ]mSp-s]´ alm-a-\o-jn-I-sf-°p-dn-®-√.

Ah-cmWv hnh-c-W-ß-fp-sSbpw hmIy-ß-fp-sSbpw B[n-Im-cn-

IX sXfn-bn-°m≥ IrXy-amb Acn-∏-Ifpw am\-Z-fi-ßfpw

D≠m-°n-b-Xv. Hcp al-Ømb kwkvIr-Xnsb IS-Øn-°q-́ -ep-

I-fn¬\n∂v kwc-£n-®Xv Cu alm bXv\-am-Wv. temI Ncn-

{X-Øn¬ Xs∂ AXn\v kam-\-amb as‰m-∂n-√.

At∏mƒ hmb-\-°m-c≥˛ Ah-\-Xn\v tbmKy-\m-sW-

¶n¬˛ B InXm-_ntem Cu InXm-_ntem ImWp∂ hnh-c-

W-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°-Ww˛ \ncq-]-I-cmb lZokv ]fin-X-

∑m¿ apt∂m-́ p-sh® am\-Z-fi-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬. c≠v

Imcy-ß-fmWv t\mt°-≠-Xv. H∂v, lZokv \nth-ZI imkv{X

(ap-kvXz-e-lp¬ lZo-kv) ]fin-X-∑m¿8 sh® am\-Z-fi-ßƒ,

Ncn{X kw -̀h-ßƒ \nth-Z\w sNøp-∂-h-cn¬ (dm-hn-am¿)

HØp-h-cp-∂pt≠m F∂v t\m°p-I. F∂n v́ hnh-c-W-ß-fnse

s\√pw ]Xncpw th¿Xn-cn-°p-I. B[n-Im-cn-I-ambh am{Xw

sXc-s™-Sp-°p-I.

c≠v, Jp¿-B≥, B[n-Im-cn-IX sXfn-bn-°-s∏´ \_n-h-N-

\-ßƒ, Ch-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ cq]-s∏´ s]mXp XØz-

ßƒ F∂n-h-tbmSv Cu hnh-c-W-ßƒ HØp-h-cp-∂pt≠m

F∂v t\m°p-I. A -en-s\bpw hymP-s\bpw At∏mƒ Xncn-

®-dn-bmw.

Cß-s\-sbms° sNø-W-sa-¶n¬ hmb-\-°m-c\v AXn\v

X° hn[w ssh⁄m-\nI tbmKy-X-I-fp-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.

A√m-Ø-]-£w hniz-kvXcpw, s\√pw ]Xncpw th¿Xn-cn-°m≥

Ign-hp-≈-h-cp-amb ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS klmbw tXSp-Ibpw

A√m-lp-hns\ `b-s∏ v́ Ign-bp-∂{X kq£vaX ]pe¿Øp-

Ibpw sNøp-I.

aq∂m-asØ ImcWw\_n-h-N-\-ßƒ D≤-cn°p-∂-Xn-ep≈ IWn-i-X-bp-ambn

X´n®p t\m°p-tºmƒ, Ncn{X kw -̀h-ß-fpsS B[n-Im-cn-IX

21

{]iv\-am-°msX `b-¶-c-amb Aew-̀ m-h-amWv Ncn{X hnh-c-W-

Øn¬ \ΩpsS Nne kmwkvIm-cnI \mb-I-∑m¿ ]pe¿Øp-

∂Xv; {]tXy-In®v Ckvem-ans‚ BZy-sØ \q‰m-≠ns‚

Ncn{Xw hnh-cn-°p-tºmƒ. Cu Aew-̀ mhw ]m›mXy Ncn-{X-

cN\m coXn-bpsS kzm[o-\-am-sW∂v ImWm\pw {]bm-k-an-√.

]m›mXy Ncn{X cN-\-bn¬ \nth-ZI t{iWn {]iv\-ta-b-√.

hnip≤ {KŸ-ambn KWn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ss__n-fns‚ \nth-Z-

I¿ t]mepw {InkvXp-hn\v tijw \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ Ign™v Pohn-

®-h-cm-W-t√m.

\_nIpSpw -_hpw kzlm-_n -Ifpw \ΩpsS

Zo\oNcn{XØns‚ `mK-am-sW∂v \mw a\- n-em-°-Ww. Ch-

cpsS Ncn-{XsØ at‰-sXmcp Ncn-{X-hp-ambpw Xpe\w sNøm-

s\m-°p-I-bn-√. Ch-cpsS Ncn{Xw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xnepw dn-

t∏m¿´v sNøp-∂-Xnepw \mw ImWn-°p∂ Aew-`m-h-Øn-

s‚bpw A\m-ÿ-bp-sSbpw {]Xym-Lm-X-ßƒ \ΩpsS Zo\n-

s\-Ø-s∂-bmWv _m[n-°pI F∂v Xncn-®-dn-b-Ww. "Ckvem-

ans‚ Ncn{X \nth-Z-I≥' F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp∂ alm-

\mb kzlm_n A_qlpd-bvd(d)9s°Xnsc Nne¿ \S-Øp∂

IS-∂m-{I-aWw CtXm-sSm∏w tN¿Øp hmbn-°-Ww.

Nne Ncn-{Xm-t\z-j-I-cp-≠v. Ah¿ ]ucm-Wn-Itam B[p-

\n-Itam Bb Ncn{X kw -̀h-ß-sf-°p-dn®v h√msX \o´n-h-

en®v D]-\y-kn-°p-∂Xv ImWmw. Aßs\ FXn¿Øpw A\p-

Iq-en-®p-ap≈ sXfn-hp-Iƒ \nc-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. F∂m-en-h¿

s]men-∏n®v ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ°v AXn\v am{X-ap≈ {]tbm-

P-\tam {]m[m-\ytam H´n√ Xm\pw. CØcw \ncp-Ø-c-hm-Z-]-c-

amb Fgp-Øv, ico-A-Øns‚ kwc-£-Icpw hml-I-cp-amb

\_nIpSpw-_-sØ-°p-dn®pw D≠m-bmtem? Ckvem-ans‚

BZysØ \q‰m-≠nse kw -̀h-ßƒ ssIImcyw sNøp-tºmƒ

lZo-kn-teXp t]mse I¿°-i-amb X≈¬˛ sIm≈¬ coXn

Ah-ew-_n-°-W-sa-∂√ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. AtX-k-abw bYm¿Y

kw -̀h-ß-sfbpw {]N-cn-∏n-°p∂ IY-I-sfbpw th¿Xn-cn®v a\-

22

n-em-°m≥ \ap°v Ign-tb-≠-Xp-≠v.

˛ Alvep-ss_-Øn-s\-°p-dn®pw kzlm-_-Øn-s\-°p-

dn®pw \ap°v In´p∂ hnh-c-ßƒ Ah-cpsS Cl-tem-I-hn-c-

‡n, [oc-X, HuZm-cyw, A¿∏W a\- v, kz`mh sshin-jvSyw,

BI¿j-I-amb s]cp-am‰w XpS-ßn-b-h-sb-°p-dn-®m-sW-¶n¬,

B KpW-hn-ti-j-W-ß-fpsS hnh-cWw ico-AØv ]cn-[n-Iƒ

AXn-ew-Ln-°m-ØXpw kmam-\y-t_m-[-Øn\v \nc-°p-∂Xpw

BsW-¶n¬ Ah dnt∏m¿ v́ sNøp-∂-Xnt\m Fgp-Xn-sh-°p-∂-

Xnt\m sX‰n-√. Imc-W-aXv ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn ico-A-Øn\v

hncp-≤-am-Ip-∂n√; \_n-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-s‚bpw kzlm-_n-I-fp-

sSbpw ÿm\-a-ln-a-Iƒ°v tIm´w X´n-°p-∂p-an-√.

˛ C\n B hnh-c-W-ßƒ Ipg-∏-ß-sf-°p-dn -t®m,

hn[n\n¿Wmb-I-amb \ne-]m-Sp-I-sf-°p-dn-t®m, \_n-Ip-Spw-_-

Øn\pw A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°pw £X-ta¬∏n-°p∂ coXn-bn-tem,

s]mXp ico-AØv XØz-ßƒ°v hncp-≤hpw kmam-\y-t_m-[-

Øn\v \nc-°m-ØXpw Bbn-Øo¿∂mtem \mw B kw -̀h-

ßƒ D≤-cn-®-h-cpsS \nth-ZI ]c-ºc hfsc kq£va-ambn

]Tn-°pI Xs∂ thWw. F∂n v́ \oXn-]q¿h-amb Hcp Xocp-am-

\-Øn¬ FØ-Ww.

Cu aq∂v ASn-ÿm\ Imc-W-ß-fm-emWv Ncn{X hmb-\-

bnepw \nth-Z-\-Ønepw A_-≤-ßfpw t]mcm-bva-Ifpw kw -̀

hn-°p-∂-Xv.

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ

1. tUm. A_vZp¬ Akokv ZpJm≥ Fgp-Xnb AlvZm-kv h Alm-

Zokv ^nXv\-Øn¬ ldPv (t]Pv 73,74) F∂ IrXn-bn¬ Cu Imc-W-ß-

sf-°p-dn®v kqNn-∏n-®n-́ p-≠v. thsdbpw sXfn-hp-Iƒ tN¿Øv B Bibw

\mw hnI-kn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv ChnsS sNbvXn-́ p-≈-Xv.

2. Cu aq∂n-\hpw H´pw hniz-k-\o-b-a√ Xs∂. CXn¬ G‰hpw

A]-ISw ]nSn-®Xv "Hc-Sn-ÿm-\hpw C√mØ' dnt∏m¿´p-I-fm-Wv. "C∂-

bmƒ ]d™ kw -̀h-amWv' F∂mtcm ]d-™n-cn-°pw. AXv s]mXp-P\w

Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw \mSp-ap-gps° AXv ]d™v ]m´m-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

23

"sIń-®-a® dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ' BWv A]-ISw]nSn® c≠m-atØXv. kw`hw

dnt∏m¿ v́ sNbvX \nth-ZI t{iWn-bn¬ I≈w ]d-bp∂ Hcp-Ø-\p-≠m-

hpw. Nne-t∏mƒ \nth-ZI t{iWn Xs∂ Cbmƒ sIń-®-a-®p-≠m-°pw,

I≈-°-Y-Iƒ Ncn{X kw -̀h-ß-fmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pw. CXn\v ]e Imc-

W-ß-fp-≠v. AXv hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ ChnsS kμ¿ -̀an-√. AXn¬ apJy-am-

b-Xv, Xs‚ I£nsb klm-bn-°m≥ I≈w sIń-®-a-°pI F∂-Xm-Wv.

Jp¿-B\pw {]hm-N-I- Ncy°pw H´pw \nc-°mØ Imcy-ß-fm-bn-cn°pw

Ch¿ Ncn-{X-sa∂ te_-en¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pI F∂pw a\- n-em-°-Ww.

hniz-kvX-cmb dnt∏m¿´¿am-cp≈ t{iWn-Iƒ D≤cn® kw -̀h-ß-fn¬\n-

s∂ms° th¿s]´v \n¬°p∂ Ah-X-c-W-am-bn-cn°pw Ah-cp-tS-Xv.

CXpw Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p≈ Hcp am¿K-am-Wv. "Zp¿_-e-amb dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ'

BWv as‰m-∂v. \nth-ZI t{iWn-bnse Nne dnt∏m¿´¿am¿°v Fs¥-

¶nepw XI-cm-dp-≠m-hpw. ]fin-X-∑m¿ sh® am\-Zfiw t\m°n Ah-

cpsS dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ kzoIm-cy-amtWm At√ F∂v Xocp-am-\n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-

Wv. Ch-bn¬ NneXv X≈n-°-f-tb-≠Xpw NneXv IqSp-X¬ ]T\w Bh-

iy-ap-≈-Xp-am-bncn°pw.

3. _I¿ _v\p A_vZn√ A_q-sskZv Fgp-Xnb Hcp IrXn-bn¬

Ckvem-anI kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ apt∂‰w XS-bp-∂-Xn\v Hmdn-b‚-en-Ãp-

Ifpw sImtfm-Wn-b-en-Ãp-Ifpw kzoI-cn® X{¥ßsf-°p-dn®v hni-Z-ambn

]d-bp-∂p-≠v. tPym’yw, \£{X êw, B`n-Nm-cw, CXn-lmk IY-

Iƒ, hgn-]n-g® {Kq∏p-I-fpsS Bi-b-ßƒ XpS-ßn-bh {KŸß-fn-eqsS

hym]I-ambn {]N-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ah¿ {iaw \S-Øn-b-Xmbn At±lw ]d-

bp-∂p.

4. ssZh-am¿K-Ønse PnlmZv \n¿_-‘-sa∂v ]d-bp∂ Nne \_n-

h-N-\-ßƒ Ah¿ Cu IrXn-bn¬\n∂v Hgn-hm-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

5. Xz_cn (ln. 223-̨ 310). Jp¿-B≥ hymJym-Xm-hv, lZokv ]fin-

X≥, Ncn-{X-Im-c≥, I¿a-imkv{X hnim-c-Z≥, Dkzqen ]fin-X≥. Xmco-

Jp¬ Da-an -h¬ apeq-°v, Pman-D¬ _bm≥ ô XAvhoen¬ Jp¿-B≥

F∂nh {][m\ IrXn-Iƒ.

6. tUm. blvb _v\p C_vdmlow blvb-bpsS a¿hn-ømØp A_o

anJv\ v̂ ô XmcoJnØz_vcn: Akzvdp¬ Jn-em-̂ Øn¿dminZx F∂

IrXn (t]Pv 487) ImWp-I.

7. t\m°pI aokm-\p¬ CAvXnZm¬ 3/530-̨ 531

8. Camw Alva-Zv, C_v\p aCu≥, C_v\p¬ ap_m-d-Iv, dmkn,

C_v\p lP¿, Zl_n XpS-ßn-b-h-cmWv Cu ]finX kaq-l-Ønse

24

{]ap-J¿. IpXp-_p¿cn-Pm¬ F∂ t]cn¬ Ch¿ dmhn-am-cpsS B[n-Im-cn-

I-Xbpw Zu¿_-eyhpw ]cn-tim-[n-°p∂ IrXn-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-bn-́ p-≠v. Ah-

bn¬ {][m-\-s∏-́ h: dmkn- ˛ -A¬Pp¿lp hØAvZo¬, C_v\p lP¿ ˛

XlvZo_p-Ø-lvZo_v, Zl-_n ˛ aokm-\p¬ CAvXnZm¬.

9. A_q-lp-d-bvdØv_v\p Bandp _v\p A_vZn Zo idm F∂v apgp-

h≥ t]cv. \_n(-k)-bn¬\n∂v lZo-kp-Iƒ D≤-cn-®n-́ p-≠v. a\-∏m-T-am-°p-

∂-Xn¬ A¤p-Xm-h-l-amb Ign-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øn\pw At±-l-

Øns‚ amXm-hn\pw th≠n \_n(-k) {]m¿Yn-®n-́ p-≠v. ln. 57-̨ ¬ ac-W-

s∏-́ p. lZokv {KŸ-ß-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb \_n-h-N-\-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw

IqSp-X¬ D≤-cn-®Xv (5374) At±-l-am-Wv. C_v\p lkw Xs‚ Phm-an-D-

od F∂ IrXn-bn¬ C°mcyw ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. IqSp-X¬ lZo-kp-Iƒ D≤-

cn-®-Xns‚ t]cn-emWv A_q-lp-d-bvd(-d)-s°-Xnsc hna¿i-I¿ Iqc-ºp-

Iƒ sXmSp-Øp-hn-Sp-∂-Xv. A_q-d-ø, A_vZp¬ lpssk≥ id^p-±o≥

F∂n-h¿ C{X-b-[nIw lZo-kp-Iƒ Fßs\ Inń F∂v B›-cy-s∏ v́

At±-l-Øn-s\-Xnsc {KŸ-c-N\ \S-Øn-b-h-cm-Wv. F∂m¬ A_q-lp-

dbvdtb°mƒ F{Xtbm Ccń lZokv D≤-cn® Bfp-I-fp-≠v. A∫m-

\p_v\p XKven_v F∂-bmƒ ap∏-Xn-\m-bn-chpw Pm_n-dp¬ PAv̂ n c≠v

e£-Øn-e-[n-Ihpw lZokv D≤-cn-®n-́ p-≠-s{X. lZo-kp-I-fpsS FÆ-

amWv hnj-b-sa-¶n¬ ta¬ {KŸ-I¿Øm-°ƒ Ch-sc-°p-dn-s®m∂pw

A¤pXw Iqdm-ØXv F¥p-sIm-≠mWv? AtX-k-a-bw, A_q-lp-dbvd

D≤-cn-®-Xv, Bh¿Ø-\-ßƒ Hgn-hm-°n-bm¬ 1336 lZokv am{X-am-sW∂v

tUm. apl-ΩZv AAvkan A_q-lp-dbvd Xs‚ \nth-Z-\-ß-fpsS shfn-®-

Øn¬ F∂ IrXn-bn¬ Nq≠n-°m-́ n-bn-́ p-≠v. AtX-k-abw a‰p kzlm-

_n-Iƒ D≤-cn-°mØ lZo-kp-Iƒ hf-sc-°p-dt™ A_q-lp-d-bvd(-d)

D≤-cn-®n-´p≈q F∂pw ]fin-flm¿ Nq≠n-°m-ń-bn-´p-≠v. A_q-lp-d-

bvd(d) D≤-cn® lZo-kp-I-fnse Bibw a‰p ]e lZo-kp-I-fnepw h∂n-

´p-s≠-∂¿Yw. A_q-d-ø, A_q-lp-d-bvd(-d)s°Xnsc D∂-bn-®-B-tcm-]-

W-ßƒ°v H∂n-e-[n-Iw- KthjI¿ adp-]Sn ]d-™n-́ p-≠v. A√ma apA-√-

an-bpsS A¬ A≥hm-dp¬ Imin v̂, tUm. A_q ilv_-bpsS Zn^m-D≥

A\n- p∂' A_vZp¬ ap≥Cw C n-bpsS Zn^m-D≥ A≥ A_o-lp-dbvd

F∂o IrXn-Iƒ DZm-l-c-Ww.

25

\_n-Ip-Spw-_-sØbpw

kzlm-_n-I-sf-bpw-Ip-dn®

sX‰n-≤m-c-W-Iƒ

26

27

\_n-Ip-Spw_-sØ-°p-dn®pw kzlm-_n-I-sf-°p-dn®pw

Db¿Ø-s∏´ Btcm-]-W-ßfpw sX‰n-≤m-c-W-Ifpw samØw

]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Ah \mev Xc-am-sW∂v ImWmw.

H∂v: hfsc Zp¿_-e-amb dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ. Ah-bpsS \nth-

ZI irwJe A∏Sn sIm≈-cp-Xm-Ø-h-cm-bn-cn-°pw. Ah-bnse

Bi-b-am-Is´ X≈-s∏-tS-≠-Xpw. CØcw cnhm-b-Øp-Iƒ

IS-∂p-Iq-Snb {KŸ-ßsf \mw {]tXyIw Icp-tX-≠-Xp-≠v.

\_n-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-s‚bpw kzlm_n t{ijvT-cp-sSbpw Db¿∂

]Z-hnIƒ°v H´pw tbmPn-°mØ ]cm-a¿i-ß-fmWv CØcw

hnh-c-W-ß-fn¬ D≠m-hp-I. AtX-°p-dn®v Hcp A[ymbw

Xs∂ Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn-ep≠v ("C-kvem-anI Ncn-{XsØ

hnIr-X-am-°nb {KŸ-ßƒ').

{]hm-N-I-in-jy-scbpw \_n-Ip-Spw-_-sØbpw Ah-a-Xn-

°p∂ Hcp]mSv IY-Iƒ Cu {KŸ-Øm-fp-I-fn¬ \nßƒ°v

ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. Ah-tbmSv kzoI-cn-t°≠ \ne-]m-Sn-s\-°p-

dn®v Hcp kwi-bhpw th≠. B I≈-h-N-\-ßsf X≈n-°-f-

bp-I. Hcp apkven-an\v Ahs‚ Zo\o-̨ -hn-izm-k-Im-cy-ßƒ°v

Ah-ew-_n-°m≥ ]‰p-∂-XmtWm CØcw sI´p-I-Y-Iƒ?

apkvenw hnizm-k-Øns‚ Hcp `mK-at√ Alvep-ss_Øpw

kzlm-_-Øp-sams°? At∏mƒ Hc-Sn-ÿm-\-hp-an-√mØ

A[ymbw c≠v

28

sI´p-I-Y-Isf h¿Pn-°m\pw kwi-b-te-i-ta-Xp-an-√mØ Jp¿-

B≥ hmIy-ß-sfbpw \_n-h-N-\-ß-sfbpw Ah-ew-_-ambn

kzoI-cn-°m\pw apkvenw Xbm-dm-th-≠-Xp-≠v.

\_nIpSpw-_-sØbpw {]hm-NI injy-∑m-scbpw ]pI-

gvØn-∏-d-bp-Ibpw Ah-cpsS PohnX hnip≤n DZvtLm-jn-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv hnip-≤ Jp¿-B≥ Xs∂-bm-Wv. \_n-Ip-Spw-

_-sØ-°p-dn®v Jp¿-B≥ ]d™p: ""\_n-Ip-Spw-_-ta, \nß-

fn¬ \n∂v amen\yw \o°n-°-f-bm\pw \nßsf ]q¿W-ambn

ip≤o-I-cn-°m\pw A√mlp Dt±-in-°p∂p'' (A¬-A-lvkm_v

33). \_n-Ip-Spw_Øns‚ k¿h t{ijvT-X-I-fp-sSbpw Dd-hn-S-

amWv Cu Jp¿-B≥ kq‡w. A√mlp B IpSpw-_-Øn\v

{]tXyI t{ijvTX \¬In-sb∂v am{X-a-√, Ahsc hnip-≤-cm-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. ZpjvI¿a-ßƒ, Zpjn® s]cp-am-‰-

ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ \ns∂√mw A√mlp Ahsc AI-‰n-

\n¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

kzlm-_n-Isf {]iw-kn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ \nc-h[n Jp¿-

B≥ kq‡-ßfpw \ap°v ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. ""A√m-lp-

hns‚ A\p-{K-lhpw {]oXnbpw Imw£n®v Ah¿ \an-°p-

∂Xpw kmjvSmwKw \an-°p-∂Xpw \n\°v ImWmw''

(A¬^Xvlv 29). kpPqZv ˛ dpIq-D-I-fn¬ apgp-Ip-∂, A√m-lp-

hns\ `b-s∏-Sp∂ {]hm-NI injy-∑m-sc-bmWv Cu kq‡-

Øn¬ ]cn -N-b-s∏-Sp -Øp-∂-Xv. kXy-k-‘-X-bmepw

Bflm¿Y-X-bmepw Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ßƒ ]hn-{X-am-sW∂v

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. kq‡-Ønse "Ah¿ Imw£n-°p∂p' (b-

_vX-Kq-\) F∂ {]tbmKw {i≤n-°p-I. ssZh-{]oXn am{X-

amWv Ah¿ Imw£n-°p-∂-Xv. AXv A√m-lp-hn\v am{Xw Adn-

bp∂ Imcy-am-Wv. CJvemkv F∂v ]d-™mepw AXm-Wt√m

A¿Yw.

C\n {]hm-NI injy-¿ ]c-kv]cw Fß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p-

sh∂pw as‰m-cn-SØv Jp¿-B≥ hc®p Im´p-∂p-≠v. \_n(-

k)sb A`-n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXp-sIm≠v A√mlp ]d-

29

bp∂p: ""Ah-\mWv Xs‚ klm-b-Ømepw kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-

fmepw \n\°v Icp-tØ-InbXv. kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS a\- p-

Iƒ°nS-bn¬ CW-°-ap-≠m-°n-bXpw Ah-\mWv'' (A¬-

A≥^m¬ 62,63).

At∏mƒ Alvep-ss_Øv Bbmepw kzlm-_n-Iƒ

Bbmepw Ah-sc√mw H∂m-Wv, Xulo-Zns‚ Imcy-Øn¬,

Ckvem-ans‚ Imcy-Øn¬, ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ kvt\l-_-lp-am-\-

ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬. CXp-t]mse thsdbpw kq‡-ß-fp-≠v.

\_n-Ip-Spw-_-sØbpw kzlm-_n-I-sfbpw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-

Xn¬ Cu Jp¿-B-\nI kq‡-ß-fmWv \ap°v ASn-ÿm-\hpw

Ah-ew-_-hp-am-th-≠-Xv. H∏w, \_n-Ip-Spw-_-sØbpw kzlm-

_n-Isfbpw Ipdn-®p≈ sI´p-I-Y-Iƒ \mw Zqsc-°-f-bp-Ibpw

thWw.

Ihn ]d-™-Xs{X kXyw:

""Alva-Zns‚ ico-AØv CW-°n-t®¿Ø c≠v Iq´¿

Fs‚ ]nXm-h-W, amXm-hmW Ah-cmWv bYm¿Y Iq´¿

kXy-]m-X-bn¬ k©-cn-°p-t∂m-ct√m Ah¿

Zo\ns‚ ]mX-bn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-t∂m-ct√m Ah¿

\_n-bpsS IpSpw-_-°m¿, \_n-bpsS A\p-N-c¿!

Ch¿ c≠v ico-c-sa-¶nepw H‰ Bflm-hm¬ _‘n-X¿''1

kzlm-_-Øn-s‚tbm \_n-Ip -Spw -_-Øn-s‚tbm

t{ijvTX a\- n-em-°m≥ P¬]nX IY-Iƒ tXSn-t∏m-tI≠

bmsXmcp Imcy-hp-an-√. \ntj-[ntbm [n°m-cntbm am{X-amWv

Ah-cpsS t{ijvTX X≈n-∏-d-bp-I.

c≠v: dnt∏m¿´p-Isfms° icn-X-s∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw. \_n-

Ip-Spw-_-Øn-s‚bpw {]hm-N-Im-\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sSbpw t{ijvTX

hnfn-t®m-Xp∂ {]hr-Øn-I-fp-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]t£ B kw -̀h-

ßsf ZpjvS-em-t°msS Xn∑-bmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ {]h-

W-X. CXmWv c≠m-asØ C\w I≈-{]-Nm-c-Ww. Nne DZm-l-

c-W-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

30

* \_n(-k)-bpsS ac-W-tijw `c-W-®p-a-Xe Gs‰SpØ

A_q-_-°¿ kzn±oJv(d) aX-]-cn-Xym-Kn-I-tfmSv bp≤w sNøp-

I-bp-≠m-b-t√m. {]hm-N-Is‚ \n¿tZißƒ ]men-®p-sIm≠v

Ckvem-an-s‚bpw apkvenw-I-fp-sSbpw tKlw kwc-£n-°m≥

th≠n-sb-SpØ Xocp-am-\-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. F∂m¬ Cu

alXv I¿asØ Nne¿, kzn±o-Jp¬ AIv_¿(d) Ft¥m

A]-cm[w sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p F∂ a´n-emWv Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-

°p∂-Xv. CbmZp _n√m! Xs∂ ss_AØv sNøm≥ hnk-Ω-

Xn® apkvenw-I-tfmSv A_q-_-°¿(-d) bp≤w sNbvXp F∂m-

W-h¿ I≈-{]-Nm-cWw \S-Øp-∂-Xv. CXv sX‰n-≤m-c-W-I-fp-

≠m-°m≥ th≠n sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv.

A_q-_-°-dn(d)s‚ \S-]-Sn°v apgp-h≥ apXn¿∂ kzlm-

_n-I-fp-sSbpw apgp-h≥ Ckvem-anI kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw

GtIm-]n® AwKo-Im-c-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂ hkvXpX C°q-

´¿ I≠n-s√∂v \Sn-°p-∂p. \_n-Ip-Spw-_-Ønse {]ap-J-\mb

Camw Aen(-d)-bp-sSbpw AwKo-Imcw aX-]-cn-Xym-Kn-Isf t\cn-

Sp∂ Imcy-Øn¬ A_q-_-°dn(-d)\v e`n-®n-cp-∂p. {]hm-N-

Is‚ ac-W-tijw Ckvemw Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw kImØv

sImSp-°m≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-tcmSv F¥p \ne-

]mSv kzoI-cn-°Ww F∂v Aen(-d)-tbmSv A_q-_-°¿ (d)

tNmZn®p: "A_p¬ lk≥, F¥mWv Xm¶ƒ ]dbp-∂Xv?'

Aen(-d) ]d™p: "Ah-cn¬\n∂v {]hm-N-I≥ Fs¥ms°

FSp-Øn-cp-∂p-thm, Ah Xm¶ƒ ths≠∂v sh°p∂ ]£w

{]hm-NI Ncy°v hncp≤w {]h¿Øn-°p-I-bm-bn-cn°pw

Xm¶ƒ.'

At∏mƒ A_q-_-°¿(-d): "CXmWv Xm¶-fpsS A`n-{]m-

b-sa-¶n¬, Hcp H -́I-°-b-dmWv Ah-sc-\n°v \¬Im-Xn-cn-°p-

∂-sX-¶nepw Rm\-h-tcmSv bp≤w sNøpw.' 2

C°m-cy-Øn¬ Aen(-d)°v H∂mw Jeo-̂ -tbm-Sp-≠m-bn-

cp∂ Bflm¿Y-X°pw Iqdn\pw Ht´sd sXfn-hp-I-fp-≠v.

Ckvem-an\pw apkvenw-Iƒ°pw KpWw hcm\pw Jnem-̂ Øv

31

kwc-£n-°-s∏-Sm\pw apkvenw i‡n inYn-e-am-hm-Xn-cn-

°m\pw Aen(-d), A_q-_-°-dn(-d)\v apºn¬ Hcp \n¿tZiw

sh®p. aX-]-cn-Xym-Kn-Isf t\cn-Sm≥ A_q-_-°¿(-d) kzbw

Zp¬Jn F∂ ÿetØ°v bm{X-Xn-cn-°m≥ Hcp-ßnb

kμ¿ -̀am-bn-cp∂p AXv.

B kw-̀ hw C_v\p Da¿ Cßs\ dnt∏m¿ v́ sNøp∂p:

""Zp¬Jn- -bn-te°v t]mIm-\mbn A_q-_-°¿(-d) hml-\-

Øn¬ Ib-dm-s\m-cp-ßn-b-t∏mƒ At±-lsØ XS-™p-

\n¿Øn Aen(-d) ]d™p: ""Xm¶ƒ t\cn¬ Atßm v́ h∂v

Rßsf òXn-bn¬ AI-s∏-Sp-Ø-cp-Xv. Xm¶ƒ aZo-\-bn-te°v

Xncn-®p-t]m-hp-I. Xm¶-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Rßƒ òXn-bn-e-I-

s∏-´p-t]m-bm¬, A√m-lp-hm-W, ]ns∂ Ckvem-an\v Cu

hyhÿ D≠m-hp-I-bn-√.''3 Bflm¿YXbpsS \nd-Ip-S-amb

Camw Aen(-d)-bpsS hm°p-Iƒ ]men-®p-sIm≠v A_q-_-

°¿(-d) Xncn-®p-t]m-cp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.

Imcy-ßƒ Cßs\sbms°bm-sW∂v ]I¬t]mse

hy‡-am-bn´pw Nne-bm-fp-Iƒ ImWn-°p∂ AXn-{I-a-ßƒ

t\m°q. Hcmƒ Fgp-Xp-I-bm-Wv: ""A_q-_-°-dns‚ Jnem-

^Øv AwKo-I-cn-°mØ tKm{X-ßsf Ah¿ aX-]-cn-Xym-Kn-I-

sf∂ t]cv hnfn-®p. CXv AXn-{I-ahpw i{XpXm at\m-̀ m-h-hp-

am-Wv.''4

Cßs\ t]cv hnfn-®Xv Bscm-s°-bmWv? B Bfp-I-

fpsS t]cp-Iƒ {KŸ-I¿Ømhv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm-Ø-sX¥v?

C∏-d-™-Xn\v F¥p sXfn-hmWv At±-l-Øns‚ ssIh-i-ap-

≈Xv? I≈w sIń-®-a-°p-I, hkvXp-X-I-fpsS bmsXmcp

]n≥_-e-hp-an-√msX tcmKm-Xp-c-amb a\-t msS Ncn-{X-sØ-

°p-dn®v hn[n-]-d-bpI F∂X-√msX as‰-¥m-WnXv?

* C{]-Imcw Xs∂-bmWv Camw Aen(-d) Jhm-cn-Pp-I-fp-

ambn \S-Ønb bp≤-sØ-°p-dn®pw Nne¿ ]cm-a¿in-°m-dp-≈-

Xv. dkq-ens‚ Hcp {]h-N\w kXy-ambn ]pe-cp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p

B \S-]-Sn-bn-eq-sS. F∂m¬ Aen(-d)-bpsS Cu alXv IrXy-

32

sØ, At±-l-Øns‚ `c-W -ss\-]pWyw hnfn-t®m-Xp∂ Cu

kw -̀hsØ Xn∑bmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°m-\mWv Nne¿°v Xm¬]-

cyw. A_vZp-√m-ln_v\p A∫m-kn(-d)s\ Aen(-d) Jhm-cn-Pp-

I-fp-ambn kwkm-cn-°m-\mbn ]d-™-b-®Xv \mw kqNn∏n®

`c-W-ss\-]p-Wn°v DZm-l-c-WamWv.

* Camw lk≥(-d) apB-hn-b°v th≠n Jnem-̂ Øv Hgn-

™p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xn-s\bpw Ch¿ A]-cm-[-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-

∂p. {]hm-N-I≥ \S-Ønb {]h-N-\-Øns‚ km£m-XvIm-c-

sa∂ \ne-bn¬ apkvenw-I-fpsS c‡w Nn¥p-∂Xv XS-bm\pw

Ah-cpsS sFIyw `{Z-am-°m\pw Camw lk≥(-d) kzoI-cn®

\ne-]m-Sm-bn-cp∂p CXv. Cu t{ijvT {]hr-Ønsb Xn∑-bmbn

ImWp∂p Nne¿. Ah-cn¬ Nne¿ At±-lsØ "hnizm-kn-

Isf A]-am-\n-®-h≥' Bbn-t∏mepw hnti-jn-∏n-°m≥ aSn-Im-

Wn-°p-∂n-√.5 Cu hnh-c-tZm-jn-Iƒ {]hm-N-I≥(-k), lks\

{]iw-kn-®p-sIm-≠v ]d™ B hmIyw ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p.

{]hm-N-I≥ ]d™p: ""Fs‚ Cu aI≥ t\Xm-hm-Wv. apkvenw-

I-fnse c≠v henb hn`m-K-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ Ah≥ HØp-

Xo¿∏v D≠m-°n-tb-°pw.''6 AXm-Wn-hnsS kw -̀hn-®-Xv.

* aq∂mw Jeo^ Dkvam-\p_v\p A v̂̂ m≥(-d) Jp¿-

B≥ apkzvl^n¬ t{ImUo-I-cn-®-t∏mƒ AXpw Hcp tami-

s∏´ Imcy-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°m\pw AXns‚ t]cn¬ At±-

lsØ A[n-t£-]n-°m\pw Bfp-I-fp-≠m-bn. F∂m¬ \mfn-

Xp-h-sc-bp≈ apkvenw kaqlw Cu DZy-asØ Hcp al-XvIr-

Xy-am-bmWv IW-°m-°n-h-cp-∂-Xv. AXv Ckvem-an\pw

apkvenw-Iƒ°pw F{X henb A\p-{K-l-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v

A√m-lp-hn\v Adn-bmw, ]ns∂ hnh-c-ap-≈-h¿s°ms° Adn-

bmw. AXn-\m-emWv C°m-cy-Øn¬ Dkvam-s\(-d) Bt£-]n-

°p-∂-h-tcmSv Aen(-d) C{]-Imcw ]d-™Xv: ""P\-ß-tf,

Dkvams‚ Imcy-Øn¬ \nßƒ IS-∂p-]-d-b-cp-Xv. At±-lsØ

Ipdn®v \∑-b-√msX H∂pw ]d-b-cp-Xv. At±lw sNbvX-

sXt¥m AXv ˛Jp¿-B≥ apkzvl^p-I-fn¬ B°n-b-Xv˛

33

Rßƒ kz-lm-_n-I-fpsS IqSn AwKo-Im-c-tØm-sS-bm-Wv.-

Rm-\mWv At∏mƒ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-sb-¶n¬ Rm\pw AXmWv

sNøp-I.''7

Cßs\ kzlm-_n-I-sfbpw \_n-Ip-Spw-_-sØbpw

A[n-t£-]n-°p-Ibpw Ncn{X hkvXp-X-Isf Iogvta¬ adn-°p-

Ibpw sNøp∂ hnh-c-W-ßƒ \nc-h-[n. \mw Nne DZm-l-c-W-

ßƒ \¬In Ft∂-bp-≈q. Ckvem-anI Ncn{Xw hmbn-°p-∂-

h¿ Cu NXn-°p-gn-I-sf-°p-dn®v t_m-[hm-∑m-cm-I-Ww.

Cßs\ Ncn-{XsØ hf-s®m-Sn-°p-∂-hsc A√mlp t\¿h-

gn°v \S-Ø-s´.

aq∂v: ]d-b-s∏´ kw`hw bYm¿Y-Øn¬ \S-∂Xv Xs∂-

bm-bn-cn-°pw. ]t£, Nne-bm-fp-Iƒ AXn-t∑¬ h√msX Iqń-

∏-d-bpw. Aßs\ Hcp t]Pv hnh-cWw am{Xw Bh-iy-ap≈

Hcp kw -̀h-sØ-°p-dn®v Hcp ]q¿W ]pkvXIw Xs∂ Fgp-X-

s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu Iqń-∏-d-bp-∂-sX√mw I≈-P¬]-\-ß-fm-bn-cn-

°pw. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v kJo^ kw -̀hw. Hcp t]Pv ]d-bm-

\p≈ Imcy-ßtf Cu kw -̀hØn¬ D≈q. Nne¿ bYm¿Y

kw -̀h-Øn\v hncp-≤-amb Hcp-]mSv IY-Iƒ CtXmSv tN¿Øp.

Aßs\ Hcp ]pkvX-Iw- Xs∂ Fgp-Xm-\p≈ hI-bm-bn.

kzlm-_n-Isf A[-nt£-]n-°p-I-sb-∂-√msX as‰mcp

e£yhpw Cu \oń-∏-d-b-en\v C√. A¬ Pulcn Xs‚ A -

Jo^8 F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ sNøp-∂Xv AXm-Wv. Cu hnj-b-

Øn¬ thsd {KŸ-sa-gp-Xn-b-hcpw Ipsd I≈-°-Y-Iƒ ]S-

°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. dkn-ø-Xp¬ Jaokv kw -̀hhpw CXp-

t]m-se-Øs∂.

At∏mƒ hmb-\-°m-c≥ CtX-°p-dn-s®ms° t_m[-

ap≈h\m-bn-cn-°-Ww. bYm¿Y kw`-h-sa¥mWv, AtXm-

sSm∏w Iqń-t®¿Ø IY-Iƒ GXmWv F∂v Xncn-®-dn-b-Ww.

bYm¿Y kw`hw B[n-Im-cnI Ncn{X IrXn-I-fn-sems°

ImWmw. Iqń-t®¿Ø IY-Iƒ°v ]e-t∏mgpw bmsXmcp ASn-

ÿm-\-hp-ap-≠m-hn√; As√-¶n¬ Ah-bpsS \nth-ZI ]c-ºc

34

A∏msS hniz-kn-°m≥ sIm≈m-Ø-h-cm-bn-cn-°pw. GXp

\ne°pw h¿Py-amb CØcw Iqń-t®¿°-ep-Isf an°-hcpw

bmYm¿Yy-hp-ambn Iqń-°p-g-°p∂p F∂-XmWv C∂sØ

hen-sbmcp {]iv\w. Ch¿°v In´p-∂Xv hnI-e-am-°-s∏´ Hcp

Ncn-{X-am-bn-cn-°pw. Aßs\ CkvemanI Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Ign-

™p-t]mb alm-c-Y-∑msc Ipdn®v A[m¿an-I-amb hn[n-{]-

kvXm-h-ßƒ \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

\mev: kw`hw \S-∂Xv kXyw Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw. hnh-c-

Whpw BhiyØn\v. Iqńtbm Ipdt®m ]d-bp-∂n-√. ]t£

kw -̀h-Øn¬ CS-s]´ kzlm-_n-Iƒ°v Nne hogvN-Iƒ ]‰n-

bn-́ p-≠m-hpw. Ah¿ ]m]-kp-c-£n-X¿ (aAvkzqw) A√-t√m.

Ahcpw a‰p a\p-jy-sc-t∏m-se-bm-W-t√m. Xosc sX‰v ]‰m-Ø-

h¿ Bcp≠v? Hcm-fpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ \∑ am{Xta kw -̀hn-®p-

IqSq F∂v sh°p-∂-Xn¬ A¿Y-an-√. A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-

{Klw e`n® kzlm-_n-h-cy-∑m¿°pw sX‰v ]‰mw F∂v Icp-

Xp-∂-XmWv icn-bmb coXn. A{i-≤bpw ad-hnbpw a‰p-≈-hsc

t]mse Ah¿°pw kw -̀hn°pw; sX‰p-Ip-‰-ßƒ h∂p-t]m-Ip-

∂-Xn¬\n∂v kpc-£n-X-c√9 Ah¿. At∏mƒ \mw sNtø-

≠Xv Ah-cpsS \∑-Ifpw kZvIr-Xy-ßfpw FSp-tØm-XpI;

Fs¥-¶nepw A]m-IXIƒ kw -̀hn-®n-́ p-s≠¶n¬ AXns‚

]n∂mse IqSm-Xn-cn-°p-I. Ah¿°v kw -̀hn® sX‰p-I-fpw,

Ah¿ Zo\o am¿K-Øn¬ A¿∏n® tkh-\-ßfpw XymK-ßfpw

\mw Xpe\w sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ B sX‰p-Iƒ aW¬°q-

ºm-c-Ønse Hcp Xcn aW¬, As√-¶n¬ alm-\-Zn-bnse Hcn‰v

sh≈w am{X-am-bn-cn-°pw.

C\n kzlm-_n-am¿°n-S-bn¬ A\n-jvS-I-c-ambn Fs¥-

¶nepw D≠m-b-Xmbn hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-amb coXn-bn¬ sXfn-

™m¬ Xs∂, Ah-sc-°p-dn®v \√Xv hnNm-cn-°-W-sa∂pw

kZvhn-Nm-c-ßƒ sh®p ]pe¿Øm≥ G‰hpw tbmKy¿ Ah-cm-

sW-∂p-amWv C_v\p A_o sskZv A¬ ssJdp-hm-\n-bpsS

A`n-{]m-bw.10 C_v\p ZJoJv A¬-CuZv ]d-bp∂p: ""kzlm-_n-

35

am¿°nSbnep≠mbn F∂v D≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ X¿°-ßƒ,

`n∂m-̀ n-{]m-b-ßƒ F∂nh-bn¬ X\n I≈ {]kvXm-h-ßfp-

≠v. Ah-bn-te°v Xncn™p t\mt°-≠tX C√. Nne X¿°-

ßƒ Ah kw -̀hn-®n-́ p-s≠-∂-Xn\v hy‡-amb sXfn-hp-Iƒ

\ap°v e`n-®n-́ p-≠m-hpw. Ahsb \√ \ne-bn¬ hymJym-\n-

°m-\mWv \mw {ian-°p-I. ImcWw A√mlp kzlm-_n-Isf

t\csØ {]iw-kn-®n-́ p≠t√m. ]n∂oSv Ah-sc-°p-dn®v h∂

h¿Ø-am-\-ßƒ ]e hymJym\ km[y-X-I-fp-ap≈Xm-Wv.

AXn-\m¬ kwi-bm-kv]-Zhpw sX‰n-≤m-cWmP\-I-hp-am-b-Xv,

kpÿn-chpw Adn-b-s∏-́ -Xp-amb Hc-Sn-ÿm-\sØ (kz-lm-_-

Øns‚ Pohn-X-hn-ip-≤n) Zp¿_-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bn-√.11

A¬ BanZn ]d™p: ""{]hm-NI injy-∑m-sc-°p-dn®v

kZvhn-Nm-c-amWv \ap-°p-≠m-tI-≠-Xv. Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ kw -̀hn-

®-sXt¥m A°m-cy-ß-fn¬\n∂v \mw hn´p-\n¬°p-I. Ah-

cpsS sNbvXn-I-sfbpw hm°p-I-sfbpw k∑-\-t m-sSbpw \√

hnizm-k-tØm-sSbpw t\m°n°mWp-I. Ah-cpsS kZp-t±-iy-

tØm-sS-bp≈ At\z-j-Ww (C-PvXn-lm-Zv) Bbn Ahsb

Icp-Xp-I. Jp¿-B-\nepw Xncp-kp-∂-Ønepw {]hm-N-Im-\p-bm-

bn-Iƒ [mcm-f-ambn {]iw-kn-°-s∏-́ n-́ p-s≠∂ Imcyw \mw ad-

°-cp-Xv. Ah¿ hnip≤ PohnXw \bn-®-h-cm-sW∂v Ckvem-

anI kaq-lhpw H‰-s°-́ mbn AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-cn-te°v

tN¿Øp]d-bp∂ tami-s∏´ {]hr-Øn-Ifpw hm°p-Ifpw

sIń-®-a-®-h-bm-sW∂pw bmsXmcp ASn-ÿm-\-hp-an-√m-Ø-h-

bm-sW∂pw a\- n-em-°-Ww. ..... icn-bm-sW∂v sXfn™

{]hrØnIfpw hm°p-I-fp-am-sW-¶n¬ Ahsb \√ \ne-bn¬

hymJym-\n-°m≥ \mw {ian-°p-I. As√-¶n¬ B hnj-b-ß-

fn¬ \n∂v hn´p\n¬°p-I. Ah-bpsS hymJym-\tam

s]mcptfm X\n°v ]nSn-In-ń-bn-ń-s√∂v sh°p-I. Db¿∂

am\p-jn-I-Xbpw ssZh-̀ -b-hp-ap-≈-h-sc-°p-dn®v Aßs\ Icp-

Xp-I-bmWv A`n-Im-ayw. \mw A_≤-ß-fn¬ hogm-Xn-cn-°m≥

AXmWv icn-bmb hgn. Xm≥ kwkm-cn-t°-≠-Xn-√mØ Imcy-

36

Øn¬ au\w ]men-°p-I-sb-∂-XmWv AXn¬ CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xn-

t\-°mƒ DØ-aw. Dulm-t]m-l-ßfpw Zpcm-tcm-]-W-ßfpw

\nd-™m-Sp-I-bmWv Cu taJ-bn¬ F∂v hcp-tºmƒ {]tXy-

In-®pw.''12

\n¿`m-Ky-I-c-sa∂p ]d-b-s´, X¬]-c-I-£n-Iƒ alm-

∑m¿°v kw -̀hn-®p-t]mb sX‰p-Isf s]cp-∏n®v Im´p-I-bm-Wv.

F∂√ ZpjvS-em°v sh®v Ah¿ AXns‚ ]n∂mse IqSp-I-

bm-Wv; AXp am{X-amWv kXym-k-Xy-ßƒ hnth-Nn-®-dn-bm-

\p≈ GI am\-Zfiw F∂ a´n¬. B¿ CØcw Imcy-ßƒ

Adn-™pthm Ah≥ apAvan≥, AXv \ntj-[n-®-h≥ Im^n¿,

ap\m-̂ nJv!!

kzlm-_n-Iƒ XΩn-ep-≠m-sb∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ {]iv\-ß-

sf-°p-dn® B[n-Im-cnI Ncn{X tcJ-I-sfm∂pw Cs√-¶n¬,

]ns∂ \mw Ah-ew-_-ambn FSp-t°-≠Xv {]hm-N-I-in-jy-∑m-

sc-°p-dn® Jp¿-B-\nI ]cm-a¿i-ß-fm-Wv. AXmWv ASn-ÿm-

\w. Jp¿-B-\n-em-sW-¶n¬ A√mlp Ahsc {]iw-kn-°p-I-

bm-Wt√m sNbvXn-́ p-≈-Xv. ]n¬°m-eØv tami-°m-cm-hm≥

km[y-X-bp≈ Hcp hn`m-K-am -bn -cp∂p Ah-sc-¶n¬,

Fs∂∂pw \ne-\n¬°p∂ Jp¿-B-\n¬ AØcw ]pI-gvØ-

ep-I-sfm∂pw A√mlp \SØp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√t√m. Nne¿°v

sX‰p-Iƒ kw -̀hn®p Ft∂ \mw Icp-tX-≠-Xp-≈q. F√m a\p-

jy¿°pw kw -̀hn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se.

kzlm-_-Øns\ alm A{I-an-I-fmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-I,

Ah-cn¬ Im]Syw Btcm-]n-°p-I, Ahsc A[n-Imc tamln-

I-fmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°pI˛ CsX√mw AZr-iyhpw `mhnbpw

Adn-bp-∂-h≥ F∂ A√m-lp-hns‚ KpW-hn-ti-j-sØ sh√p-

hn-fn-°-em-Wv. A√mlp Ahsc {]iw-kn-®-t∏mƒ CsXm∂pw

ap≥Iq´n I≠n√ F∂t√ AXp-sIm≠v h∂p-tN-cpI? AXn-

\m¬ Hmdn-b‚-en-Ãp-Iƒ {]Nmcw \¬Ip∂ hnhc-ßfpw

ÿm]nX Xm¬]-cy-°m¿ AhcpsS Imcy-km-[y-Øn-\mbn

Na-®p-≠m-°nb IY-Ifpw hniz-kn®v \mw hgn-tI-Sn¬

37

s]´pt]mI-cp-Xv. Ch-cp-sS-sbms° hnh-cWw hmbn-®m¬

kzlm-_n-Iƒ, A[n-Im-c-°-tk-c°v ]n∂mse ]mbp-∂-h-

cn¬\n∂v H´pw -hy-Xy-kvX-c√ F∂mWv tXm∂p-I. H∂p-IqSn

Hm¿a-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p, N-cn{Xw hmbn-°p-tºmƒ \∂mbn Icp-X-

Ww. Ncn-{X-Øn¬ hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-ambn h∂ hnh-c-W-ßtf

hniz-kn°q F∂v sh°-Ww. sshcp-[y-ß-sfbpw ]c-kv]c

s]mcp-Ø-an-√mØ hnh-c-W-ß-sfbpw Hgn-hm-°-Ww. CXp

ImcWw Ncn-{X-Øns‚ "hep∏w' Ipd-™p-t]m-sb-¶n¬ Ipd-

bs´. I≈m-tcm-]-W-ßfpw I≈-°-Y-Ifpw \nd™ Ncn-{X-

tØ-°mƒ F¥p-sIm≠pw sa®w AXm-Wv. CXpt]mse

Nnesc Aan-X-ambn hnip-≤-h-XvI-cn-°p-∂Xpw s]m°n-∏-d-bp-

∂Xpw Ncn{XcN-\-bpsS kXy-k-‘-X°v \nc-°p-∂-X-√.

H∂pw- Iq-́ m-sXbpw Ipd-°m-sXbpw D≈Xv D≈ t]mse ]d-

bp-I. "saen™' Hcp Ncn-{X-amWv \ap-°Xphgn -In-́ p-∂-sX-¶n-

epw.

Nne-cp-≠v, Ah¿ Xß-fpsS Nne Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ°p

th≠n Hcp Ncn{X cN\m coXn Xs∂ ]S-®p-≠m-°n-°-f-bpw.

A_vZp-√m-ln_v\p k_Av F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ap¿Xfm

A¬ AkvIcn sNøp-∂Xv AXm-Wv. A_vZp-√m-ln_v\p

k_Av Fs∂m-cmtf C√ F∂mWv Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ]d-

bp-∂-Xv. k¿hmw-Ko-IrX Ncn{X kXy-ßsf X≈n-°-f-b-em-

Wn-Xv. F∂m¬ kzlm-_n-I-sf-°p-dn® F¥v Akw-_-‘-

ßfpw I≈-°-Y-Ifpw Bcv Fgp-∂-≈n-®mepw CØ-c-°m¿

AsXms° ]pkvX-I-ß-fn¬ Fgp-Xn-t®¿°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

ÿm]nX Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ kwc-£n-°m≥ Aßs\ th≠n-h-

cp-a-t√m. Ch¿ Ds≠∂v kzbw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ kq£va-X-

sbms° Fhn-sS-t∏mbn?

""\n\-°-dn-bmØhsb \o ]n≥]-‰-cp-Xv. ImXpw IÆpw

a\- p-sa√mw tNmZyw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-h -Xs∂'' (A¬-C-

kvdmAv 36) F∂ Jp¿-B≥ kq‡-Øn\v Xz_vXz-_mC

\¬Inb hni-Zo-I-cWw CØ-c-°m-cpsS {i≤-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-

38

cn-I-bm-Wv.

""Adn-hn-√mØ ImcysØ ]n≥]-‰p-∂Xv hne-°p-I-bmWv

Cu kq‡w. hnizm-k-Ønepw {]hr-Øn-bn-ep-ap≈ ]n≥]-‰-ep-

I-sf-sb√mw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ s]mXp {]kvXm-h-am-Wn-Xv. \ap-

°n-ßs\ ]d-bmw: \n\°v Adn-bm-ØXv \o hniz-kn-°-cp-Xv,

\n\°v hnh-c-an-√m-ØXv \o ]d-b-cp-Xv, \n\-°-dn-bm-ØXv \o

sNø-cp-Xv. CXn-sem-s°bpw ]n≥]-‰¬ D≠v. a\p-jys‚ ip≤-

{]-Ir-Xnbpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv, ⁄m\sØ ]n≥]-‰-W-

sa∂pw A√m-Ø-hsb ssIsbm-gn-b-W-sa-∂p-am-Wv. kwi-bm-

kv]-Zhpw Dulm-[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb h¿Ø-am-\-ßfpw sNbvXn-

Ifpw hnizm-k-ßfpw ⁄m\-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ s]Sp-I-bn-

√.'' 13

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ1. JlvXm-\n-bpsS "\q\nø' Ihn-X-Iƒ ImWp-I.

2. tUm. Aen kzem-_n-bpsS Aen Poh-N-cn-{X -Ir-Xn-bmb

Akvam¬ aXzm-en_v ^o kodØn Aen-øn_v\n A_o-Xzm-en_v (t]Pv

144).

3. C_v\p Iko-dns‚ A¬_n-Zmb h∂n-lmb, t]Pv 315,316

4. \_o¬ J¿Jn-bpsS Imanep-∂-÷m¿ hP-co-a-Xp¬ C¿Xn-ZmZv

F∂ IrXn. t]Pv 48

5. C_v\p ipAv_ A¬ ldm-\n-bpsS Xplv̂ p¬ DJq¬ A≥

Ben¿d-kq¬, t]Pv 308

6. Camw _pJmcn Xs‚ kzlo-ln¬ D≤-cn-®-Xv. \º¿ 2704

7. C_v\p-l-P¿ ^Xvlp¬ _mcnbn¬ D≤-cn-®Xv 9/18. D≤-cWw:

tUm. Aen kzem-_n-bpsS Akv\¬ aXzm-en_v ^o kodØn Aen,

t]Pv 190

8. Cu ]pkvX-I-sØ-°p-dn®v ]n∂oSv hcp-∂p≠v.

9. C∏-d-™Xv kzlm-_n-Iƒ \oXn-am∑mcmWv F∂ ASn-ÿm\

hkvXp-X°v FXn-cm-hp-∂n-√. ]m]-kp-c-£n-X-Xz(-CkzvaØv)hpw \oXn-

t_m-[(-A-Zm-e-Øv)hpw shtΔsd Xs∂ a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. kzlm-

_n-I-fn¬\n∂v bmsXmcp hn[ hogvN-Ifpw sX‰p-Ifpw kw -̀hn-°n√

F∂√ \oXn-t_m[w sIm≠p≈ hnh-£. Cßs\ Hcp ]fin-X\pw

39

]d-™n-́ p-an-√. AXv ]m]-kp-c-£n-X¿°v am{X-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. AXn-\m¬

CkzvaØpw AZm-eØpw c≠pw c≠m-Wv. AZm-e-Øp-sIm≠v hnh-£,

kzlm-_n-I-fpsS Pohn-X-hn-ip≤n Npgn™t\zjn-°msX Ah-cpsS cnhm-

b-Øp-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°pI F∂-Xm-Wv. Ah¿ kwkvIr-Xcpw Db¿∂

Pohn-X-hn-ip≤n ]pe¿Øp∂hcp-am-sW∂v Jp¿-B≥ Xs∂ km£y-s∏-

Sp-Øn-bn-́ p-≈-Xm-Wv. hl-_n-bpsS CAvXnJmZp Alven- p∂ ^n z-

lm_v (t]Pv 93), tUm. apl-ΩZv A_p¬ Jeo-ens‚ A¬ a≥l-Pp-̂ n-

Ø-B-apen aA cnhm-bØn ami-Pd ss_\- z-lm_v (t]Pv 49) F∂o

IrXn-Iƒ ImWp-I.

10. kzmenlv D_øv A¬ Akvl-cn-bpsS hymJym-\-tØmsS {]kn-

≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´ apJ-±n-aXp cnkm-eXn A_o sskZn¬ ssJdp-hm\n

(t]Pv 23).

11. A_vZp¬ Akokv A¬ AP-em-Øns‚ Akzvlm_p dkq-en-

√mln h aZm-ln-_p-∂mkn ̂ olnw (t]Pv 360) F∂ IrXn ImWp-I.

12. Kmb-Xp¬ admw, t]Pv 1/390

40

\_n-Ip-Spw-_-sØ-°p-dn®

sX‰n-≤m-c-W-Iƒ

41

\_n-IpSpw-_-Øns‚ Ncn{Xw ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ Bdv Imcy-

ßƒ hmb-\-°m-c≥ Adn-™p-sh-°-Ww.

H∂v: \_n-Ip-Spw-_-Øn\v \¬I-s∏´ Db¿∂ ÿm\w

i{Xp-°ƒ°v apkvenw-Iƒ°n-S-bn-te°v \pg™p Ib-d¬

Ffp -∏ -am -°n -bn -cn -°p -∂p. \_n -Ip -Spw -_-tØm-Sp≈

kvt\lhpw Iqdpw {]I-Sn-∏n-°m-s\∂ hymtP-\, B IpSpw-_-

Øns‚ t{ijvT-X-I-sf-°p-dn®v Ah¿ ]e-Xcw I≈-ßfpw

sI´n-bp-≠m-°pw. \_n-Ip-Spw-_-Øns‚ t{ijvT-X-Iƒ

Fßpw kzoIm-cy-amb H∂m-b-Xn-\m¬, Ah-sc-°p-dn®v

Fs¥m-s° ]d™mepw bmsXmcp At\z-j-Wtam \ncq-]-

Wtam \S-ØmsX P\w AsXms° icn-sb∂v hniz-kn-®p-I-

f-bpw. \_n-Ip-Spw-_-Ønse Camapam¿ Xs∂ C°mcyw kΩ-

Xn-®n-́ p-≠v. At∏mƒ ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ t{ijvT-X-Ifpw KpW-K-W-

ßfpw D≈Xv Xs∂tbm F∂v \mw At\z-jn-t°-≠n-h-cpw.

\_n-Ip-Spw-_-Ønse {]i-kvX-\mb Camw PAv^¿

kzmZnJv ]d™p: ""Rß-sf-°p-dn®v I≈w ]d-bm≥ P\-

Øn\v henb Xm¬]-cy-am-Wv.''1 At±lw XpS-cp∂p: ""Rßƒ

Alvep-ss_-Øp-Im¿ kXy-k-‘-cm-Wv. ]t£, Nne¿ Rß-

fpsS t]cn¬ I≈-ßƒ ]d-™p-≠m-°p-∂p. B I≈w

]d®n¬sIm≠v P\-ß-fp-sS-b-SpØv Rß-fpsS kXy-k-‘X

A[ymbw aq∂v

42

\jvS-s∏-Sp-∂p.''2

icoJp_v\p A_vZn√ Hcp kw`hw ]d-bp-∂p-≠v:

""PAv̂ ¿ ]d™p F∂ Bap-J-tØmsS P\w ]e-Xcw If-

hp-Iƒ ]d™p ]c-Øm≥ XpSßn. Aßs\ PAv̂ dp_v\p

apl-ΩZv F∂-bmƒ Zp¿_-e\pw hniz-kn-°m≥ sIm≈m-Ø-h-

\p-am-sW∂ [mcW ]c-∂p. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Cu PAv̂ ¿

kXy-k-‘\pw hniz-kvX\pw k¬°¿an-bp-amb Hcp a\p-jy-

\m-Wv. kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv CXmWv: P\w At±-l-Øns‚

ASpØp t]mIp-∂p. Xncn-®p-h-cp-tºmƒ PAv̂ ¿ ]d™p

F∂ Bap-J-tØmsS ]e-Xcw I≈ h¿Ø-am-\-ßƒ At±-

l-Øn-te°v tN¿Øv ]d-bpw. I≈w {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-h¿°v

kmº-Øn-Ihpw a‰p-amb Xme¬]-cy-ß-fp-≠m-hpw.''3

c≠v: {]hm-NI IpSpw-_-Øns‚ t{ijvT-X-I-sf-°p-dn®v

F{X-am{Xw sI´n-®-a® lZo-kp-Ifpw IY-I-fp-ap-t≠m,

A{Xtbm AXn-e-[n-Itam {]hm-NI injy-∑m-sc-°p-dn®pw

CØcw hymP-ßƒ {]N-cn-®n-́ p-≠v. kzlm-_n-I-fpsS t{ijvT-

X-sb-°p-dn®v h∂ {]_e lZo-kp-I-tf-°mƒ F{Xtbm

Cc´n hcpw Cu hymP lZo-kp-Iƒ. t{ijvT-X-I-sf-°p-dn-®m-

Wt√m F∂v IcpXn CØcw hnh-c-W-ßƒ Ah-bpsS \nth-

ZI ]c-º-c-sb-°p-dn®v At\z-jn-°msX kzoI-cn-°-cp-Xv.

aq∂v: \_n-Ip-Spw-_mw-K-ß-fpsS t{ijvT-X-sb-°p-dn®v

h∂ ]cm-a¿iw, B KpW-ßƒ Ah-cn¬ am{Xw ]cn-an-X-am-

sW∂v A¿Y-am-°p-∂n-√. "Hcm-fpsS t{ijvTX FSpØp

]d™p F∂v IcpXn B t{ijvTX B hy‡n-bnte D≈q

F∂v hcp-∂n-√'4 F∂mWv {]am-Ww. Aen(-d)-sb-°p-dn®v̨

At±lw \_n-Ip-Spw-_-Ønse AwK-amWv ˛ \_n(-k)

]d™ ""Rm\o ]XmI Hcmƒ°v sImSp-°pw. At±-l-Øns‚

ssIbm¬ A√mlp hnPbw \¬Ipw. At±lw A√m-lp-hn-

s\bpw {]hm-N-I-s\bpw kvt\ln-°p∂p; A√m-lphpw {]hm-

N-I\pw At±-l-sØbpw kvt\ln-°p-∂p''5 F∂ hmIy-

ßƒ°v, CXn¬ ]d™ KpW-ßƒ Aen(-d)-b-√mØ a‰p

43

\_n-Ip-Spw-_mw-K-ßƒ°v C√ F∂ A¿Y-apt≠m? lk-

s\bpw lpssk-s\bpw A√mlp CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂n√ F∂v

AXn\v A¿Yw sh°mtam? kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw C√ F∂m-bn-

cn°pw DØ-cw. kz¿K-Ønse bph-k-aq-l-Øns‚ t\Xm-°-fm-

Wt√m lk\pw lpssk-\pw. Ahsc A√mlp CjvS-s∏-Sp-

sa∂v Xo¿®. At∏mƒ, {]kvXpX \_n-h-N-\-ß-fn¬ Aen(-

d)sb ]cm-a¿in-®Xv At±-l-Øns‚ alØzw FSp-Øp-Im-

´m≥ th≠n am{X-am-sW∂v hcp-∂p.

Cu c≠v Jp¿-B-\nI kq‡-ßƒ {i≤n-°pI: ""\_n-Ip-

Spw-_-ta, \nß-fn¬\n∂v amen\yw \o°n-°-f-bm\pw \nßsf

]q¿W-ambpw ip≤o-I-cn-°m-\p-amWv A√mlp Dt±-in-°p-

∂Xv'' (A¬ Alvkm_v 33).

""\nßsf {]bm-k-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ A√mlp Dt±-in-°p-∂n-√.

F∂m¬ \nßsf ip≤o-I-cn-°m\pw \nßƒ°v Ahs‚

A\p-{Klw ]q¿Øo-I-cn®v Xcm\pw Ah-\p-t±-in-°p∂p''

(A¬am-CZ 6).

Cu c≠v kq‡-ßfpw tN¿Øp-hm-bn-®m¬, A√mlp

F√m kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw lrZ-b-ßsf ip≤o-I-cn-°p-

sa∂v hy‡-am-Ipw. \_n IpSpw-_sØ ChnsS {]tXyIw

FSpØp ]d-™Xv Ah-cpsS t{ijvTX Imc-W-am-Wv. \_n-

Ip-Spw-_-Ønse Nne¿ Nne khn-tij KpW-ß-fm¬ A\p-

Kr-lo-X-cm-Wv. Ah B Af-hn¬ a‰m-cnepw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.

CXp-t]m-se, kzlm-_n-I-fn¬ ]e¿°p-ap≠v A\ym-Zr-i-amb

KpW-hn-ti-j-ßƒ. B KpW-ß-fn¬ a‰mcpw ]¶p-tN-cp-∂p-an-

√. "IkmAv' F∂ t]cn¬ {]kn-≤-amb B \_n-h-N-\-

Ønse D≈-S-°hpw CXp-t]mse ImW-Ww. \_n-Ip-Spw-_-

Ønse Aen, ^mXzn-a, lk≥, lpssk≥(-d) F∂n-h-cpsS

KpW-hn-ti-jß-fmWv AXn¬ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Ch¿ {]hm-

N-Is‚ hfsc ASpØ kz¥-°m¿ Xs∂. F∂m-e-h¿ {]hm-

N-I-t\m-sSm∏w At±-l-Øns‚ ho´n¬ Bbn-cp-∂n√ Xma-kn-

®n-cp-∂-Xv. Cu \_n-h-N-\-Øn¬\n∂v Aen, ^mXzna, lk≥

44

lpssk-∑m-cn¬ ]cn-an-X-amWv \_n IpSpw_w F∂v hcp-∂n-

√. Nnesc AIØpw Nnesc ]pdØpw B°p-∂-Xn\v

bmsXmcp \ymbo-I-c-W-hp-an-√. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS amXm-°-fmb

\_n-]-Xv\n-am¿ Fß-s\-bmWv Alvep¬ ss_Øn¬\n∂v

]pd-Ømbnt∏mhpI? A√m-lp-hns‚ ImcpWyw F√m-h-

scbpw Nqgv∂p \n¬°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Hcmsf ]pd-Øm°n as‰m-

cmsf AI-Øm-°p∂ k¶p-Nn-XXzw AhnsS ImWp-I-bn-√.

]Øv ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿ D≈ Hcmƒ ]d-bp-I-bmWv: "Dadpw

Aenbpw JmenZpw Fs‚ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cmWv.' CXn-\¿Yw

_m°n Ggp t]¿ At±-l-Øns‚ ktlm-Z-c -∑m-c√

F∂mtWm? Nnesc t]sc-SpØp ]d-bp∂ coXn Ad-_n-̀ m-j-

bn¬ hym]-I-amWv; Jp¿-B-\nepw AXp-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v:

""BImi `qan-I-fpsS krjvSn \S∂ \mƒ sXm v́ A√m-lp-

hns‚ ASp-°¬ ssZhnI {]am-W-a-\p-k-cn®v amk-ß-fpsS

FÆw ]{¥-≠m-Wv. Ah-bn¬ \mseÆw bp≤w hne-°-s∏-́ -

h-bm-Wv. CXmWv sNmΔmb Zo≥'' (AØu_ 36). icn-bmb

Zo\n¬s]´ Hcp kwK-Xn-bm-WnXv Ft∂ ChnsS A¿Y-ap-≈q.

amk-ßƒ \nP-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂-Xnepw AXn¬ \mseÆw

bp≤w hne-°-s∏-́ -Xm-hpI F∂-Xnepw ]cn-an-X-a-√t√m icn-

bmb Zo≥. AXp-t]mse t\ctØ ]cm-a¿in® \_n-h-N-\-

Øn¬ (I-kmAv) "Ch¿ Fs‚ IpSpw-_-°m-cm-Ip∂p' F∂v

]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Fs‚ IpSpw-_-°m-cn¬ s] -́h-cmWv Ft∂

A¿Y-ap-≈q. Cu lZokv {]Im-cw, \mev t]scm-gnsI a‰p-≈-

hsc \_n-Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬ \n∂v am‰n-\n¿Øp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬

Aen-øp-_v\p¬ lpssk≥, apl-Ω-Zp¬ _mJn¿, PAv̂ ¿

kzmZnJv XpS-ßnb {]ap-J-scms° Fßs\ \_n-Ip-Spw-_mw-

K-ß-fmbn? \_n Cu hN\w ]d-bp-tºmƒ Cubm-fp-I-

sfm∂pw P\n-®nt´ D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√-t√m.6

\mev: t{ijvT-X°v shdpw IpSpw-_-_‘w am{Xw aXn-bm-

hp-I-bn-√. IpSpw-_-t{i-jvT-X, \_n(-k)-bp-am-bp≈ ASp-∏w,

ASn-bp-d® Cuam≥ XpSßnb Imc-W-ß-fm¬ \_n-Ip-Spw-_-

45

Ønse Hmtcm AwK-sØbpw \mw CjvS-s∏-́ n-cn-°-W-sa-∂-

tXm-sSm∏w Xs∂, B hy‡n-bn¬ hcp∂ hogvN-Iƒ \mw

Nq≠n-°m-́ p-Ibpw sNøpw. C°m-cy-Øn¬ Ahcpw Ckvem-

anI kaq-l-Ønse a‰p hy‡n-Ifpw XΩn¬ hyXym-k-an-√.

""BcpsS I¿a-ßƒ ]Xp-s°bmtbm, Ahs\ hwi-_‘w

thK-Øn-em-°p-I-bn√''7 F∂ XØzw Xs∂-bmWv Chn-sS-

bpw.

A©v: \_nIpSpw-_sØ Aen, ^mXzn-a, lk≥,

lpssk≥ F∂n-h-cn-te°pw lpssks‚ HºXv a°-fn-

te°pw Npcp-°p-∂Xv Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw icn-bm-hp-I-bn-√.

Cu ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Ø¬ bmYm¿Yy-Øn\v hncp-≤-am-Wv.

\_n-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-ep≈ \nc-h[n t]¿°v B hnip-≤nbpw

]hn-{X-Xbpw \ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xn\v Xpey-am-Wn-Xv. ta¬ ]d-b-

s∏-́ -h-cn-te°v am{X-ambn \_n-bpsS IpSpw-_sØ Npcp-°p-I-

bp-am-Wn-Xv. At∏mƒ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw \mw tNmZn-®p-t]m-Ipw:

˛ \_n(-k)-bpsS ]nXr-k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-scms° FhnsS?

˛ A_vZp¬ apØz-en -_ns‚ a°-fn -sem-cm -ft√

lwk(d)bpw?

˛ lwk(-d)-sb-°p-dn®v Hcp-]mSv t{ijvT-X-Iƒ ]d-b-s∏-́ n-

´nt√? At±lw "A√mlp-hns‚ knwl'hpw '{]hm-N-Is‚

knwl'hpw Bbn-cp-∂nt√? _Zvdnse ]S-bm-fnbpw Dlp-Znse

c‡-km-£n-bp-am-bn-cp-∂nt√? At±lw c‡-km-£n-bmb

hnh-c-a-dn-™-t∏mƒ, apsº-ßp-an-√mØ hn[w {]hm-N-I≥

ZpxJm-Ip-e-\mbn ImW-s∏-́ n-cp-∂nt√?

˛ lwk(-d)-sb-°p-dn-®t√ \_n(-k) ]d-™Xv: ""A¥y-

\m-fn¬ c‡-km-£n-I-fpsS t\Xmhv lwk-bm-bn-cn°pw.'' 8

˛ A_vZp¬ apØz-en-_ns‚ aI≥ Xs∂-bt√ A∫m-kv

(d)? At±lw a°m hnP-b-Øn\v km£n-bm-hp-Ibpw

lpss\≥ bp≤-Øn¬ ]X-dmsX s]mcp-Xp-Ibpw sNbvXnt√?

˛ A∫m-kn(-d)-s\-°p-dn®v Cßs\ h∂n-´p-≠-t√m:

46

""Rm≥ A∫m-kn¬\n-∂m-Wv. A∫mkv F∂n¬ \n∂mWv.'' 9

-̨ \_n(-k) ho≠pw ]d™p: ""P\-ß-tf, Bsc-¶nepw

Fs‚ ]nXr-k-tlm-Z-cs\ D]-{Z-hn®m¬ Ah≥ Fs∂ D]-{Z-

hn-®p. Hcm-fpsS ]nXmhpw ]nXr-k-tlm-Z-c\pw Htc sR´n-ep-

≈-h-cm-W-t√m.''10

˛ ]nXr-k-tlm-Z-c∑mcpsS a°ƒ Fhn-sS-t∏mbn?

˛ A_q-Xzm-en-_ns‚ aI≥ PAv̂ ¿ AØz-øm¿ FÆ-

a‰ kZvKp-W-ß-fpsS DS-a-bm-bn-cp-∂nt√?

˛ ""Fs‚ ico-c-{]-Ir-Xn-tbmSpw kz`mh KpW-ß-tfmSpw

\n\°v kmZr-iy-ap≠v'' F∂v \_n(-k) PAv̂ dn-s\-°p-dn-

®t√ ]d-™-Xv.11

˛ Ckvemw kzoI-cn® BZy-sØ-bm-fp-I-fn¬ Hcm-ft√

PAv̂ ¿?

˛ FtXym-]y-bn-te°v lnPvd t]mbncp∂t√m PAv̂ ¿.

\_n(-k) a°-bn-te°v lnPvd t]mb-t∏mgpw PAv^¿

FtXym-]y-bn¬ Xs∂ XpS¿∂p. ssJ_¿ bp≤ hnP-b- k-

μ¿`ØnemWv ]ns∂ PAv^¿ aZo-\-bn-se-Øp-∂-Xv.

PAv̂ dns\ I≠ BÀm-Z-Øn¬ \_n At±-lsØ Benw-

K\w sNøp-Ibpw IÆpIƒ°n-S-bn¬ Npw_n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. F∂n v́ ]d™p: ""F\n-°-dn-bn√ F\n-t°-XmWv

G‰hpw BÀm-Zw ]I-cp-sX∂v: ssJ_¿ hnP-b-am-tWm,

AtXm PAv̂ dns‚ hc-hmtWm?'' 12

˛ apAvXbn-te°v sskZp_v\p lmcn-k-tbm-sSm∏w D]-

\m-b-I-\mbn \_n(-k) PAv̂ dns\ Ab-®p. A√m-lp-hns‚

am¿K-Øn¬ H´p-h-fsc ]co-£-W-ßƒ°p tijw apAvX

bp≤-th-f-bn¬ PAv̂ dns‚ c≠v ssIIfpw apdn®p am‰-s∏-́ p.

]n∂oSv c‡-km-£n-bm-bn. apdn®p am‰-s∏´ ssIIƒ°v ]I-c-

ambn A√mlp PAv^dn\v kz¿K-Øn¬ c≠v Nnd-Ip-Iƒ

\¬In-sb∂v kXy-hn-ip-≤-\mb dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n(-k) Xs∂-

bt√ \sΩ Adn-bn-®-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bt√ "]mdn-∏-d-

47

°p-∂-h≥' (Xz-øm¿) F∂v At±-l-Øn\v hnfn-t∏-cp-≠m-b-Xv.

\_n(-k) ]d™p: ""C∂se Rm≥ kz¿K-Øn¬ {]th-in-®p.

At∏m-gXm PAv̂ ¿ ae-°p-I-tfm-sSm∏w ]mdn-∏-d-°p-∂p.''13

PAv̂ dn(d)s‚ t{ijvT-X-I-fn¬ NneXv ChnsS kqNn-∏n-

®p-sh∂v am{Xw.

˛ C\n A∫m-kn(d)s‚ aI≥ A_vZp-√-bpsS al-Øz-

ßƒ.

Jp¿-Bs‚ hymJym-Xmhpw (X¿Pp-am-\p¬ Jp¿-B≥)

kaq-lØns‚ ⁄m\n(l-_vdp¬ DΩx)-bp-at√ At±lw?

Adn-hns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ ]mcm-hm-c-tØm-SmWv At±lw D]-an-

°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. -Zo≥ {Kln-°m\pw hymJym-\n-°m\pw

A_vZp-√°v Ign-hp-≠m-Is´ F∂v {]hm-N-I≥ {]m¿Yn-®n-cp-

∂nt√.14

˛ Aen(d)tbmsSm∏w Pa¬, kzn v̂̂ o≥ bp≤-ß-fn¬

A_vZp√ D≠m-bn-cp-∂nt√? At±-l-Øns‚ t{ijvTX

apXn¿∂ kzlm-_n-Ifpw ]n≥ap-d-°mcpw AwKo-I-cn-®-Xt√?

˛ Aen(d)°pw Hcp henb k¥m\ ]c-º-c-bnt√?

˛ lpssks‚(d) _m°n a°fpw Ah-cpsS a°fpw

Fhn-sS-t∏mbn? lpssks‚ t]c-°p´n Iq^-bnse c‡-

km£n sskZp_v\p Aen-øn_v\p lpssk\pw ]ns∂-bp≈

k¥m-\-]-c-º-c-Ifpw FhnsS?

˛ lks‚ k¥m-\-ßƒ FhnsS?

˛C-h-scm∂pw \_n IpSpw-_-Øn¬ s]Sn-s√-∂mtWm ]d-

bp-∂Xv?

˛ Ch¿ s]Sn√ F∂m-sW-¶n¬, Ahsc ]pd-Øm-°n-bXv

BcmWv?

˛ Cu \oN-hrØn sNøm≥ F¥v sXfn-hmWv Ah-cpsS

]°-ep-≈-Xv? CXns‚ ]n∂n¬ h√ KqVm-tem-N-\-bp-

apt≠m?15

Cu hnjbw hni-Z-ambn N¿® sNøpI ChnsS Dt±-iy-a-

48

√. \_n-Ip-Spw-_-Øns‚ Ncn{Xw Nne¿ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-t\-

°mƒ F{Xtbm hnim-ehpw al-Ø-c-hp-am-sW∂v hy‡-am-

°m≥ Nne kqN-\-Iƒ \¬In-sb∂p am{Xw.

At∏mƒ \_nIpSpw-_-Øn¬ [mcmfw AwK-ß-fp≠v.

Ah¿°v Zm\-[¿a-ßƒ (kz-Z-J) kzoI-cn-°m≥ ]mSn-√.

kzZJ kzoI-cn-°m≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-h¿ lminw IpSpw-_hpw

\_n ]Xv\n-am-cp-am-W-t√m. At∏mƒ \_n ]Xv\n-amcpw \_n

IpSpw_w Xs∂. ]t£ Ah¿ hwi-]-c-ambn Cu IpSpw-_-

Øn¬ s]Sp-∂n-√. hnhmlw hgn ]n∂oSv Bbn-Øo¿∂-Xm-Wv.

CXv ÿnco-I-cn-°p∂ [mcmfw hnizmktbmKy-amb tcJ-I-fp-

≠v.

lpsskz -\p_v\p AJ-_-bpsS tNmZy -Øn\v

sskZp_v\p A¿Jw \¬Inb adp-]-Sn-bn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp-

∂p: ""{]hm-NI ]Xv\n-am¿ Ahn-SsØ IpSpw-_-Øn¬s∏Sp-

∂p. {]hm-N-Is‚ IpSpw-_-°m¿s°√mw kzZJ \njn-≤-am-

hpw: lpsskz≥ tNmZn®p: "Ah¿ Bscm-s°-bm-Wv, sskZv?'

lpsskz≥: "Aen IpSpw-_w, PAv̂ ¿ IpSpw-_w, DssI¬

IpSpw-_w, A∫mkv IpSpw-_w.'16

Bdv: Nne kwi-bm-kv]-Z-amb IrXn-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬

Ah-bpsS Xmfp-I-fn-ep-S-\o-fw, \_n IpSpw-_mw-K-ßƒ {]hm-

N-Is‚ ac-W-tijw Jpe-̂ m-D-dm-in-Zp-I-fpsS ImeØpw Aa-

hn-̨ -A-∫mkn Ime-ß-fnepw AXn-{I-a-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-cm-hp-

Ibpw ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sh∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-

bXv ImWmw. \_n-Ip-Spw-_-Ønse Hmtcm t\Xmhpw XS-hn-e-

S-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm \mSp-I-S-Ø-s∏-Sp-Itbm hnjw \¬I-s∏-Sp-

Itbm h[n-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm Hs° sNbvX-Xmbn B IrXn-I-

fn¬ hnh-cn-°p-∂p. Cu hmZ-ßƒ°v c≠v coXn-bn¬ adp-]Sn

]d-bmw.

1. \_nIpSpw-_-Øn\v t{ijvT-X-bp-s≠-∂Xpw AXv Adn-

b-W-sa-∂Xpw B _lp-am-\mZ-c-hp-Iƒ Ah-tcmSv ImWn-°-

W-sa-∂Xpw Alvep- p-∂-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬s∏ -́Xm-

49

Wv. A°m-cy-Øn¬ B¿°pw X¿°-an-√. {]hm-N-Is‚ hkzn-

øØv Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂t√m: ""Fs‚ IpSpw-_-°m-cpsS

Imcyw A√m-lp-hns‚ t]cn¬ Rm≥ \nßsf Hm¿a-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂p'' (CXv \_n c≠v XhW Bh¿Øn-®p).17 \_nIpSpw-_-

sØ-°p-dn®v Alvep- p-∂-Øns‚ hnizm-k-{]-am-W-ßƒ

Ah¿ t{ImUo-Icn® lZokv {KŸ-ß-fnepw AJo-Z-̨ -̂ nJvlv

]pkvX-I-ß-fnepw Ncn{X IrXn-I-fn-ep-sa√mw \ap°v

ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. \_n-Ip-Spw-_-Øns‚ t{ijvTX hnh-cn-

°p∂ lZo-kp-Iƒ {]tXyI A[ym-b-ß-fn-em-bn-Øs∂

lZokv IrXn-I-fn¬ tN¿ØXv ImWmw. hnizmk Imcy-ßƒ

hnh-cn-°p∂ IrXn-I-fn¬ Cu hnjbw ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p.

kzZJ t]mep-≈h \_n-Ip-Spw-_-Øn\v \njn-≤-amWv F∂

]cm-a¿i-Øn-s‚bpw a‰pw \nb-a-hn-[n-I-fmWv ^nJvlv {KŸ-

ß-fn¬ ImWp-I. \_n-Ip-Spw-_mw-K-ß-fpsS hni-Z-amb Poh-N-

cn{X Ipdn-∏p-I-fmWv Alvep- p∂ Bi-b-°m-cpsS Ncn{X

IrXn-I-fn-ep-≈-Xv.

CXmWv Alvep- p-∂-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-sa-¶n¬, AXn\v

hncp-≤-amb Hcp \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ hfsc hy‡-

amb sXfnhv thWw. Ncn{Xw kq£va-ambn hmbn-®m¬

Xs∂, Alvep- p-∂-sb-°p-dn®pw Ah-cnse `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-

sf-°p-dn®pw Nne¿ D∂-bn-°p∂ Btcm-]-W-ßƒ hymP-am-

sW∂v hy‡-am-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. `c-Wm-[n-Im-c-sØ-s®m√n X¿°-

ßƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xv icn-bm-Wv. Camw sskZv \S-

Ønb hnπ-h-Ønepw a‰pw Aß-s\-sbmcp hi-am-Wp-≈-Xv.

AXns\ \_n-Ip-Spw-_-tØm-Sp≈ hntZz-j-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-

I-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠m-Wt√m Camw C_v\p ssXanø ]d-

™Xv: ""lpssks\ h[n-®-h¿°pw h[n-°m≥ klm-bn-®-

h¿°pw A√m-lp-hns‚, ae-°p-I-fpsS, apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-cpsS

im]-ap-≠m-I-s´.''18

AXn-\m¬ CØcw I≈-h¿Ø-am-\-ßƒ kzoI-cn®v

Ckvem-anI Ncn-{XsØ hnIr-X-am-°m≥ \mw A\p-h-Zn-°-cp-

50

Xv. Akzv̂ lm\n Xs‚ apJm-Xn-ep-Øzm-en-_o≥ F∂ IrXn-

bn¬ CXmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. Akzv^lm\n-bpsS IrXn-Iƒ

Ah-ew-_n-°p-tºmƒ kq£n-°-Ww. ta¬]-d™ ]pkvX-I-

Øn¬ Ncn-{X-sa∂ t]cn¬ Hcp-]mSv sI´p-I-Y-Iƒ \nc-Øn-bn-

cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Alvep- p-∂sb A]-Io¿Øn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂

H´p-h-fsc ]cm-a¿i-ß-fp-≠-Xn¬. AsXms° Ncn{X kXy-am-

sW∂v Hcmƒ°pw sXfn-bn-°m≥ Ign-™n-́ p-an-√.

Ncn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Jeo-̂ -am¿ \_n-Ip-Spw-_sØ

BZ-cn-°m≥ {]tXyIw Xm¬]cyw ImWn-®n-cp∂p F∂v

t_m[y-am-Ipw. A_q-_-°¿ kzn±oJv ]d™p: ""apl-Ω-Zns‚

Ip-Spw-_-Øns‚ Imcyw \nßƒ {]tXyIw {i≤n-°pI.''19

At±lw as‰m-cn-°¬: ""{]hm-NIs‚ IpSpw-_-_-‘p-Xz-amWv

Fs‚ IpSpw-_-_-‘-tØ-°mƒ F\n°v {]nb-¶-cw.''20

Aen-sbbpw ^mXzn-a-sbbpw A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXp-

sIm≠v A_q-_-°¿(d) ]d™p: ""A√m-lp-hm-W, Rßƒ

hoSpw kºm-Zyhpw IpSpw-_-_-‘-ßfpw F√mw Dt]-£n-®Xv

A√m-lp-hn-s‚bpw dkq-en-s‚bpw Xr]vXn Imw£n-®mWv;

]ns∂ \_n-ho-́ p-Im-cmb \nß-fp-sSbpw.''21

F{X hsc F∂psh®m¬, A_q-_-°¿ Xs‚

AkvamAv (D-ssa-kns‚ aIƒ) F∂ `mcy-sb, ^mXzn-a°v

kpJ-an-√m-Xm-b-t∏mƒ Ahsc ]cn-N-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw ip{iq-jn-

°p-∂-Xn\pw Atßm´v ]d-™-b-®n-cp-∂p. ^mXzna acn-®-

t∏mƒ Ahsc Ipfn-∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw I^≥ sNøp-∂-Xnepw

AkvamAv ]¶m-fn-bm-bn.22

Da-dp-_v\p¬ JØzm_v(d) \_n-]p{Xn ^mXzna(d)tbmSv

]d™p: ""{]hm-N-Is‚ ]p{Xo, krjvSn-I-fn¬ \nß-fpsS

]nXm-hn-t\-°mƒ Rßƒ as‰m-cm-sfbpw CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.

]nXmhv Ign-™m¬ ]ns∂ Rßƒ°v G‰-hp-anjvSw \nß-

sf-bm-Wv.''23

X\n°p tijw Jeo-̂ -bm-Im≥ tbmKy-cm-b-h-cpsS Hcp

]´nI Xbm-dm-°n-b-t∏mƒ Da¿(d) AXn¬ Aen(d)sbbpw

51

Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂-t√m. Aen(d)bpsS ]p{Xn DΩp-Ip¬kq-

ans\ Da¿(d) IeymWw Ign-°p-Ibpw sNbv-Xn-cp-∂p.24

CXp-t]mse {]tim-`n-X-amWv l. Dkvam\p_v\p

A v̂̂ ms‚(d) Poh-N-cn-{X-hpw. \ne-]m-Sp-I-fnepw Xocp-am-\-

ß-fn-ep-sa√mw \_n-Ip-Spw-_-Øns‚ ]¶m-fnØw At±lw

Dd∏v hcp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. H´p-h-fsc {]iv\-ß-fn¬ At±lw

Aen-bp-ambn IqSn-bm-tem-N\ \SØn-bn-cp-∂p. Cu KmV

kulrZ-Øn-s‚bpw kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw sXfn-hm-Wv,

Aenbpw a°fpw Dkvam≥ kz¥w ho´n¬ D]-tcm-[n-°-s∏´

kμ¿ -̀Øn¬˛ Cu D]-tcm-[-Øn-s\m-Sp-hn¬ At±lw h[n-°-

s∏-́ p˛ At±-lsØ {]Xn-tcm-[n-°m-\mbn cwK-Øn-d-ßn-b-Xv.

Hcp bp≤w Hgn-hm-°-em-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS e£yw.25

Cßs\ Hcp kw`hw ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v: Hcn-°¬

A∫mkn Jeo^ lmdq≥ dioZv \_n(-k)-bpsS J_v¿

kμ¿in-°m≥ h∂p. IqsS aqk _v\p PAv^dpw D≠v.

Ct±lw Aen(-d) IpSpw -_-Ønse A©mw Xe-ap -d -

bn¬s∏Sp∂ Bfm-Wv. lmdq≥ dioZv J_vdn-∂-Sp-sØØn

hfsc A`n-am-\-]q¿hw P\-ßƒ tIƒs° Cßs\ kemw

]-d™p: ""]nXr-k-tlm-Zc ]p{Xm, Xm¶ƒ°v kemw''

(A_vZp¬ apØz-en-_ns‚ aI\pw \_n-bpsS ]nXr-hy-\p-

amb A∫m-kns‚ k¥m-\-]-c-º-c-bn¬ s]Sp∂ BfmWv

lmdq≥ dio-Zv). DS≥ aqk_v\p PAv̂ ¿ {]Xn-I-cn®p: ""Fs‚

hμy ]nXm-th, Atß°v kemw'' (\-_n-]p{Xn ^mXzn-a(-d)-

bpsS ]p{X ]c-º-c-bnse IÆn F∂ \ne-°mWv aqk, {]hm-

N-Is\ "]nXmhv' F∂v A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvX-Xv).

At∏mƒ lmdq≥ dioZv: ""A√m-lp-hm-W, CXmWv bYm¿Y

A`n-am\ {]I-S-\w.''

lmdq≥ C{X IqSn ]d™p: ""F\n°v Aen(d)tbmSv

hntZz-j-ap-s≠∂v P\w Icp-Xp-∂-Xmbn F\n°v hnhcw e`n-

®n-́ p-≠v. A√m-lp-hm-W, Ft∂mfw At±-lsØ kvt\ln-

°p∂ a‰m-cp-an-√.''26

52

\oXn-am-\mb `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-sb∂v t]sc-SpØ Dadp_v\p

A_vZn¬ Akokv, Aen(d)bpsS ]p{Xn ^mXzn-a-tbmSv

]d™p: ""Aen-bpsS aI-tf, `qap-JØv \_n-Ip-Spw-_-tØmfw

F\n°v {]nb-s∏-́ -h-cmbn Bcp-an√; Fs‚ IpSpw_w hsc.''27

Cl-temI hnc-‡n-sb-°p-dn®pw hnc-‡-sc-°p-dn®pw P\-

ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ kwkm-c-ap-≠m-bn. Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw C∂-bm-fm-

Wv, C∂-bm-fmWv G‰hpw hnc-‡≥ F∂n-ßs\ ]d-bm≥

XpS-ßn. At∏mƒ Dadp_v\p A_vZn¬ Akokv ]d™p:

""G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Cl-temI hnc-‡n-bp≈bmƒ Aen-

øp_v\p A_o-Xzm-en-_m-Wv.'' 28

2. kZvhr-Ø-cmb Bfp-I-sf, {]tXy-In®v Ah¿ kaq-l-

Ønse ]fin-X-∑mcpw t\Xm-°-fp-ams-¶n¬, A√mlp

hnhn[ ]co-£-W-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-cm-°pw. AX-h-cpsS

ÿm\hpw al-Øzhpw Db¿Øp-I-bmWv sNøp-I. \_n-Ip-

Spw-_-Ønse Bsc-¶nepw iloZv Camw lpssk-s\-t∏mse

CØcw sImSnb a¿Z-\-ßƒ°pw ]oU-\-ßƒ°pw Cc-bm-bn-

´p-s≠-¶n¬, AXpw "A√mlp Xs‚ Hcp Zmks\ CjvS-s∏-

´m¬ Ahs\ ]co-£n°pw' F∂ XØz-a-\p-k-cn-®mWv

ImtW-≠-Xv. ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-SpI F∂Xv \_n-Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬

]cn-an-X-a-s√-∂¿Yw. Alvep- p-∂-bn¬ s]Sp∂ \nc-h[n

kZvhr-Ø-cmb alm ]fin-X-∑m¿ CXp-t]mse ]oUn-∏n-°-

s∏-́ n-́ p-≠v. kCuZp_v\p Ppss_¿, Camw A_q-l-\o-̂ ,

Camw amen-Iv, Camw AlvaZp_v\p lº¬ F∂n-h¿ DZm-l-c-

Ww.

]oU-\hpw ]co-£W L -́ßfpw {]hm-N-I-∑m¿°v A`n-

ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠n-h-∂n-́ p≠v; Ah¿°v tijw kZvhr-Ø-cmb

Ah-cpsS ]n≥Km-an-Iƒ°pw. Zm\n-tb¬ {]hm-N-I≥ tkzOm-

[n-]-Xn-bmb _pJvXp-\kzvdns‚ ISpØ ]oU-\-ßƒ°nc-bm-

hp-I-bp-≠m-bn. B {]hm-N-I\v t\sc c≠v knwl-ßsf

_pJvXp-\kzv¿ IqSv Xpd∂p hn´p. ]t£, A√mlp B

lnw{k P¥p-°-fn¬\n∂v {]hm-N-Is\ c£n-®p.

53

A{]-Imcw bAvJq_v \_n(-A)°v Xs‚ ]p{Xs\

\jvS-s∏-Sp-∂p. kI-cnøm {]hm-N-I\pw ISpØ ]oU-\-

ßƒ°n-c-bm-bn. ISpØ [n°m-cn-bmb ^tdmh aqk(-A)-

tbmSv ImWn® AXn-{I-a-ßƒ \ap-°-dn-bmw. PqX-∑m¿

Cuk(-A)-sbbpw, a°-bnse \ntj-[n-Iƒ apl-ΩZv \_n

(k)-sbbpw t\cn-́ Xv ISpØ i{Xp-X-tbm-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂-t√m.29

apl-ΩZv \_n(-k)-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw ISpØ ]oU-

\-ßƒ°n-c-bm-hp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Ah¿ P∑-\m-́ n¬\n∂v B´n-

tbm-Sn -°-s∏-´p. Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fn¬\n∂pw

kzØvvhI-I-fn¬\n∂pw Ah¿ ]dn®v am‰-s∏-́ p. Fs¥√mw

Xcw a¿Z-\-ap-d-I-fmWv Ah¿ G‰p-hm-tß-≠n-h-∂Xv? {]hm-N-

Is‚ ac-W-ti-jhpw CØcw ]co-£-W-ßƒ XpS¿∂p.

\akvIcn-®p-sIm-≠n-cns° Da-dp¬ ^mdqJv(d) ]IaqØ Hcm-

fpsS ITm-c-bm¬ NXn-bn¬ h[n-°-s∏-́ p. Dkvam≥(d) h[n-°-

s∏´Xv kz¥w ho´n¬ Jp¿B≥ ]mcm-bWw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-

cn-s°-bm-Wv. Aen(d) Bfp-Isf \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v £Wn-®p-

sIm-≠n-cn-s°-bm-Wt√m sIme-°-Øn°v Cc-bm-b-Xv.

{]hmNI-in-jy-∑m-sc√mw Cßs\ ]co-£-W-ßƒ t\cn-́ -

h¿.

tijw h∂ ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS A\p-̀ -hhpw as‰m-∂-√.

Camw Hukm-Csb Hcp tkzOm-[n-]Xn a¿Zn®v Poh-O-h-am-

°n. Camw AlvaZp_v\p lº-en-t\mSv A∫mkn Jeo^

apAvXkznw kzoI-cn® \ne-]mSv F√m-h¿°p-a-dn-bmw. Camw

Alva-Zns‚ apXpIv s]mfn-bp-∂Xp hsc a¿Zn®v Pbn-e-d-°p-

≈n-em°n apAvXkznw.30 ]fin-X-cm-Pmhv F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂

C p_v\p A_vZn- -em-ans\ Ckvam-Cu¬ F∂ `c-Wm-[n-

Imcn a¿Zn-®-h-i-\m-°p-Ibpw XS-hn-en-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

^mXzn-an-Iƒ CuPn]vXv `cn-°p-tºmƒ ]fin-X-∑msc ]oUn-

∏n-®n-cp-∂p. Camw A_q-_-°¿ \m_n-en-knsb ]nSn-IqSn

Ah¿ H∂mw Znhkw a¿Zn-®-h-i-\m-°n. c≠mw Znhkw At±-

lsØ P\w Im¨sI Xq°n-bn-Sm≥ DØ-c-hn-́ p. aq∂mw

54

Znhkw IØn-sIm≠v At±-l-Øns‚ sXmen s]mfn-s®-Sp-

°m≥ XpS-ßn.31

Camw \Cu-ap_v\p lΩmZv XS-hn¬ Ccpºv Nß-e-I-

fn¬ _‘n-X-\m-bn-cn-s°-bmWv acn-®-Xv. aønØv hen-®n-g-®p -

sIm≠pt]mbn Ah¿ Hcp Ipgn-bn-en-́ p. aønØv Ipfn-∏n-°pI

t]mepw sNbvXn-√.32

Camw l¿hn A≥kzmcn ]d™p: "" A©p XhW

Rm≥ hm-fn\v apJm-apJw \n∂p. \ns‚ aZvl_v Hgn-hm°v

F∂√ Ah¿ Ft∂mSv ]d-™-Xv. \n\°v FXn-cmbn

\n¬°p∂hcpsS Imcy-Øn¬ \o an≠m-Xn-cn°v F∂mWv

Ft∂mSv ]d-™-Xv. Rm≥ ]d™p: ""F\n°v an≠m-Xn-cn-

°m≥ Ign-bn-√.''33

Cßs\ F{X thW-sa-¶nepw DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ \nc-

Ømw. ]d™p hcp-∂Xv CXmWv: Alvep- p-∂-bpsS ]fin-

X-∑mcpw ISpØ ]oU-\-ßƒ°v Cc-bm-bn-́ p≠v; a‰p-≈-h¿

Cc-I-fm-b-Xp-t]m-se-Ø-s∂. alm-∑m-scms° ]co-£n-°-s∏-

Sp-∂p. C∂p-aXv XpS-cp-∂Xv \mw ImWp-∂p.

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ

1. aPven-kn-bpsS _nlm-dp¬ A≥hm¿ 2/246

2. apl-ΩZv A¬ A¿Z-_o-en-bpsS Pman-D¿dp-hmXv 2/221, PAv̂ ¿

knPm-\n-bpsS Ip√n-ømØv ̂ o C¬an cnPm¬, t]Pv 26

3. cnPm-ep¬ Iin 208,209, _nlm-dp¬ A≥hm¿ 25/302

4. lmin-ap¬ lmin-an-bpsS lphm-dp≥ aA ̂ Zven-√, t]Pv 116, apl-

ΩZv Imfnw Jkvho-\n-bpsS Camw alvZn, t]Pv 527

5. _pJm-cnbpw apkvenapw D≤-cn® lZokv (ap-Ø-̂ -Jp≥ Asse-

ln) BWn-Xv. _pJmcn Xs‚ kzlo-lnepw (\-º¿ 2942), apkvenw Xs‚

kzlo-lnepw (\-º¿ 4/1872) D≤-cn-®-Xv. _pJm-cnbpw apkvenapw am{X-a√

Alvep- p-∂-bn¬ s]Sp-∂- ap-gp-h≥ ]fin-X-∑mcpw \_n-Ip-Spw-_-

Øns‚ t{ijvT-X-Iƒ AwKo-I-cn-®n-cp∂p F∂v C-Xn¬\n∂v \ap°v a\-

n-em-°mw. kzlm-_n-Ifpw _pJm-cn, apkvenw t]mep≈ lZokv

dnt∏m¿´¿amcpw \_n-Ip-Spw-_-Øns‚ t{ijvT-X-Iƒ a\x-]q¿hw ]cm-

55

a¿in-°m-Xn-cn-°p∂p F∂ hmZ-Øn\v (ap-dm-P-BØv F∂ IrXn-bpsS

I¿Ømhv Aßs\ ]d-™n-´p-≠v) adp-]-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv. \_n-Ip-Spw-_-

Øns‚ amlm-flysØ°pdn®v kzlm-_n-Ifpw Alvep- p∂ Bi-b-

°mcpw ]d™ hmIy-ßƒ kam-l-cn-®m¬ Cu ]pkvX-I-a-√, CXp-t]m-

ep≈ ]Øv ]pkvX-I-ßƒ aXn-bm-hp-I-bn√ Ah ]I¿Øm≥. \_n-Ip-

Spw-_hpw {]hm-NI injycpw ]c-kv]cw {]iw-kn®v ]d™ Imcy-ßƒ

A¬ a_¿d {]km-[-\m-ebw Xs∂ kam-l-cn®v {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-́ p-≠v.

6. A_vZp¬ lmZn lpssk-\n-bpsS BbXp XXzvlo¿ (t]Pv 20)

t\m°p-I.

7. apkvenw D≤-cn® Hcp lZo-kns‚ `mKw. Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-b-W-

Øn\v Hcp-an®pIqSp-∂-Xns‚ t{ijvTX hnh-cn-°p∂ lZo-kn-em-WnXp-

≈Xv (\-º¿ 2699).

8. apkvX-ZvdIn¬ lmInw D≤cn-®Xv (2/120). \nth-ZI ]c-ºc {]_-

e-am-sW∂v At±lw ]d-™n-́ p-≠v. X¬Jokn¬ Zl_n CXv X≈n-bn-́ p-

≠v. F∂m¬ \mkzn-dp-±o≥ A¬_m\n Xs‚ A n¬kneØp

zlolbn¬ CXv {]_ew Xs∂ F∂v km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p (1/716,

\º¿ 374).

9. Xn¿anZn D≤-dn® lZokv (3759). \nth-ZI ]c-º-c°v Ipg-∏-an-

s√∂v At±lw ]d-™n-´p-s≠-¶n-epw, Zl_n Xs‚ knb-dp¬

AAvemanepw (2/99) A¬_m\n Xs‚ A n¬kn-eXp±Cu^bnepw

(5/340, \º¿ 2315) CXv Zp¿_-e-am-sW∂v ]d-™n-́ p-≠v. \nth-ZI ]c-º-

c°v Zu¿_-ey-ap≠v F∂-Xp-sIm≠v AXnse Bibw sX‰m-sW∂v

hcp-∂n-√. am{X-a√, tijw hcp∂ lZo-kn¬ CtX Bibw Bh¿Øn-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

10. Xn¿anZn D≤-cn® lZokv (3758). {]_-e-am-sW∂v At±lw ]d-

bp-∂p. AlvaZpw CXv D≤-cn-®n-́ p≠v (4/165). A¬_m\n A n¬kn-

eØp zlolbn¬ CXv {]_-e-am-sW∂v km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-

∂p.

11. kzlo-lp¬ _pJmcn: 2699

12. ss_lJn A p-\-\p¬ Jp_vdmbn¬ (7/101) D≤-cn-®-Xv. k\Zv

"ap¿k¬' BsW∂v At±lw ]d-™n-́ p-≠v.

13. lmInw apkvX-Zv-d-In¬ D≤-cn-®Xv (3/196, 209). A¬_m-\nbpw

fnbmDw CXv {]_-e-am-sW∂v ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

14. lmInw apkvX-ZvdIn¬ D≤-cn-®-Xv 3/212. apkven-ans‚ D]m[n

{]Imcw CXv {]_-e-am-sW∂v At±lw ]d-bp-∂p. A¬_m\n

56

A n¬kn-e-Øp- z-lolbn¬ CXv tN¿Øn-́ p-≠v 3/228, \º¿ 1226.

15. JmZn kzmenlv Z¿th-ins‚ Bep¬ ss_Øv h lpJq-Jplpw

A»¿-Cø F∂ IrXn (t]Pv 9˛12) ImWp-I.

16. aPven-kn-bpsS _nlm-dp¬ A≥hm¿ 25/237

17. kzlolv apkvenw 2424

18. aPvaq-D¬ ̂ Xmhm 4/487

19. _pJm-cn, lk≥-̨ -lp-ssks‚ KpW-K-W-ßƒ hnh-cn-°p∂

A[ym-bw. \º¿ 3713

20. _pJmcn (3712) "{]hm-N-Is‚ ASp-∏-°m-cpsS KpW-hn-ti-j-

ßƒ' F∂ A[ym-bw. _nlm-dp¬ A≥hmdpw (43/301) ImWp-I.

21. ss_l-Jn-bpsS A p-\-\p¬ Ip_vdm 6/301, C_v\p Iko-

dns‚ A¬_n-Zmb h∂n-lmb 5/253. CXns‚ \nth-Z-\-Øn\v Ipg-∏-an-

s√∂v C_v\p Iko¿ ]d-™n-́ p-≠v.

22. C_v\p A_vZn¬ _¿dns‚ A¬ CkvXoB_v 4/278, kz√m-

_n-bpsS Akva¬ aXzm-en_v 160

23. apkz∂ v̂ C_v\p A_o ssi_ 14/567. \nth-ZI ]c-ºc Ipg-

∏-an-√m-Ø-Xv.

24. A¬_n-Zmb h∂n-lmb 5/220, Zl-_n-bpsS Xmco-Jp¬

Ckvemw 1/166

25. C_v\p Akm-In-dns‚ Xmco-Jp-Zn-anivJv 1/402, C_v\p

kAvZns‚ Xz_-JmØv 8/128

26. kbq-Xzn-bpsS Xmco-Jp¬ Jpe-̂ mAv, t]Pv 293.

27. C_v\p kAvZns‚ AØz-_-Jm-Øp¬ Ip_vdm, 5/388

28. ^Xvlp¬ _mcn 10/108, CXns‚ k\Zv ]c-ºc Alva-Zns‚

apkv\-Zn¬ D≠v.

29. A¬_n-Zmb h∂n-lmb 1/428 C_v\p Iko¿

30. C_v\p Pukn-bpsS kod-Øp¬ Camw AlvaZv, t]Pv 158.

31. lmin-bØp A¬_n-Zmb h∂n-lmb 11/284

32. Zl-_n-bpsS knbdp AAveman∂p_-emAv 10/610

33. Zl-_n-bpsS knbdp AAveman∂p_-emAv 18/509

57

Ah-ew-_n-°m-hp∂

Ncn{X IrXn-Iƒ

58

59

hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-amb Ncn{X hnh-c-W-ßƒ tXSp-∂-h¿°v,

]ucm-Wn-Ihpw B[p-\n-I-hp-amb Ncn{X IrXn-I-fn¬ Ah

Is≠Øm\m-hpw. kw -̀h-ßƒ dnt∏m¿ v́ sNbvX \nth-Z-I¿

hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-cmtWm At√ F∂v B IrXn-I-fn¬ hy‡-

am-°n-bn-cn-°pw. Hmtcm \nth-Z-\hpw icn-bmtWm At√ F∂v

hmb-\-°m-c≥ kzbw At\z-jn®v Is≠-tØ-≠-Xn√

F∂¿Yw. C\n \nth-ZI t{iWn-I-sf-°p-dn®v Imcy-amb ]cm-

a¿i-sam-∂p-an-s√-¶n¬ Ah-bpsS _em-_ew ]cn-tim-[n-°¬

hmb-\-°m-cs‚ _m[y-X-bm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøpw.

Ckvem-anI Ncn-{X]T\-Øn¬ Ah-ew-_n-°m-hp∂ Nne

IrXn-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv Chn-sS.

1. C_v\p kAvZns‚ (a-cWw ln. 230) AØz-_-Jm-Xp¬

Ip_vdm. Cu A[ym-b-Øn¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw ]cm-a¿in-t°≠

Hcp IrXn Xs∂-bm-Wn-Xv. ImcWw IrXn-bn¬ hnh-cn-°p∂

kw`-h-ßƒs°√mw k\-Zp-Iƒ/\nth-ZI ]c-º-c-Iƒ

tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp hmb-\-°m-c-\v, Ah≥ tbmKy-\m-sW-

¶n¬, Cu k\-Zp-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ aXn-bm-hpw. \_n-N-cn-

{X-̨ -Po-h-N-cn{X IrXn-I-fn¬ G‰hpw ]ga Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂

cN-\-I-fn-sem∂v F∂ {]tXy-I-Xbpw CXn-\p-≠v. hmJnZn1bp-

sSbpw AXp-t]m-ep≈ Zp¿_-e-cp-sSbpw \nth-Z-\-ßƒ

A[ymbw \mev

60

At±lw X≈n-°-f-bp-∂p. Adn-bm-ØXv Adn-hp≈htcmSv

tNmZn-°pI F∂ Jp¿-B-\nI XØz-amWv At±lw {KŸ-c-

N-\-bn¬ kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.2

2. Jeo-̂ -Øp_v\p Jøm-Øns‚ Ncn{Xw

CXv Xz_-Jm-Øn-t\-°mƒ sNdnb {KŸ-am-sW-¶n-epw,

hnh-c-W-ßƒ hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-am-Wv. kzlm-_n-I-fpsS Ime-

Øp-≠mb Ipg-∏-ßfpw a‰p-amWv CXn¬ Imcy-ambn {]Xn-]m-

Zn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

3. Xz_-cn-bpsS P\-\-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw cmPm-°-∑m-cp-sSbpw

Ncn{Xw

[mcmfw kw`-h-hn-h-c-W-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ IrXn-

bmWv. ]t£, sIm≈p-∂Xpw sIm≈m-Ø-Xp-sams° D≠m-

hp-sa∂v am{Xw. CXn\v Xz_-cnsb ]gn ]d-™n v́ Imcy-an-√.

X\n°v \nth-Z-\-ßƒ Fßs\ In´n F∂v At±lw kXy-k-

‘-ambn ]d-™n-´p-≠v. B \nth-Z-\-ß-fpsS tIm´-ßfpw

t]mcm-bva-Ifpw At±lw ]cn-tim-[n-®n-´n-s√∂v am{Xw.

C°mcyw t\ctØ Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ \mw ]cm-a¿in-®n-́ p-

≠v.3

4. C_v\p Iko-dns‚ A¬ _nZmb h∂n-lmb

X^vko-dp¬ Jp¿-B-\n¬ Icow F∂ {]ikvX

hymJym\ IrXn-bpsS I¿Ømhv IqSn-bmWv Camw C_v\p

Iko¿. ap≥Ime Ncn{X cN-\-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-Ifpw

\nth-Z-\-ßfpw Cu Ncn-{X-Ir-X-n-bn¬ [mcm-f-ap-s≠-¶nepw,

Ah-bpsS _em-_-e-ß-sf-°p-dn® C_v\p Iko-dns‚ A`n-

{]m-b-ßfpw H∏w tN¿Øn-´p-≠v. lZo-knepw lZokv

\nthZ\ imkv{XØnepw \√ hyp¬]Øn D≈-Xp-sIm≠v

Zp¿_-e-amb cnhm-b-Øp-I-sfbpw {]_-e-amb cnhm-b-Øp-I-

sfbpw thdn v́ ImWn-°m≥ At±-l-Øn\v Ign-bp-∂p. tUm.

A_vZp√ Xp¿°n-bpsS ta¬t\m-́ -Øn¬ Zmdp- lP¿ ]pd-Øn-

d-°n-b-XmWv A¬ _nZmb h∂n-lm-b-bpsS G‰hpw \√

FUn-j≥.

61

5. C_v\p Akm-In-dns‚ XmcnJp ZnanivJv (Z-a-kvIkv

Ncn-{Xw)

Znan-ivIn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ kzlm-_n-Iƒ Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈

alm-∑m-cp-sSbpw ]fin-X-∑m-cp-sSbpw {KŸ-Im-cs‚ Imew

hsc-bp≈ Ncn-{X-amWv CXn¬ hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Hmtcm kw -̀h-

Øn-s‚bpw IrXy-amb \nth-Z\w tN¿Øn-́ p≠v F∂-XmWv

CXns‚ {]tXy-I-X.

6. iwkp-±o≥ Zl-_n-bpsS Xmco-Jp¬ Ckvemw

(Ckvemw Ncn-{Xw)

hfsc {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp IrXn-bm-Wn-Xv. Ckvem-

anI Ncn-{X-Ønse {][m\ kw -̀h-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw ]q¿W

Nn{Xw CXn¬\n∂v In´pw. CXn¬ D≤-cn-®n-́ p≈ kw -̀h-ß-

sfbpw \nth-Z-\-ß-sfbpw Camw Zl_n \ncq-]Ww sNøp-

∂p≠v F∂-XmWv CXns‚ {]tXy-I-X. lZokv \nth-Z\

imkv{X-Ønepw \nth-Z-I-cpsS _em-_ew ]cn-tim-[n-°p∂

hn⁄m-\-im-J-bnepw Zl_n A{K-K-Wy-\mWv F∂Xv IrXn-

bpsS hnizm-kyX h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂p. tUm. _»m¿ AΔmZv

aAvdq^v kwtim-[\ \n¿h-ln-®-XmWv Cu IrXn-bpsS

G‰hpw anI® FUn-j≥.

7. Zl-_n-bpsS Xs∂ knbdp AAvem-an-∂-p_-emAv (a-

lm-c-Y-∑m-cpsS Ncn-{Xw)

kzlm-_n-Iƒ apX¬ {KŸ-I¿Øm-hns‚ ac-W-Øn\v

sXm´p-apºv hsc-bp≈ Ckvem-anI Ncn-{X-Ønse alm-∑m-cp-

sSbpw ]fin-X-∑m-cp-sSbpw Poh-N-cn{X Ipdn-∏p-I-fm-Wn-Xn¬.

\_n-N-cn-Xhpw \mev Jeo-^-am-cpsS Ncn-Xhpw {]tXyI

{]m[m-\y-tØmsS CXn¬ hnh-cn-®n-´p-≠v. G‰hpw anI®

FUn-j≥ apA- kXp cnkme {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv.

8. C_v\p i_x-bpsS Xmco-Jp¬ aZo\ (a-Zo-\-bpsS Ncn-

{Xw)

hfsc {][m-\-s∏´Xpw {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-hp-amb IrXn.

62

CXnse an° kw`-h-hn-h-c-W-ßƒ°p-sam∏w Ah-bpsS

\nth-ZI t{iWn IqSn Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ {KŸ-I¿Ømhv {i≤n-

®n-cn-°p-∂p. Dkvam(d)s‚ ImesØ Ipg-∏-ßƒ, At±-l-

Øns‚ c‡-km-£nXzw XpSßn H´p-h-fsc {][m\ kw -̀h-

ßƒ CXn¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Nne t]mcm-bva-Ifpw

IrXn-°p-≠v. Nne `mK-ß-fpsS ssIsb-gpØv {]Xn-Iƒ

Is≠-Øm-\m-ImsX t]mbXv AXn-sem-∂m-Wv. C°m-c-W-

Øm-emWv A_q-_-°-dn(-d)s‚ `c-W-Imew CXn¬ C√msX

t]mb-Xv.4

9. C_v\p J¬Zqs‚ Ncn{Xw

10. C_v\p¬ Pukn-bpsS A¬ap≥Xfnw ̂ nØm-coJv

11. A_q-_-°¿ C_v\p¬ Ad-_n-bpsS A¬ Ahmkznw

an\¬ Jhmkznw

Cu IrXn°v kwtim-[-\bpw Sn∏-Wnbpw \n¿h-ln-®Xv

ssiJv apln-∫p-±o≥ JØzo_v BWv. CXn\v ]Øn-tesd

]Xn-∏p-Iƒ Cd-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]finX-∑m¿°nS-bn¬ am{X-a-

√, km[m-c-W-°m¿°n-S-bnepw hfsc {]Nmcw t\Snb IrXn-

bmWn-Xv. {KŸ-I¿Øm-hmb A_q-_-°¿ C_v\p¬ Ad-

_n°v ]fin-X-s\∂ \ne-bnepw Cam-sa∂ \ne-bnepw kaq-

l-Øn-ep≈ ÿm\-amWv AXn\v Hcp Imc-Ww. Ckvem-anI

Ncn-{X-Ønse {][m\ kw -̀h-hn-Im-k-ß-sf-°p-dn®v \ap-°p-

≠m-Im-hp∂ kwi-b-ßƒ BZyw D∂-bn® tijw AXn\v

hy‡-amb sXfn-hp-Iƒ klnXw adp-]Sn \¬Ip∂ coXn-bn-

emWv {KŸ-c-N-\. cN\m]c-amb {]tXy-IXsIm≠v Cu

IrXn thdn-́ p-\n¬°p-∂p. {KŸ-Øns‚ t]cp-Xs∂ AXn-

te°v kqN\ \¬Ip∂p-≠v. BZyw "kwibw' (Jm-kznw˛

CXns‚ _lp-h-N-\-amWv Jhm-kznw) D∂-bn-°p-∂p. ]ns∂

"kwib Zqco-I-cWw' (B-kznw˛ CXns‚ _lp-h-N-\-amWv

Ahm-kznw) \S-°p-∂p. AXm-bXv sXfn-hp-Iƒ \nc-Øn-sh-

®p≈ adp-]-Sn.

hfsc {][m-\-s∏´ Nne IrXn-Iƒ ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-®p-

63

sh-t∂-bp≈q. ]ucm-Wn-Ihpw B[p-\n-I-hp-amb thsdbpw

At\Iw IrXn-I-fp≠v Cu taJ-e-bn¬.

* * * * *

a‰p ]eXpw ]d-bp∂ Iq -́Øn¬ Ckvem-anI Ncn-{X-

Ønse {][m\ kw -̀h-ß-sf, {]tXy-In®v BZy L -́Øn-ep-

≈-hsb ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ Nne kp{]-[m\ IrXn-Ifpw \ΩpsS

{i≤-bn-ep-≠m-h-Ww. lZo-kv-̨ -k-\Zv kw_-‘-amb IrXn-Iƒ,

\nL-≠p-°ƒ t]mep-≈h DZm-l-c-Ww. AØcw IrXn-I-fn¬

NneXv:

1. Camw _pJm-cn-bpsS kzlolv

2. Camw apkven-ans‚ kzlolv

3. A_q-Zm-hq-Zv, \km-C, Xn¿an-Zn, C_v\p-am-P F∂n-h-

cpsS \mev kp\-\p-Iƒ

4. Camw AlvaZp_v\p lº-ens‚ apkv\Zv

5. C_v\p A_o ssi_-bpsS A¬ap-kz-∂ v̂

6. lmInw ss\km-_q-cn-bpsS A¬ apkvX-ZvdIv. CXn¬

Zp¿_-e-amb lZo-kp-Ifpw Ds≠∂v Hm¿°-Ww.

* kzlm-_n-I-fp-sS˛ Ch-cn¬ \_n IpSpw_hpw s]Spw˛

Poh-N-cn{X IrXn-I-fmWv as‰m-∂v. {][m-\-s∏´ NneXv:

1. C_v\p A_vZn¬ _¿dns‚ A¬ CkvXo-B_v ^o

aAvcn -̂Xn¬ Akzvlm_v

2. C_v\p¬ Ako-dns‚ DkvZp¬ Km_x

3. C_v\p lP-dn¬ AkvJ-em-\n-bpsS A¬ Ckzm-_Xp

^o Xwbokn zlm_

Cu IrXn-I-fpsS Xmfp-I-fn¬ H´p-h-fsc kw -̀h-ßƒ

hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ChnsS Hcp Imcyw {i≤n-°-Ww. Ncn{X

IrXn-bm-sW-¶n-epw, lZokv IrXn-bm-sW-¶nepw Ah-bnse

kw -̀h-ß-sf-√mw˛ _pJm-cn-bpsSbpw apkven-an-s‚bpw "kzlo-

lp-Iƒ' Hgn-®v̨ sXfn-hp-Ifpw \nth-Z-I-cpsS _em-_-ehpw

t]mcm-bva-Ifpw Hs° t\m°nb tijta kzoI-cn-°m-hq.

64

Zp¿_e cnhm-b-Øp-Isf am‰n-\n¿ØpI Xs∂ thWw.

ka-Im-enI IrXn-Iƒ

\ΩpsS ImesØ Ncn{X Kth-j-Icpw e`y-amb hnh-c-

ß-sfbpw hnh-c-W-ß-sfbpw hni-Z-ambn ]Tn® tijw hnizm-

k-tbm-Ky-am-b-Xn-s\bpw A√m-Ø-Xn-s\bpw th¿Xn-cn-®n-́ p-≠v.

AØcw IrXn-I-fn¬ {][m-\-s∏-́ h:

tUm. Aen_v\p apl-ΩZv kz√m_n cNn® Xmsg ]d-

bp∂ IrXn-Iƒ:

1. A_q-_-°¿ Ncn-X-Ønse Zp¿L-S-ßƒ Hgn-hm-°¬

2. Dadp_v\p¬ JØzm -_v˛ Pohn -X -Im -ehpw

hy‡nXzhpw

3. Dkvam-\p_v\p A v̂̂ ms‚ Ncn{Xw

4. Aen-øp_v\p A_o-Xzm-en-_ns‚ Ncn{Xw

5. lk\p_v\p Aen-̨ -Po-hn-X-Im-ehpw hy‡n-Xzhpw

6. apB-hn-b-Xp_v\p A_o-kp-̂ vbm≥

7. Dadp_v\p A_vZn¬ Akokv

8. Aahn `c-Ww˛ Db¿®bpsSbpw XI¿®-bp-sSbpw

\nZm-\-ßƒ

* * * * *

thsd Nne {][m\ ka-Im-enI IrXn-Iƒ

1. alvaqZv apl-ΩZv imIn-dns‚ Ckvem-anI Ncn{X

hn⁄m-\-tImiw

2. Ckvem-anI hy‡n-Xz-ß-sf-°p-dn®v alvaqZv apl-ΩZv

imIn¿ Xbm-dm-°nb ]pkvXI ]c-ºc

3. \Zvhn-bpsS l{kØv BCi

4. tUm. A_vZp¬ Akokv ZpJms‚ ^nXv\ImesØ

kw -̀h-ßƒ (A-lvZmkv h Alm-Zokv ^nXv\-Xn¬ ld-Pv).

Jpe-^m-D¿dm-in-Zp-I-fpsS `c-W-Im-e-Øp-≠mb BZysØ

Ipg-∏-ß-fn¬ kzlm-_n-Iƒ kzoI-cn® \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ hni-Zo-

65

I-cn-°p∂ Hcp kp{]-[m\ IrXn-bm-Wn-Xv. CXp-ambn

_‘s∏ v́ h∂ an° cnhm-b-Øp-I-sfbpw CXn¬ \nin-X-

ambn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂p-≠v. \mw kzoI-cn-t°≠ \ne-]mSpw

hy‡-am-°p-∂p. Hcp tUmIvS-td‰v {]_-‘-am-Wn-Xv.

5. Ncn-{X-Ønse Hcp L´w (ln-Jv_-Xp≥ an\-Øm-co-Jv).

CsX-gp-Xn-bXv Dkvam-\p¬ Jao-kv. {]hm-N-Is‚ acWw

apX¬ lpssk-s‚(-d) c‡-km-£nXzw hsc \ofp∂ kp{]-

[m\ Ncn-{X-L-́ -Øn-ep-≠mb kw -̀h-ß-fpsS hnh-c-W-am-Wn-

Xv. hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-amb dnt∏m¿´p-Itf At±lw kzoI-cn-°p-

∂p-≈q. ap≥K-W\ sImSp-t°≠ dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ GsX∂pw

hy‡-am-°p-∂p. CuPn-]vXnse Ckvam-Cu-en-ø-bn-ep≈ Camw

_pJmcn {]km-[-\m-e-b-amWv CXns‚ G‰hpw \√ ]Xn-∏n-d-

°n-bn-́ p-≈-Xv.

6. apl-ΩZv Awl-kq-\ns‚ Ip-g-∏-ß-tfm-Sp≈ kzlm-_n-

I-fpsS \ne-]mSv. Hcp tUmIvS-td‰v {]_-‘w. \mev Jeo-̂ -am-

cpsS Ime-Øp-≠mb kw`-h-hn-h-c-W-ß-fmWv D≈-S-°w.

{]km-[\w cnbm-Znse a‡-_Xp¬ Iuk¿.

7. AIvdw ZnbmAv Da-cn-bpsS Jnem-̂ -Øp¿dm-in-Z-bpsS

Imew.

8. Pam¬ A_vZp¬ lmZn, tUm. h^m PpapA F∂n-h¿

tN¿s∂-gp-Xnb Ncn-{X-Ønse Xncp-Ø-s∏-tS≠ sX‰p-Iƒ.

Hcp {KŸ ]c-º-c-bm-Wn-Xv. Nne Fgp-Øp-Imcpw hmb-\-

°mcpw {]Np-c-{]-Nmcw \¬In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb

Ahm-kvX-h-ßƒ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-I-bmWv CXn¬.

9. tUm. A_vZp¬ Akokv lao-Zn-bpsS Ckvem-anI

Ncn-{Xw˛ \ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw KpW-]m-T-ß-fpw

10. kpsse-am≥ HuZ-bpsS A_vZp-√m-ln_v\p \_Dw

BZy-Ime ̂ nXv\-I-fn¬ Abmƒ°p≈ ]¶pw.

11. Ckvam-Cu¬ Ioem-\n-bpsS F¥p-sIm-≠-h¿ Ncn-{X-

Ønepw hkvXp-X-I-fnepw ambw tN¿°p∂p?

66

12. _»m¿ AΔmZv aAvdq^ns‚ apkvenw Ncn{X cN-\°v

XpS°w Ipdn-°p-∂-Xn¬ lZo-kns‚ ]¶v.

13. apl-ΩZv kzman¬ ke-an-bpsS Ckvem-anI Ncn{XcN-

\-bpsS coXn-im-kv{Xw.

14. Aen Iman¬ J¿-Bs‚ Ncn{XcN-\-bn¬ A_q-an-

Jv\-̂ ns‚ ]¶v

15. tUm. AZv\m≥ ap¬ln-ans‚ Ad_n Ncn-{X-Im-c-

∑mcpw alm ̂ nXv\-bpw.

16. tUm. blvb C_vdm-lo-ans‚ Xz_cn Ncn-{X-Øn¬

A_q-an-Jv\-̂ ns‚ \nth-Z-\-ßƒ.

17. apl-ΩZv A_vZp¬ laoZv lkq-\-bpsS CAvemap¬

A\mw _nam bPn_p \lvh¬ AAvemw.

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ

1. apgp-h≥ t]cv apl-ΩZp_v\p Da¿ A¬ hmJn-Zn. Ct±-l-Øns‚

hnh-c-W-ßƒ X≈-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-sW∂ Imcy-Øn¬ Ncn{X ]fin-X-

∑m¿°n-S-bn¬ A`n-{]m-ssb-Iy-ap-≠v. C°mcyw apKv\nbn¬ Zl_n

hy‡-am-°n-bn-́ p≠v (2/619). C_v\p lP¿ Xs‚ XJvco-_n¬ ]d-™-Xv,

hmJnZn ]c∂ Adn-hp-≈-h-\m-sW-¶nepw X≈-s∏-tS-≠-h-\mWv F∂m-

Wv. hmJn-Zn-bpsS acWw ln. 207˛¬.

2. tUm. Pam-ep_v\p ^¿lm≥ kzmh-en-bpsS tUmIvS-td‰v {]_-

‘-amb A¬ Alm-Zokv h¬ Bkm¿ A¬ hmcnZ ^o InXm_n Xz_-

Jm-Øn¬ Ip_vdm en C_v\n kAvZv F∂ IrXn ImWp-I.

3. Xz_-cn-bpsS Ncn{XsØ°p-dn®v cNn-°-s∏´ GXm\pw \ncq-]W

IrXn-Iƒ ChnsS ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

F) Xz_cn Ncn-{X-Ønse A_q-an-Jv\ v̂ F∂-bm-fpsS \nth-Z-\-

ßƒ. Cu ]T\w Xbm-dm-°n-bn-cn -°p-∂Xv tUm. blvb_v\p

C_vdmlow A¬ blvb (Zm-dp¬ Bkzn-a, cnbm-Zv).

_n) Ipg-∏-ß-fn¬ kzlm-_n-I-fpsS \ne-]m-Sv-˛-Camw Xz_-cn-

bpsSbpw lZokv \nth-Z-I-cp-sSbpw \nth-Z-\-ß-fn¬. tUm. apl-ΩZv

Awl-kq≥ (a-IvX-_Xp Iuk¿/ cnbm-Zv).

67

kn) Dkvams‚ c‡-km-£n-Xzw, Pa¬ bp≤w F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v

Xz_cn Ncn-{X-Øn¬ ssk^p_v\p Da¿ F∂-bm-fpsS hnh-c-Ww.

cN\: tUm. JmenZp_v\p apl-ΩZv A¬ssK-kv. {]km-[\w:

Zmdp¬ A≥Zp-epkv, A¬ Jfv-dmAv, Pn±

Un) Xz_cn Ncn-{X-Ønse apB-hnb Ime-L-́ -Øns‚ hnh-c-Ww˛

Hcp \ncq-]W ]T-\w.

CXpw cNn-®Xv tUm. JmenZp_v\p apl-ΩZv A¬ ssKkv. {]km-

[m\w: Zmdp¬ A≥Zp-eqkv, A¬ JfvdmAv, Pn±

4. apl-ΩZv kzman¬ ke-an-bpsS a≥lPp InXm-_-Xn-Øm-coJv

F∂ IrXn ImWp-I.

68

Ncn-{XsØ

hnI-e-am-°nb

IrXn-Iƒ

69

Nne Ncn-{X-Ir-Xn-I-fp-≠v. Ah hmbn-°p-tºmgpw Ah-

bn¬\n∂v D≤-cn-°p-tºmgpw \mw hf-sc-tbsd kq£vaX

]pe¿tØ≠Xp-≠v. t\csØ ]d™ XØz-ßfpw am\-Z-

fi-ßfpw ]men-°m-sX, Ncn-{X-Im-cs‚ cN\m ssien-sb-°p-

dn®v t_m[an-√msX AØcw IrXn-Iƒ ASn-ÿm-\-ambn

kzoI-cn-®-Xp-sIm≠mWv H´p-h-fsc Kth-j-I¿ A]-I-S-I-c-

amb `oam-_-≤-ß-fn¬ hoWp-t]m-b-Xv. Aß-s\-b-h¿ Hcp- ]-

£w- tN-cp-Ibpw B ]£sØ \ymbo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw adp-]-

£sØ X≈p-Ibpw sNøpw. As√-¶n¬ Ckvem-anI kaq-l-

Ønse Nne alZv hy‡n-Isf Xmd-Sn®v ImWn-°pw.

bYm¿Y-Øn¬ CØcw IrXn-Iƒ hkvXp-X-Iƒ°v \nc-

°m-ØXpw, tXt\m-sSm∏w hnjw tN¿Ø tIhe kmlnXy

`mh-\-I-fp-am-Wv. cm°-Y-I-fnepw a‰pw A`n-c-an-°p-∂-h-cpsS

Ae-k -c-N-\-I-fm-W-h. Ah¿s°s¥-¶n-ep-sam∂v In´n-bm¬

aXn, AX-h¿ s]men-∏ns®-gp-Xp-I-bm-bn. kwKXn kXytam

Ak-Xytam F∂ t\m -́an-√.

CØcw dnt∏m¿´p-Ifpw \nth-Z-\-ßfpw kq£va-X-

tbmsS ssIImcyw sNø-W-sa∂v \mw t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®p.

CØcw dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ {]hm-NI injy-∑m-cpsSbpw Ahn-

SpsØ IpSpw-_mw-K-ßfp-sSbpw t{ijvT-Xtbm ss[cytam

A[ymbw A©v

70

PohnX hnc-‡ntbm HuZm-cytam A¿]W a\x-ÿn-Xntbm

kz`mh sshin-jvSytam AXp-t]m-ep≈ a‰p t{ijvT KpW-

ßtfm BsW-¶n¬, Ah kmam\y bp‡n°v \nc-°p-∂Xpw

hy‡nsb Aam-\p-j-h-XvI-cn-°m-ØXpw BsW-¶n¬ Ah

]d-bp-∂-Xnt\m Fgp-Xp-∂nt\m Ipg-∏-an-√. Imc-W-aXv ico-A-

Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-ßsf t]md-te¬∏n-°p-∂n-√-t√m. {]hm-

NI injy-∑m-cp-sSbpw \_n-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-s‚bpw al-Xz-

tØmSv AØcw ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ tbmPn-®p-h-cp-∂p-ap-≠-t√m.

C\n AØcw dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ ^nXv\-I-sf-°p-dn-®m-sW-

¶n¬, AØcw \n¿Wm-bI L -́ß-fn¬ Ah¿ kzoI-cn®

\ne-]m-Sp-I-sf-°p-dn-®m-sW-¶n¬, kzlm-_n-Iƒ°pw \_n-Ip-

Sw-_-Øn\pw A]-Io-¿Øn-I-c-am-sW-¶n¬, AXp-a-s√-¶n¬

kmam\y bp‡n°v H´pw \nc-°mØ Imcy-am-sW-¶n¬ B

dnt∏m¿´p-I-fpsS \nth-ZI ]cºc \mw IWn-i-ambn ]cn-tim-

[n-°Ww. F∂n´v hfsc \oXn-]q¿h-I-amb Hcp hn[n

{]kvXm-h-Øn¬ FØ-Ww. Imc-Ww, \_n-Ip-Spw-_-sØbpw

kzlm-_-Øn-s\bpw ]gn-°pI F∂Xv ico-A-Øns\ ]gn-

°p-∂Xv t]mse IW-°m-°-s∏-Spw. ]ns∂ CØcw IrXn-

Iƒ Ah-cpsS Ncn-{X-a-dn-bm-\p≈ B[n-Im-cnI tcJ-Itf

A√. B[n-Im-cnI tcJ-I-fn¬ hfsc {]Im-i-am-\-amb \ne-

bn¬ Ah-cpsS Ncn{Xw ]Xn™v InS-°p-∂p-≠-t√m.

CØcw Ah-ew-_-\o-b-a-√m-Ø, \mw IcpXn hmbn-

t°≠ Nne IrXn-I-sf-°p-dn®v:

1. A_n¬ ̂ dPv Akzv̂ lm-\n-bpsS A¬ AKm\n

CXv ]m´pw IqØpw Ihn-Xbpw cm°-Y-bp-sams°

\nd™ Hcp IrXn-bm-Wv. CXn\v Ncn-{X-hp-ambn bmsXmcp

_‘-hp-an-√. ]e-Xcw I≈-h¿Øam-\-ßfpw {`m¥≥ P¬]-

\-ßfpw CXn¬ ImWmw. Ckvem-anI kaq-l-Ønse alm-c-Y-

∑m¿°pw lpssk-s‚(-d) ]p{Xn kpssI\ t]mep≈ \_n-

IpSpw-_-Ønse {]apJ hy‡n-Xz-ßƒ°p-sa-Xnsc CXn¬

71

Hfn-b-ºp-Iƒ ImWmw. Ckvem-anI kaq-l-Øns‚ Bflob

hnip≤n FSp-Øp-I-f-bp-Ibpw AXns‚ B[ym-flnI ss]Xr-

I-Øn¬ \n∂v AXns\ th¿s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-aWv CØ-c-°m-

cpsS e£yw. aqey-ß-fpsS IY Ign®v Ign-™m¬ ]ns∂

tXm∂nb Btcm-]-W-ß-sfms° Cu alm-∑m¿s°-Xnsc

D∂-bn-°m-a-t√m. Akzv̂ lm-\n-sb-t∏m-ep-≈-h-cpsS e£yw

Chsc kwi-b-Øns‚ \ng-en¬ \n¿ØpI F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv.

kzlm-_-Ønt\m Bep-ss_-Ønt\m Aßs\ bmsXmcp

hnip-≤nbpw Cs√∂v hcp-Øn-Øo¿°p-I-bm-Wv.

Cßs\ alZv hy‡n-Xz-ßƒ°v If-¶-ta¬∏n-°p∂

Ht´sd ]cm-a¿i-ß-fp≠v Akzv̂ lm-\n-bpsS A¬-A-Km\n

F∂ IrXn-bn¬. {]hm-NI IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fpsS Pohn-X-]-cn-

ip-≤nsb hsc Akzv̂ lm\n tNmZyw sNøp-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-

am-bn, lpssks‚ ]p{Xnbpw \_n-]p{Xn ^mXzn-a-bpsS t]c-

°p-´n-bp-amb kpssI-\-sb-°p-dn® ]cm-a¿iw. GsXmcp

hnizm-kn\n-sb-°p-dn®pw Aßs\ ]d-™m¬, \maXv hniz-

kn-°n-√. F∂n-´mtWm kz¿K-Ønse bph t\Xmhv

lpssks‚ ]p{Xnsb Ipdn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿iw?

AKm\n F∂ IrXn-bn¬ Hcn-SØv (17/42) Cßs\

ImWmw. kpssI\ Hcp Kmb-Is\ kμ¿in-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-

∂p. Cu Kmb-I≥ A√m-lp-hn-te°v ]›m-X-]n®v aS-ßp-

Ibpw Km\m-em-]\w Dt]-£n®v Bcm-[\m I¿a-ß-fn¬ apgp-

Ip-Ibpw sNbvX Bfm-bn-cp-∂p. Akzv̂ lm\n ]d-bp-∂-Xv,

Cu Kmb-Is‚ am\-km-¥-c-Øn¬ kpssI\ ZpxJn-Xbpw

hymIp-ebpw Bbn-cp∂p F∂-s{X. Xs‚-b-SpØv h∂v Kmb-

I≥ ]m´p-]m-S-W-sa-∂mWv kpssI\ B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv˛

Aßs\ Bcm-[\m I¿a-ß-fn¬\n∂v Abmsf ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°-

W-sa∂pw! A√mlp c£! (A¬ Cbm-Zp-_n√m!)

CXp-t]mse C\nbpw Hcp-]mSv I≈-°-Y-Iƒ. A°m-

eØv kpssI\ ZpxJn-X-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xv icn. I¿_-e-

72

bn¬ Xs‚ ]nXmhpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ßfpw c‡-km-£n-I-fmb

kμ¿ -̀am-Wv. GsXm-cmfpw XI¿∂p-t]m-Ipw, ]ns∂-bpt≠m

lpssks‚ {]nb-]p{Xn kpssI-\. CXn -s\-bmWv

Akzv̂ lm\n CΩ-́ n¬ Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.1

as‰mcp ]cm-a¿iw t\m°q. lpssks‚ ]p{X≥ Aen-

bpsS ]p{X-\mWv ssk\p≥ B_n-Zo≥. At±lsØ°p-dn-

®mWv {]ikvX Ad-_n-°hn ^nd-kvZJv "Ct±-l-at√m

_XzvlmAv tZi-sam-∂msI Adn-bp-∂-bmƒ' (lm-Z-√Zo

XAvcn^p¬ _XzvlmA...) F∂p XpSp-ßp∂ Ihn-X-bm-e-]n-

®-Xv. Akzv̂ vlm\n ]d-bp-∂-Xv, ssk\p¬ B_n-Zo-s\-°p-dn-

®√ ^nd-kvZJv B IhnX sNm√n-bn-´p-≈Xv F∂m-Wv.

Akzv̂ lm-\n-sbbpw At±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-sbbpw \nin-X-

ambn hnNm-cW sNøp∂ "bam\n hmƒ AKm-\n-°m-c≥

Akzv̂ lm-\n-bpsS IWvT-Øn¬' (A-ss -̂ p¬ bam\n ^o

\lvcn¬ Akzv̂ lm\n kzmln-_n¬ AKm-\n) F∂ Hcp

]pkvXIw tUm. heo-Zp¬ AAvfan cNn-®n-́ p-≠v.2

H∂p IqSn Bh¿Øn-°p-∂p, Ckvem-ans‚ BZy \q‰m-

≠p-I-fn¬ Pohn® alm-c-Y-∑m-sc-°p-dn-®-dn-bm≥ Akzv̂ lm-

\n-bpsS AKm-\n-bn-te°v Xncn-bp-∂Xv A]-I-S-am-Wv. AtX-

k-abw Ihn-X-bmbpw kmln-Xy-ambpw a‰p hnh-c-W-ß-fmbpw

]eXpw AKm-\n-bn-ep-≠v. atlm-∂X KpW-ß-fpsS {]iw-

kbpw AXn-ep-≠v. Ah FSpØv ]d-bp-∂-Xnt\m {]N-cn-∏n-

°p-∂-Xnt\m bmsXmcp XI-cm-dp-an-√. Hcp Ncn{X IrXn F∂

\ne°v AXns\ kao-]n-°-cp-sX∂v am{Xw.

2. C_v\p A_vZn-d-∫-bpsS A¬-C-JvZp¬ ̂ coZv

CXv Xam-i-°-Y-Ifpw ]pcm-hr-Ø-ß-fp-sam-s°-bp≈ Hcp

kmlnXy ]pkvX-I-am-Wv. Ckvem-anI Ncn-{X-Ønse Hcp

kp{]-[m\ Ime-L-´-sØ-°p-dn-®-dn-bm≥ kzt_m-[-ap≈

Bsc-¶nepw Cu IrXnsb B{i-bn-°ptam? Cu IrXn-bpsS

kwtim-[-I≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv t\m°q: ""Zp¿_-ehpw {]_-e-hp-

amb hnh-c-W-ß-fpsS Hcp an{in-X-am-Wn-Xv. \nth-Z-Itcm

73

\nth-ZI ]c-º-ctbm CXn¬ tN¿Øn-́ n-√. At±lw B{i-bn-

®n-́ p≈ t{kmX- p-Iƒ Ah-ew-_n-°m≥ sIm≈p-∂-Xp-a-√.''3

3. C_v\p JpssX_ FgpXn F∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ "Cam-

aØpw cmjv{So-bhpw' (A¬ Cam-aØp h n-bm-k)

CXv C_v\p JpssX-_-bpsS ta¬ sIń-tb¬∏n® Hcp

]pkvX-I-am-sW-∂-Xn\v \nc-h[n sXf-nhp-I-fp-≠v.

F) C_v\p JpssX-_-bpsS Poh-N-cn-{X-sa-gp-Xnb Bcpw

Cß-s\-sbmcp IrXn At±lw Fgp-Xn-b-Xmbn ]d-bp-∂n-√.

_n) Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ cN-bn-Xmhv C_v\p A_o

ssee Fs∂m-cm-fn¬\n∂v, At±-l-Øn¬\n∂v t\cn¬ tI´

t]mse D≤-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. C_v\p A_o ssee F∂-bm-fpsS

bYm¿Y t]cv apl-ΩZv _v\p A_vZn¿dlvam\p _v\p A_o

ssee F∂m-Wv. ^nJvlv ]finX\pw Jq -̂bnse JmZnbpw

Bbn-cp-\p. acn-®Xv ln. 148-̨ ¬. C_v\p JpssX_ P\n-°p-

∂Xv Xs∂ ln. 213-̨ ¬ BWv. A_q ssee acn®v 65 h¿j-

ßƒ°v tijw!

kn) ]pkvXIw hmbn-°p-∂-h\v H‰ t\m -́Øn¬ a\- n-

em-Ipw, {KŸ-I¿Ømhv aKvcn-_nepw Znan-ivJnepw Xma-kn-®n-

´p-s≠-∂v. F∂m¬ C_v\p JpssX_ _KvZm-Zn¬ \n∂v

ssZ∂qdn-te-°-√msX as‰m-cn-S-tØ°pw t]mbn-ń-s√∂v

]cs° Adn-hp≈ Imcy-am-Wv.

CsX√mw sh®v H∂n-e-[nIw Kthj-I¿ Cu ]pkvXIw

C_v\p JpssX-_-bpsS t]cn¬ sIń-®-a-®-Xm-sW∂v

ka¿Yn-®n-́ p-≠v. Kth-j-I-cn¬ Nne¿:

˛ tUm. k¿hXv D-°mi. C_v\p JpssX-_-bpsS aB-

cn^v F∂ IrXn°v Fgp-Xnb kwtim-[\m Ipdn-∏n¬.

D°mi sXm≈m-bn-cØn Adp-]-Xp-I-fn¬ CuPn-]vXnse

kmwkvIm-cnI a{¥n-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

˛ C_v\p JpssX-_-bpsS "Dbq-\p¬ AJv_m¿' F∂

IrXn-bpsS Bap-J-Øn¬ apl-Ω-Zp¬ CkvI≥Z-dm-\n.

74

˛ aP-√-Øp¬ A_vlm-kn¬ K_vdm-Cu¬ P_q¿

˛ C_v\p JpssX-_-bpsS "A¬ssa-kndp h¬ JZmAv'

F∂ IrXn-bpsS Bap-J-Øn¬ apln-∫p-±o≥ JØo-_v.

˛ aP√-Øp¬ A_vlm-kn¬ tUm. apl-ΩZv \Pvav Fgp-

Xnb teJ\w.

4. akv-Du-Zn-bpsS apdq-Pp±-l_v

Cu IrXn-bn¬ \nth-ZI ]c-º-c-I-fn-√. sI´p-I-Y-Ifpw

A¤pX IY-I-fp-amWv k¿h-{X. ssiJp¬ Ckvemw C_v\p

ssXanø ]d-bp∂p: ""akv-Du-Zn-bpsS Ncn-{X-Ir-Xn-bnse sI´p-

I-Y-I-fpsS FÆw A√m-lp-hnt\ Adnbq! I≈-°-Y-I-fpsS

t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp IrXn-bnse \nth-ZI ]c-º-c-bn-

√mØ Hcp hnh-cWw ]ns∂ Fßs\ hniz-kn-°m-\mWv?''4

C_v\p J¬Zq≥ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""akv-Du-Zn-bp-sSbpw hmJn-Zn-

bp-sSbpw IrXn-I-fn¬ hniz-kvX-cmb \nth-Z-I¿ Ah-ew-_n-

°m≥ sIm≈m-Ø-Xv, sI´n-®-a-®Xv Fs∂ms° hy‡-ambn

]d™ Imcy-ß-fp-≠v.''5

5. apAvXkn-en-bmb C_v\p A_o lZo-Zns‚ idlp

\lvPn¬ _emK

\nth-Z-I-cpsS _em-_ew ]cn-tim-[n-°p∂ ]finX

hrØ-ß-fn¬ AXy¥w Zp¿_-e-amWv Cu IrXn. CXns‚

cN\m ImcWw Xs∂ H´p-h-fsc kwi-b-ßƒ Db¿Øp-∂p-

≠v. XmØm-dp-I-fpsS ssII-fm¬ _Kv-Zm-Zn¬ Hcp aney≥

apkvenw-Iƒ sIm√-s∏-Sm≥ Imc-W-°m-c-\mb C_v\p¬

A¬Jan F∂ a{¥n°v th≠n-bm-Ws{X Cu IrXn cNn-®-

Xv.6 Jhm≥km-cn-sb-t∏m-ep≈ hf-sc-t∏¿ Cu {KŸ-Im-c-

s\bpw {KŸ-sØbpw hna¿in-®n-́ p-≠v. "hnh-c-an-√m-Ø-h≥,

Zpjn® ho£-Whpw Nn¥m-K-Xn-bp-ap-≈-h≥, kzbw hgn-sX-‰n-

b-h≥, Hcp-]mSv t]sc hgn-sX-‰n-®-h≥' Fs∂m-s°-bmWv

{KŸ-Im-c-s\-°p-dn®v ao¿km l_o-_p√m JqCu Fgp-Xp-∂-

Xv. B ]pkvX-I-sØ-°p-dn-®m-sW-¶n¬ JqCu-bpsS A`n-

75

{]mbw CXm-Wv. "Bflm-hn-√mØ PUw; Imºn-te-°n-d-

ßmsX sXmen-∏p-dsa Id-ßp∂p; Imcy-ambn {]tbm-P-\-sam-

∂p-an-√, tI´m¬ AXr]vXn tXm∂p-∂, ip≤ {]Ir-Xn°v

Dƒs°m-≈m-\m-hmØ hymJym-\-ßƒ.'

6. keo-ap_v\p ssJkns‚ A -Jo^

A⁄m-X-\mWv Cu {KŸ-I¿Øm-hv. F√m-hcpw

AXoh Zp¿_ew F∂v hnti-jn-∏n® IrXn. \_n-Ip-Spw-

_sØ Xmd-Sn®v ImWn-°p∂ H´p-h-fsc ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ. [oc-

iq-c-]-cm-{I-anbpw Ckvem-anI temI-Øns‚ A[n-]-\p-am-bn-

cp∂ Aen(-d)-sb-°p-dn®v I≈-°-Y-Iƒ CXn¬ tN¿Øn-́ p-≠v.

DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v:

˛Xs‚ Ah-Imiw ( -̀c-W-Øn-\p-≈) tNmZn®v hmßm≥

Aen ̀ ocpXzw ImWn®p (\-Du-Zp-_n-√mlv!)

˛ A_q-_-°-dn¬\n∂v Jnem-^Øv X´n-sb-Sp-°m≥

A≥kzm-dp-I-tfmSpw aplm-Pn-dp-I-tfmSpw klm-b-a¿Yn-°p-∂-

Xn-\mbn Aen Xs‚ `mcy-bmb ^mXzn-asb cm{Xn Igp-X-∏p-

dØv Ib‰n Ab-®p.

˛ Jp¿-Bs‚ icnbpw kºq¿W-hp-amb {]Xn Aen Hfn-

∏n-®p-sh-®p. Aßs\ A]q¿W-amb Jp¿-B≥ {]Xn P\-

ßƒ Ah-ew-_n-°m≥ CS-bmbn!

Xs‚ `mcybpw kz¿K-Øn¬ kv{Xoc-Xv\-ß-fpsS t\Xm-

hp-amb ^mXzn-asb {]hm-NI injy¿ Xs‚ I¨ap-ºn¬

sh®v X√p-∂Xv I≠v- Aen H∂-\-ßpI t]mepw sNømsX

AXv t\m°n-\n-∂p˛ as‰mcp I≈-°-Y. Cßs\ B[n-Im-cnI

Ncn{X t{kmX- p-I-fn¬ h∂ hnh-c-W-ßƒ°v IS-I-hn-cp-≤-

amb ]®-°-≈-ßƒ. kam\y t_m[-ap≈ Hcm-sfbpw Ch

Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bn-√. P\-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ `n∂n-∏p-≠m-°p-

Ibpw bYm¿Y hkvXp-X-I-fn¬\n∂v Ahsc hgn-Xn-cn-®p-hn-Sp-

Ibpw sNøp∂ CØcw ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ Icp-Xn-bn-cn-°-W-

sa∂v Bb-Øp√ apl-ΩZv ^Zvep-√sb t]mep≈ Bfp-Iƒ

76

ap∂dn-bn∏v \¬In-bn-́ p-≠v. Hcn-°¬ Da¿ _v\p¬ JØzm_v

Aen-bpsS hoń-te°v CSn®p Ib-dn-sb∂pw hmXn¬

XI¿°p-Itbm Xosh-°p-Itbm sNbvX tijw ^mXzn-a-

bpsS hmcn-sb√v ASn-®p-s]m-́ n-s®∂pw AXv ^mXzn-a-bpsS

K¿`ÿ inip Ae-kn-t∏m-Im≥ Imc-W-am-sb∂pw keo-

ap_v\p ssJkv F∂-bmƒ Fgp-Xn-∏n-Sn-∏n-®n-́ p-s≠∂v Is≠-

Øp∂ apl-ΩZv ^Zvep-√, CsXm-cmƒ°pw AwKo-I-cn-°m-\m-

hmØ \pW-°-Y-bm-sW∂pw k¿h-cmepw BZ-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂

^mXzn-a(-d)-sb-t∏m-ep≈ Hcp al-Xn°v t\sc Hcmfpw

Cßs\ sNøn-s√∂pw Hm¿a-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.7

Cu A`n-{]m-bsØ DkvXmZv AlvaZv ImXn-_n-s\-t∏m-

ep≈ [mcmfw Kth-j-I¿ ]n¥p-W-®n-́ p-≠v.8 F∂m¬ hnI-e-

am-°-s∏´ Ncn-{XsØ t\sc-bm-°m\pw XncpØm-\p-ap≈

^Zvep-√-bpsS {ia-ßƒ Nne ISpØ ]£-]m-Xn-Iƒ°v H´pw

ckn-®n-ń-√. Ah¿ ^Zvep-√sb Im^n-dm-°m\pw At±-l-

Øns‚ Cuam-\nepw Bflm¿Y-X-bnepw kwi-bn-°m\pw

hsc [rjvS-cm-bn. sX‰mb cnhm-b-Øp-Iƒ kzoIm-cy-a√ F∂v

]d-™-Xn-s‚ t]cn-em-Wn-sX-√mw. CtX-°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬

Adn-b-W-sa-∂p-≈-h¿ apl-ΩZv _mJn¿ kzm^n-bpsS

^nXv\Øp ^fven√ ( -̂fvep-√-bpsS ^nXv\-Iƒ), PAv̂ dp¬

Ban-en-bpsS aAvkmXp- -lvdmAv (^m-Xzn-a-bpsS Zpc-¥w)

XpS-ßnb IrXn-Iƒ ImWp-I.

Npcp-°-Øn¬, F¥p-sIm≠pw Xnc-kvI-cn-°-s∏-tS-≠,

kwi-bm-kv]-Z-amb Imcy-ßƒ am{Xw IpØn-\n-d® Hcp IrXn-

bmWv kJo^. "CXv hnizm-k-tbmKya√, CXn-e-[n-Ihpw

FSp-°m≥ sIm≈p-I-bn-√, Ie¿∏pw {`wihpw h∂n-cn-

°p∂p'F∂v Xkzvlolp CAvXnJm-Zm-Xn¬ Cam-anø (5/149)

F∂ IrXn-bn¬ ImWmw. "sIń-®-a-®p-≠m-°nb Ht´sd {]Nm-

c-Øn-ep≈ IY-I-fp≠v CXn¬' F∂v Kfm-C-cn.9 len ]d-bp-

∂Xv "sIń-®-a® {KŸw, ]c-kv]c `n∂-amb \nth-Z-\-ßƒ'

F∂m-Wv.10 ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-Sp∂ A∫m-

77

\p_v\p Abmiv F∂-bmƒ I≈w Na-°p-∂-bm-fm-sW∂pw

keo-ap_v\p ssJkn-t‚-Xmbn ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ Cu ]pkvXIw

Xs∂ Cbmƒ Na-®p-≠m-°n-b-Xm-sW∂v kwkm-c-ap-s≠∂pw

len shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

A∫m-\p_v\p Abm-ins‚ Poh-N-cn-{X-Ip-dn-∏n¬ Kfm-

Ccn ]d-bp∂p: ""Cbmƒ hniz-kn-°m≥ sIm≈m-Ø-h-\m-Wv.

keo-ap_v\p ssJkns‚ t]cn¬ Cbmƒ ]pkvXIw sI´n-®-a-

°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v \ΩpsS Bƒ°m¿ Icp-Xp-∂p.''11 CtX

A`n-{]mbw Xs∂ lminw aAvdq^pw {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-́ p-≠v.12

7. A_vZp¬ Akokv Pul-cn-bpsS A -Jo^

bmsXmcp B[n-Im-cn-I-Xtbm aqeytam C√mØ Hcp

hne-£W IrXn-bm-Wn-Xv. AXn\v \nc-h[n Imc-W-ß-fp-≠v.

H∂v, {KŸ-I¿Ømhv \nth-Z-\-ß-fpsS _em-_ew ]cn-

tim-[n-°p∂ ]fin-X-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬ kzoIm-cy-\-√. \lvPp¬

_emK°v hymJym-\-sa-gp-Xnb C_-\p A_n¬ lZoZv am{X-

amWv Pulcn hniz-kn-°m≥ sIm≈p-∂-h-\m-sW∂v ]d-™n-

´p-≈-Xv. Cu C_v\p¬ lZoZv Xs∂ hniz-kn-°m≥ sIm≈m-

Ø-h-\m-sW-∂mWv ]fin-X-a-Xw. Pul-cn-sb-°p-dn®v JqCu

]d-bp-∂Xv C{]-Im-c-amWv: ""Pul-cn-bpsS hnizm-kyX ÿnc-

s∏-́ n-́ n-√. ImcWw C_v\p lZo-Zns‚ Xs∂ hnizm-kyX

kwi-b-Øn-em-W-t√m.''13

c≠v, A -Jo^ F∂ Cu ]pkvXIw ]mcm-bmWw

sNøptºmƒ apºmcpw Hcp Ncn{X {KŸ-Ønepw ]d-™n-́ n-

√mØ A]-cn-NnX kw -̀h-ß-fmWv \mw ImWp-∂-Xv. hnizm-k-

tbm-Ky-amb Hcp Ncn{X tcJ-bnepw AØcw kw -̀h-ßƒ

]cm-a¿in-®n-́ p-an-√. CXv {KŸ-Im-c-s‚bpw {KŸ-Øn-s‚bpw

hnizm-ky-X-bn¬ kwibw P\n-∏n-°p-∂p. Ckvem-anI Ncn-{X-

Ønse hfsc \n¿Wm-b-I-amb Hcp L -́sØ-°p-dn-®mWv Cu

]cm-a¿i-ß-f-{Xbpw F∂v hcp-tºmƒ {]tXy-In-®pw.

hy‡amb sXfn-hp-Itfm hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-amb \nth-ZI ]c-

º-c-Itfm C√msX AØcw ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°m≥

78

bmsXmcp \nhr-Øn-bp-an-√.

aq∂v, A -Jo^bnse an° kw -̀h-ß-fp-sSbpw \nth-

ZI ]c-ºc Zp¿_-e-amWv; \nth-Z-I¿ hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-c-√m-Ø-

h-cpw. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v "\tΩmSv AlvaZv _v\p CkvlmJv

]d™p' F∂p XpS-ßp∂ Hcp \nth-ZI ]c-º-c-bp≠v Cu

IrXn-bn¬. ]ns∂ ]d-bp-∂Xv "kCu-Zp¬ A≥kzmcn Xs‚

Bfp-I-fn¬\n∂v D≤-cn®p' F∂m-Wv. BcmWo AlvaZv

_v\p CkvlmJv? \ap-°-dn-bn√! BcmWo "kCu-Zns‚

Bƒ°m¿?' A√m-lp-hn\p am{X-a-dnbmw!!14

8. bAvJq_n-bpsS Ncn{Xw

Cu IrXn-bpsS hnh-c-t{km-X- p-I-fn-e-[n-Ihpw hmJn-Zn,

A_q anJv\ v̂ eqXzv _v\p blvb F∂n-h-cn¬\n∂v kzoI-cn-

®-Xm-Wv. CS-°nsS apdn™p t]mb \nth-ZI ]c-º-c-Iƒ

ImWn-®mWv CXn-e-[nI hnh-c-W-ßfpw h∂n-́ p-≈-Xv. ]Z-{]-

tbm-K-ß-fn¬ Xs∂ \nth-ZI ]cºc hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-a√

F∂-Xn\v sXfn-hp-Iƒ [mcm-fw. "]d-b-s∏´p', "D≤-cn-°-s∏´p',

"Nn-e¿ D≤-cn-°p∂p', "Nne¿ ]d-bp∂p' F∂nßs\bp≈

{]tbm-K-ß-fpsS B[nIyw Xs∂ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb _e-lo-\-

Xsb Ipdn-°p-∂p-≠-t√m.15

Ct±lw Fgp-Xp-∂Xv \_n-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-s‚bpw \_n-in-

jy-cp-sSbpw Ncn-{X-amWv F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬

A_q-_-°¿, Da¿, Dkvam≥(d) F∂n-hsc ]-cm-a¿in°p-

tºmƒ Jeo^ F∂ hnti-jWw tN¿°m-Xn-cn-°m≥

Ct±lw {i≤n-°p-∂p. CXv [m¿jvSy-a-√msX as‰-¥mWv?

F∂m¬ Aen(-d)sb ]cm-a¿in-°p-tºmƒ "\_nbpsS

hkznøv' (\_n {]tXy-I-ambn hkzn-øØv sNbvX-bmƒ)

F∂v Iq´n-t®¿°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXv hy‡-amb hnth-N-

\-am-Wv. \_n-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-s‚bpw \_n-in-jy-cp-sSbpw Ncn-{X-

sa-gp-Xp-∂-h¿°v Hcn-°epw D≠m-Im≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xv. Nne

alm-∑m-cmb kzlm-_n-I-tfm-Sp≈ i{XpXm at\m-̀ m-h-amWv

ChnsS shfn-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ap≥[m-c-W-Iƒ sh®mWv Ncn-{X-sa-

79

gp-Xm≥ XpS-ßn-b-sX-∂¿Yw. CXns‚ hnizm-kyX \jvS-s∏-Sp-

Øn-bXpw as‰m-∂-√.

bAvJq_n-bpsS ]pkv-X-I-Øn\v c≠v ̀ mKap-≠v.

H∂v, Ign-™p-t]mb kaq-l-ß-sf-°p-dn® sI´p-I-Y-Ifpw

]pcm-hr-Ø-ß-fpw. {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS Poh-N-cn{Xsagp-Xp-

tºmƒ C©oepw Xudm-Øp-sam-s°-bmWv At±-l-Øns‚

apJym-h-ew-_-ßƒ. bmsXmcp kwi-b-ßƒ°p-an-S-bn-√mØ

Jp¿-Bs‚ Ncn{X hnh-c-W-ß-fm-Is´ Ct±-l-sam v́ kzoI-cn-

°p-∂p-an-√. IqSp-X-sem∂pw ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m...

c≠v, \_n-bpsS Ncn-{Xhpw ]ns∂ kw£n-]vX-ambn

Jeo-̂ -am-cpsS Ncn-{Xhpw. hmepw Xebpw apdn™ \nth-ZI

]c-º-c-I-fn-eqsS h∂ hnh-c-W-ßfpw ]ns∂ sI´p-I-Y-Ifpw

\n¿tem-̀ w.

AXn-\m¬ ssh⁄m-\n-Iambn bmsXmcp aqey-hp-an√

Cu bAvJq_o IrXn-°v. CXn-s\-°p-dn®v tUm. apl-ΩZv

kzman¬ A -ean ]d-bp-∂Xv ImWpI: ""Ckvem-anI Ncn{X

cN-\-bnse h{Io-I-c-W-Øn\pw hnIr-X-am-°-en\pw anI®

ZrjvSm-¥-amWv Cu IrXn. Ckvem-anI Ncn-{X-sØbpw

AXnse alm-c-Y-∑m-scbpw Icn-hm-cn-tØ-°m≥ ]m›m-Xycpw

Hmdn-b‚-en-Ãp-Ifpw apJym-h-ew-_-am-°n-bXpw Cu IrXn-sb-

Ø-s∂.''16

laq-b-Øn-bpsS ^dm-C-Zp- -a-Xzo≥, A_p¬ ^n-Zm-Cs‚

A¬ap-JvX-kzdp ^o AJv_mcn køn-Zn¬ _i¿ F∂o

IrXn-Ifpw H´pw Ah-ew-_-\o-b-a-√m-Ø, sI´p-I-Y-Iƒ

\nd™ IrXn-I-fn¬ s]Sp-∂p.

kam-]\wJp¿-B-s‚bpw lZo-kn-s‚bpw A¥- Ø Dƒs°m-≠v,

BZy-Ime Ckvem-anI kaq-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-hn-ip-≤nbpw

t{ijvT-Xbpw a\- n-em°n hfsc kq£va-X-tbmsS

sNtø≠ Imcy-amWv Ckvem-anI Ncn{X cN\ F∂mWv Cu

80

]pkvX-I-Øn¬ \mw ka¿Yn-°m≥ {ian-®-Xv. GsXms°

IrXn-Isf Ah-ew-_n-°mw, GsXms° IrXn-Isf Ah-ew-

_n-®p-IqSm F∂pw \mw hy‡-am-°n. Ncn{X cN-\-bntem

]mcm-b-W-Øntem Ae-k-Xbpw kq£va-X-°p-dhpw h∂p-

t]m-bm-ep≈ A]-I-Shpw Xpd-∂p-Im-́ n.

CsX√mw sh®v H‰ Imcyw IqSn DW¿Ø-s´. Ckvem-

anI Ncn-{X-sa-gp-Xp-∂-ht\m hmbn-°p-∂-ht\m `mh\-bpsS

Nnd-In-tedn ]d-°-cp-Xv. Aßs\ hcp-tºmƒ B `mh-\-

s°mØv Ht´sd kw -̀h-ßƒ Ah\v ]S-t°-≠n-h-cpw. AXn-\-

\p-k-cn®v hn[n-\ym-b-ßƒ ]pd-s∏-Sn-t°-≠n-h-cpw. AXv Ncn-{X-

tØmSv sNøp∂ ISpØ A\o-Xnbpw A{I-a-hp-am-Wv. Ncn{X

bmYm¿Yy-ßsf Ipgn-®p-aq-Smt\ AXv D]-I-cn-°q.

Cu {KŸ-c-N\ Hcp a\p-jy-b-Xv\-am-sW∂v Hm¿a- th-

Ww. sX‰p-Iƒ h∂-t]m-Im≥ km[y-X-I-fp-≠v. sX‰p-Iƒ

{i≤-bn¬ s]´n-́ p-s≠-¶n¬ kZbw Nq≠n-°m-́ p-I. Xm¶-fpsS

A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw Adn-bn-°p-I. hmb-°m-cs‚ A`n-{]m-b-

ßƒ°v Rßƒ henb hne I¬]n-°p-∂p. ]pXnb ]Xn-

∏n¬ Ah IqSn tN¿°m-a-t√m. Aßs\ hn⁄m\ {]Nm-c-

W-sa∂ Cu alXv ZuXy-Øn¬ Xm¶ƒ°pw ]¶p-tN-cmw.

A√mlp A\p-{K-ln-°-s´.

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ

1. C°mcyw apl-Ω-Zp¬ aPvZq-_ns‚ A¬ AKm\n hss -̂ p¬

bam\n F∂ teJ-\-Øn¬ (a-Pve-Øp¬ PmanA A¬ Ckvem-an-ø)

h∂n-́ p-≠v.

2. Akzv̂ lm-\n-bpsS Poh-N-cn-{X-a-dn-bm≥ apAvPap¬ apA-√-̂ o≥

(2/234) F∂ IrXn ImWp-I. Cu hnj-b-I-ambn apl-ΩZv AlvaZv Je-

^p-√m-lv, i^oJv P_vcn F∂n-h-cpsS ]T-\-ß-fp-≠v.

3. C_v\p ssXanb ]ªn-tjgvkv {]kn-≤o-I-cn® A¬ CJvZp¬

^co-Zns‚ BapJw (1/16) ImWp-I. dioZp cnZm Xs‚ X v̂ko-dp¬ a\m-

dnepw (5/85) CXv kw_-‘-ambn Fgp-Xn-bn-́ p-≠v.

81

4. an≥lm-Pp- p∂ 4/84

5. XmcoJp C_v\p J¬Zq≥, apJ-±na (t]Pv 9).

6. Jhm≥km-cn-bpsS dufm-Øp¬ P∂mØv 5/20,21)

7. apl-Ω-Zp¬ Pkm-C-cn-bpsS "DΩ-Øp≥ ^o dPpen apl-ΩZv

lpssk≥ ̂ Zvep√' F∂ IrXn (t]Pv 219) ImWpI

8. "^Zvep√ bJqZp kud-X≥ kJm-^nø h bivJq an\¬

C¿lm_v' (A¬ lbmØv Zn\-]{Xw 2.1.1999) F∂ teJ\w ImWp-I.

^mXzn-a(-d)-sb-°p-dn® sI´p-I-Y-Isf s]mfn®v Im´p∂ Hcp ]T-\hpw

AlvaZv ImXn_v Xbm-dm-°n-bn-́ p-≠v. AXns‚ io¿j-Iw˛ DkvXzq-dXp

afveq-an-øØv A p-ldm

9. C_v\p¬ Kfm-C-cn-bpsS A¿cn-Pm¬, t]Pv 119

10. InXm_p cnPm¬ en C_v\n Zmhq-Zn¬ len, t]Pv 107

11. C_-\p¬ Kfm-C-cn-bpsS A¿dn-Pm¬, t]Pv 36

12. lminw aAvdq v̂ A¬ lk-\n-bpsS A¬ aufu-BØv ^n¬

BYmcn h¬ AJv_m¿, t]Pv 184

13. JqCu-bpsS "apAvPap cnPm-en¬ lZokv' 2/142

14. A¬_m-\n-bpsS "A n¬kn-e-Øp ≈Cu^' 4972-̨ mw lZo-kn-

s\-°p-dn® ]cm-a¿iw.

15. Xmco-Jp¬ bAvJq_n 2/168-̨ 171

16. a≥lPp InXm-_-Øn-Øm-co-Jn¬ Ckvem-an, 521

82

83

book-2 swahabikalude charithram · 4 {]km-[\w a_¿d-Xp¬ B¬ h¬ Akzvlm_v hJv^v Ckvem-anI a{¥m-ebw...

Documents

Transcript of book-2 swahabikalude charithram · 4 {]km-[\w a_¿d-Xp¬ B¬ h¬ Akzvlm_v hJv^v Ckvem-anI a{¥m-ebw...