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IEEE power<1energ,

of the History of ComputingVolume 33 Number 3 July-September 2011 http://www.computer.org

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~ñnalsof the Hlstory of Computlng

Departments

67 InterviewsDavid Walden, EditorWillis H. Ware

74 AnecdotesElizabeth (Jake) Feinler

Host Tables, Top-Level Domain Names, and the Originof Dot Com

80 Reviewsfeffrey R. Yost and Atsushi Akera, Editors

82 Events and SightingsChigusa Kita, Editor

History of Computers Exhibition at HiroshimaCity Library

The Vintage Computer Festival East 7.0Obituary: Gary Chapman

88 Yhink PieceGustav SjóblomControl in the History of Computing:

Making an Ambiguous Concept Useful

Computer Society Information, p. 54

Articles appearing in this joumal are abstracted andindexed in Historical Abstracts and America: Historyand Llfe.

All full-Iength artícles published in this joumal are peerreviewed.

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Editorial: Unless otherwise stated, bylined artlcles, as weli as product and servicedescriptions, refIect the author's or firm's oplnlon. Incluslon in IEEEAnnals of tlleHistory of COlllputlngdoes not necessarily constltute endorsement by the IEEEor theIEEEComputer Society. AlI submissions are subject to editing for style, cIarity, andlength. IEEE prohlbits dlscrimlnation, harassment, and buliylng. For moreInformation, visit www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/whatls/policies/p9-26.html.

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CDVERFEATURES 44 The Final Frontier:1- 6UESTEDlTOR'SINTROOUCTION Confidentiality and Privacy:z 21 Security and Privacy in the Cloud

in an Online World FranciscoRocha,Salvador Abreu,La.I RolfOppliger and MiguelCorreia

1- Mostofthe perimeter-orientedsecurity Theboundarybetween the trusted insideandmechanismswe currentlyrelyon no longer the untrustedoutside blurswhen a company

:z workinan onlineworldwhereit's increasingly adopts cloudcomputing.Theorganization'sdifficultifnot impossibleto definethe applications-and data-are no longeronsite,

e perimeterand separate the trusted insidefrom fundamentallychangingthe definitionof athe untrustedoutside.Thearticlesincludedin maliciousinsider.

U thisspecialissueare intendedto providea 51comprehensivepictureofthe security Securing the Internet of Thingschallengesand privacyconcernsthat apply Rodrigo Roman,Pablo Najera,to this newenvironment.

and Javier Lopez

23 Malicious and Spam Posts inThe Internet ofThings offers a vision of extremeinterconnectionthat willbringunprecedented

Online Social Networks convenience and economy, but ensuring its safeSaeed Abu-Nimeh,Thomas M.Chen, and ethical use will require novel approaches.

and OmarAlzubi60Alarge-scalestudy ofmorethan halfa million Sticky Policies: An Approach

Facebookposts suggeststhat membersof for Managing Privacy acrossonlinesocialnetworkscan expect a significant Multiple Partieschariceofencounteringspam posts and a Siani Pearson and MarcoCasassa Montmuch lowerbut not negligiblechanceofcomingacrossmaliciouslinks. TheEnCoReprojecthasdevelopeda technical

solutionforprivacymanagement using29 Security Vulnerabilities in machine-readablepoliciesthat isapplicable

the Same-Origin Policy:ina broad range ofdomains.

Implications and Alternatives PERSPECTIVESHossein Saiedian and DanS.Broyles 69 Trends in Server EnergyThesame-originpolicyoverlyrestrictsWebapplicationdevelopmentwhilecreatingan Proportionalityever-growinglistofsecurityholes,reinforcing Frederick Ryckbosch,Stijn Polfliet,the argument that the sOPisnot an and LievenEeckhoutappropriatesecuritymodel. Serverenergyproportionality,as quantifiedby

38 Secure CoUaborative Supply-' the proposed EPmetric,has improved:significantly,from 30-40 percent in 2007 to

Chain Management 50-80percenttoday,but much morecan be -FlorianKerschbaum,AxelSchropfer, done to movesystemscloserto ideal.

Antonio ZiIIi,RichardPibernik, RESEARCHFEATUREOctavian Catrina, Sebastiaan de Hoogh,

73BerrySchoenmakers, Stelvio Cimato, The Three Rs of Cyberphysical, and Ernesto Damiani Spaces

The SecureSCMproject demonstrates the Vivek Menon, Bharat Jayaraman,practical applicability of secure multiparty and Venu Govindarajucomputation to online business collaboration.

Integrating recognition with spatiotemporal, reasoning enhances the overall performance of, information retrieval.¡

IFormore information on computing topies, visit the Computer Society Oigitallibrary at www.computer.org/csdl. J

IEEEComputer Society: http://computer.org

Computer: http://computer.org/computer

computer@computer.org

IEEEComputer Society Publications Office: +1 714821 8380

Flagship Publication of the IEEEComputer Society

September 2011, Volume 44, Number 9 11

6 The Known WorldLeisureScienceDavid Alan Grier

MEMBERSHIPNEWS

88 IEEE Computer SocietyConnection

91 Call and Calendar

COLUMNS

93 Social ComputingLet's Gang Up on Cyberbullying

Henry Lieberman, KarthikDinakar,and BiragoJones

9 32 & 16 Years AgoComputer,September 1979and 1995Neville Holmes

11 Patent LawTen Things to Know When Your PatentApplication Is Allowed

Brian M. Gaff and Catherine J. Toppin

NEWS14

97 Green ITSoftware Bloat and Wasted Joules: IsModularity aHurdle to Green Software?

Suparna Bhattacharya, K.Gopinath, KarthickRajamani, and Manish Gupta

Technology NewsIPv6:AnyCloser to Adoption?Neal Leavitt

18 NewsBriefsLee Garber

102 In DevelopmentOnshore Mobile App Development: Successesand ChallengesChristopher L. Huntley

106 Identity SciencesWhat Are 50ft Biometrics and How Can TheyBeUsed?

Karl RicanekJr. and Benjamin Barbour

112 The ProfessionHas Everything Been Invented?Qn Software Development and the Future of AppsAlessio Malizia and Kai A. Olsen

ERRATAIn "A Personal History of the IBMPe' (Aug. 2011,pp. 19-25), the publication in which the MITSAltaircover story appeared was incorrectly identifiedon page 19. The sentence should read as follows:"Widespread personal computing began withthe publication of a cover story on the MicroInstrumentation Telemetry Systems (MITS)Altairin the January 1975issue of PopularElectronics."

In "IBMPC Retrospective: There Was EnoughRight to Make ItWork" (Aug. 2011, pp. 26-33), themanufacturer of the 6502 was incorrectly identifiedon page 28. The sentence should read as follows:"The three choices were Motorola, Intel, and theMOS Technology 6502."

Computer regrets these errors.

OEPARTMENTS4

378087

EIsewhere in the CSComputer Society InformationCareer OpportunitiesBqokshelf

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Permission to reprint/republish this material for commercial. advertising. or promotional purposesor for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE bywriting to the IEEE Intellectual Property Rights Office. 445 Hoes Lane. Piscataway. NJ 08854-4141 orpubs-permissions@ieee.org. Copyright «:>2011 IEEE. AII rights reserved.

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IEEEter~comp~oclety

IEEE ~ a h....mpuer 'fgQuc!SSSeptember/October 2011 . Volume 31, Number 5 . Published by the IEEEComputer Society

FeatureArticles-

3o Virtual Prototyping of ShoesTomKühnert, Stephan Rusdorf,and GuidoBrunnett

A proposed 3D user interface mimies a shoe designer's

conventional work style. The methods and concepts

developed for this interface are applieable to other

areas-for example, designing car interiors or cockpits.

43 A Responsive Finite Element Methodto Aid InteractiveGeometricModelingNobuyuki Umetani, Kenshi Takayama, ]un Mitani,and Takeo Igarashi

Computer-aided engineering systems use numerical

simulation methods mainly to reject undesirable

designs-not to guide users toward better designs.

However, integrating a real-time finite element method

into interactive geometrie modeling can provide user

guidance. During interactive editing, real-time feedback

from numerieal simulation guides users toward improved

design without tedious trial-and-error iterations.

)re:s/

Cover art: Adversity Conquered, @2011 Georgia Wild

54 Context-Aware Motion Diversificationfor CrowdSimulationQin Gu and Zhigang Deng

Crowd simulation models typically focus on navigational

pathfinding and local collision avoidance; little research

has explored how to control individual agents' motions.

A proposed approach adaptively controls agents' motion

styles to increase a crowd's visual variety. Experimentalscenarios and user evaluations demonstrate the

approach's flexibility and capability.

66 Wait-Free Shared-MemoryIrradiance CachingKurt Debattista, Piotr Dubla, Luís Paulo Peixoto

dos Santos, and Alan Chalmers

Parallelizing rendering algorithms to exploit

multiprocessor and multicore machines isn't

straightforward. For example, the irradiance cache (IC)is an acceleration data structure that caches indirect

diffuse irradiance values. In multicore systems, threads

must share the IC to achieve high efficiency. A novel

wait-free access mechanism significantly reduces

synchronization overhead.

Tutorial

18 Graph Analytics-Lessons Learnedand Challenges AheadPak Chung Wong, Chaomei Chen, Carsten Gorg,

Ben Shneiderman, ]ohn Stasko, and ]im Thomas

lessons learned from developing four graph analytics

applications reveal good research practiees and grand

challenges for future research. The application domains

inelude electric-power-grid analytics, social-network

and citation analyties, text and document analyties, and

knowledge domain analytics.

ISSN 0272-1716

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jSUSTAINA8lESoufcingfORESTR'I'_INlTlAlIYE _.$fipfogf.m.Of'

Departments

3 Fromthe EditorComings, Goings, and a Contest,Gabriel Taubin

4 About the CoverThe Power of TutorialsGary Singh

6 Visualization Viewpoints2010 IEEEVisualization ContestWinner: Interactive Planning for BrainTumor ResectionsStefan Diepenbrock, ]org-Stefan Praftni, FlorianLindemann, Hans-Werner Bothe, and TimoRopinski

14 EducationIntegrating User Studies intoComputer Graphics-Related CoursesBeatriz Sousa Santos, Paulo Dias, Samuel Silva,Carlos Ferreira, and ]oaquim Madeira

80 Graphically SpeakingCarnival-Combining SpeechTechnology and Computer AnimationMichaelA. Berger,GregorHofer,and HiroshiShimodaira

90 ApplicationsDeco: A Design Editor forRhinestone DecorationsYuki Igarashi

95 Tools and Products

IEEEComputer Society Information, p. 79

Advertiser/Product Index, p. 94

Formore information on computing topies, visit theComputer Society Digital Library at www.computer.org/csdl.

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IN THIS ISSUE

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12 XMl Management for Bioinformatics ApplicationsLena Stromback and luliana FreireScientificexploration has become a data-intensive process, and increasing amounts ofdata need to be stored, analyzed, and shared. XMLcan help address these needs. Asconcrete examples from systems biology show, native XMLstorage can be combinedwith traditional relational databases to offer an effective, usable solution for storingscientific data.

24 Survey: Real-Time Tumor Motion Prediction for Image-GuidedRadiation TreatmentPoonam S. Verma, Huanmei Wu, Mark P. Langer, Indra l. Das, and George SandisonTumor motion caused by patient breathing creates challenges for accurate radiationdose delivery to a tumor while sparing healthy tissues. Image-guided radiationtherapy (lGRT)helps, but there's a lag time between tumor position acquisition anddose delivered to that position. An efficient and accurate predictive model is thus anessential requirement for IGRTsuccess.

36 Climate Change Modeling: Computational Opportunities and ChallengesDali Wang, Wilfred M. Post, and Bruce E.WilsonHigh-fidelity climate models are the workhorses of modern climate change sciences.In this article, the authors focus on several computational issues associated with climatechange modeling, covering simulation methodologies, temporal and spatial modelingrestrictions, the role of high-end computing, as well as the importance of data-drivenregional climate impact modeling.

43 Scalalab: An Effective Scala-Based Scientific ProgrammingEnvironment for JavaStergios Papadimitriou, Konstantinos Terzidis, Seferina Mavroudi,and Spiridon LikothanassisScala offers for many benefits for constructing scientific programming environments.Extending Scala with Matlab-like constructs enabled the creation of ScalaSci, acompiled mathematical scripting framework, and ScalaLab, an efficient integratedscientific programming environment. ScalaLaboffers an interesting op~n sourcealternative to commercial packages, especially for the scientific community familiarwith lava.

56 Coupling Advanced Modeling and Visualization to Improve High-ImpactTropical Weather PredictionBo-Wen Shen, Wei-Kuo Tao, and Bryan GreenTo meet the goals of extreme weather event warning, this approach couples amodeling and visualization system that integrates existing NASAtechnologiesand improves the modeling system's parallel scalability to take advantage ofpetascale supercomputers. It also streamlines the data flow for fast processingand 3D visualizations, and develops visualization modules to fuse NASAsatellitedata.

For more information on these and other eomputing topies, please visit the IEEEComputer

Society Digital Library at www.eomputer.org/publieations/dlib/.

September/October 2011Vol.13, No. 5

Cover iIIustration: Giacomo Marchesi

www.giacomomarchesi.com

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE

Computing in Science &

Engineering aims to support and

promote the emerging discipline

of computational science and

engineering and to foster the use

of computers and computational

techniques in scientific

research and education. Every

issue contains broad-interest

theme articles, departments,

news reports, and editorialcomment. Collateral materials

such as source code are made

available electronically over the

Internet. The intended audience

comprises physical scientists,

engineers, mathematicians, andothers who would benefit from

computational methodologies.AIIarticles and technical notes in

CiSEare peer-reviewed.

~Printed withinks containingsoy andlor

N vegetable oils

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+IEEEControl Systems Society

AclvancingControlScienceandTechnology

» FEATURES

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Cover credit: Ray MayerlNASA Langley;

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Digital Objectldentifier 1O.1109/MCS.2011.941833

2 IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE » OCTOBER 2011

OCTOBER 2011 Voiume 31 Number 5

WWW.IEEECSS.ORG/PAB/CSM

54 L1Adaptive Controlfor Safety-Critical SystemsGuaranteed robustness with fast adaptationNAiRA HOVAKiMVAN, CHENGVU CAO, EVGENV KHARISOV,

ENRiC XARGAV, and IRENE M. GREGORV

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6 FROMTHE EDITORHidden Factbrs

Optilcontates

is pnMATReal.QUAsoft\desi<

9 ABOUT THIS ISSUEEnvelopes

12 PRESIDENT'SMESSAGEMemories and Lessons from Adaptive Control

15 CSSNEWS

16 FEEDBACK

ASKTHE EXPERTSFrom Blue to Green

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25 TECHNICALCOMMITTEEACTIVITIESTeclmical Cornmittee on Control Education

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Custod;)SUSTAlNA8l.E Promotin,S~stlinlble IFORESTRY For"tMjlll1l8i1nlfttl INlTIATM www.dinronram.tlro -

26 PUBLlCATIONACTIVITIESThe Impact of Control Technology

28 APPLlCATIONSOF CONTROLPosition Control in Lithographic Equipment

48 PEOPLEINCONTROLEnrique ZuazuaDragan Nesic

105 FOCUS ON EDUCATIONMechatronics Mania at the InauguralUSA Science and Engineering Festival

112 BOOKSHELF.el Adaptive Control Theory: GuaranteedRobustness with Fast Adaptation

Optimal Control with Engineering ApplicationsBook Announcements

122 OBITUARYHerbert E. Rauch

123 CONFERENCEREPORTSThe 26th Youth Automation Conferenceof the Chinese Association of Automation

125 CONFERENCE CALENDAR

128 RANDOM INPUTS

Announcing the Greatest Controls Conference of All Time

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4 IEEECONTROLSVSTEMSMAGAZINE» OCTOBER2011

MAGAZlNESEPTEMBER 2011 - VOLUME5 NUMBER3

Features

6 High-Performance Motor DrivesDevelopment of New Converter TopologiesMarian P. Kazmierkowski, leopoldo G.Franquelo,Jose Rodriguez, Marcelo A Perez, and Jose l. leon

27 Advances of Mechatronics and RoboticsChallenges and PerspectivesRen e luo and ViWen Perng

35 The Evolutionof Fadory and BuildingAutomationPast, Present, and FutureThilo Sauter, Stefan Soucek, Wolfgang Kastner, and Dietmar Dietrich

49 The New Frontier of Smart GridsAn Industrial Electronics PerspectiveXinghuo Yu,Carlo Cecati,Tharam Dillon,and M.Godoy Simoes

Departments and Columns

2 EDITOR'S COLUMN

4 MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT

64 HISTORICAL

69 lES PHOTO STORY

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scrJPE-lEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine (JEM) publishes peer-reviewed articles that present emerging trendsand practices in industrial electronics product research and development, !rey insights, and tutoria! surveys inIhe field 01 interest to Ihe membership 01Ihe IEEEIndustria! Electronics Society (IEEEIIES)./EM will be fimited tothe scope 01Ihe IE'S,which is given as lheOlY and applications 01electronics, eontrols, eornmunications, instru-mentation, and computational intelligenee to industrial and manufacturing systems and processes.

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October 2011

fortheMicrowave&WirelessEngineer ¡~l L!"Q L!"L L l~ LE

Volume12 . Number6 . October2011 . ISSN1527-3342

'fucusedissue features

- 42 Advanced Filter SynthesisCoupling matrix methodsfor microwave filternetwork synthesisRichard J.Cameron

62 Synthesis and BeyondAdvancedtechniquesfor filter and multiplexer

synthesis and design by optimizationMing Yu and Ying Wang

77 Nonresonating Mode Waveguide FiltersMultimode approaches using nonresonating modes

and enabling the application of standard synthesis techniquesSimone Bastioli

87 Distributed Models for Filter SynthesisEnhanced distributed models and synthesisproceduresfor microwave filtersVicente E. Borla, Pablo Soto, and Santiago Cogollos

101 Synthesis of Star-Junction MultiplexersMethodsfor the synthesis of high selectivity combinersGiuseppe Maccbiarella

features

1 1 O The Groove-Guide OscillatorAlignment techniquesfor groove-guide oscillatordistance and dielectric measurements

Thomas Franz Bechteler and Ayse Sevinc Aydinlik Bechteler

120 MultiobjectiveOptimizationOptimizationof a differential phase shifter througha multiobjective algorithmSai Ha Yeung and Kim Fung Man

on the cover:@lSTOCKPHOTO.COMIDAVIO MARCHAL

IEEEmcrowave magazine 3

fortheMícrowove& WirelessEngineer

IEEEMicrowaveTheory and Techniques SocietyThe Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTI-S) isan organization, within the framework of the IEEE, of mem-bers with principal professional interests in the field ofmicrowave theory and techniques. All members of the IEEEare eligible for membership in the Society. Information aboutjoining the IEEE or the Society is available on the Web,http://www.ieee.org/membership.

MTT-SAdComThe Society is managed by an Administrative Committee(AdCom) consisting of 21 elected members of the Societyplus additional ex-officio members as provided"in the M1T-SConstitution and Bylaws, which is available on the Web,http://www.mtt.org.

OfficersPresident:President-Elect:

Secretary:Treasurer:

Richard V. SnyderNicholas KoliasAlaa AbunjailehWilliam Chappell

Elected MembersLuciano BoglioneTom BrazilWilliam ChappellMark GoukerMadhu GuptaNicholas KoliasShiban KoulJoy LaskarTim LeeJenshan UnMohammad Madihian

Amir MortazawiVijay NairYoshio NikawaGeorge PonchakDominique SchreursRoberto SorrentinoBela SzendrenyiRobert WeigelKeWuQuan Xue

Ex Officio Members (with vote)Immediate Past Presidents: Samir EI-Ghazaly (2010)

Barry Perlman (2009)Józef Modelski (2008)J. Stevenson Kenney (2007)Karl Varian (2006)K.c. Gupta (2005)Robert J. Trew (2004)Manfred Schindler (2003)

HonoraryLifeMembers: T. Itoh, A. Oliner, T. Saad,P. Staecker, K. Tomiyasu

IEEE Trans.MicrowaveTheory& Tech.Editor:IEEEMicrowave and WirelessComponentsLettersEditor:IEEEMicrowaveMagazineEditor:IEEETransactionson THzScience& TechnologyEditor:

George Ponchak

c.-K. Clive TzuangKate A. Remley

Peter Siegel

IEEE Microwave Magazine (ISSN 1527-3342)(IEMMFF) is published seven timesper year in February, April, May, ¡une, August, October, and December by the Instituteof Electrieal and Electronics Engineers, Ine. Headquarters: 3 Park Avenue, 17th Aoor,New York.NY 10016-5997USA. Responsibility for the contents rests upon the authorsand not upon the IEEE, the Society or its members. IEEE Service Center (for orders,subscriptions, address changes): 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NI 08854. Telephone:+1 732981 0060, +1 800 678 4333. Individual copies: IEEE members $20.00 (first copyonly), nonmembers $44.00 per copy. Subscrlption Rates: Subscriptions for Societymembers are inc1uded with membership dues. Nonmember subscrlption rates avail-able upon request. Copyright and reprint permissions: Abstracting is permitted withcredit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limits of U.S.Copyright law for the private use of patrons those artic1eslhat carry a code at the bot-tom of the first page, provided the per-copy fee indicated in the code is paid throughthe Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA. Porother eopying. reprint or republication permission, write Copyrights and PermissionsDepartment, IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NI 08854 USA.Copyright@2011 by the Institute of Electrieal and Electronics Engineers, Ine. All rightsreserved. Periodicals Postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at additional mailing officesRide along endosed. Postmaster: Send address changes to IEEEMierowaveMagazine,IEEE Operations Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Canadian GST#125634188

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columns &departments

6 From the Editor's Desk KateA. Remley,DominiqueSchreurs,RashaundaHenderson,andCharlotteBlairWomen in MTT-S

14 From the Guest Editor's Desk AIiAtiaMicrowaveFilterSynthesis .' .

18 President's Column Richard Snyder~.fr] 'JifNínmen Hifo (Hello)

22 MicroBusiness . Fred Schindler

MTT-S Membership-Is It a Business Question?

26 Guest Bytes Steve MaasWhy Is Everything So Damned Difficult?

32 Health Effects .. James C. Un

The Curious Case of the IARC Working Groupon Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fieldsand Cell Phones

KurtStraif

IARC Response

Ron Melnick

Response from Ronald Melnick

38 Microwave Surfing Rajeev BansalA Eureka Moment

134 TCClídbits, Jenshan UnNew Technical Committee in Our Society

138 Around the Globe VijayNair,CharlotteBlair,Sergio Pacheco,and Bela SzendrenyiMGA Highlights at IMS2011

144 BookjSoftware Reviews AlfyRiddleIntuition ThroughVisualization

147

148

Recently Published Books M.S.Gupta

.Conference Report JeffreyPondand Ramesh GuptaGlobal Participation and Innovationsat IMS2011

Xun Gong and W.Joel D.Johnson2011 IEEE Wireless and Microwave

Technology Conference

MTT-S Ombudsman EdwardC. Niehenke

New Products Michael MajerusMicrowave New Products

156

158

162

168

Conference Calendar

MTT World PabloHerreroand Roland KrügerCellular RF in Munich Is Hot and "Cool"

Octobe¡ 20n

.la

IEEE

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/IEEE

MultiMediaJuly-September 2011 Vol. 18, No. 3

Published by the IEEEComputer Societyin cooperation with the IEEECommunications Society

and IEEESignal Processing Society

Visual Content Identificationand Search

8 Guest Editors' Introductlon}ian Lu, Xian-Sheng Hua, and Dong Xu

12 Visual Reranklng: From Objectlvesto StrategiesXinmei Tian and Dacheng TaoA study of the development of visual reranking methodscan faeilitate an understanding of the field, offer aciearer view of what has been achieved, and helpovercome emerging obstacies in this area.

22 Real-Time Video Copy-Location Detectlonin Large-Scale Repositories80 Liu,Zhu Li,LinjunYang, Meng Wang, and Xinmei TianBy exploring the temporal relationships inherent invideo, a probabilistic framework can help identify andloeate copies of query videos.

32 Weighted Subspace Filtering and RankingAlgorithms for Video Concept RetrlevalLin Lin, Chao Chen, Mei-Ling Shyu, andShu-Ching Chen

The proposed framework, with weighted subspacefiltering and ranking components, is the first attempt inmultimedia resear~h to apply multiple correspondenceanalysis to seleeted features while pruning datainstances.

44 Namlng People in News Videos with LabelPropagatlonPhi ThePham, Tinne Tuytelaars,and Marie-FrancineMoensA faee-naming method that learns from labeled andunlabeled examples relies on iterative label propagationin a graph of eonnected faces or name-face pairs.

56 Dlscoverlng the Thematlc ObJectin Commerclal Videos

GangqiangZhao, junsong Yuan,jiang Xu, and YingWuThe thematie object in a eommercial video isrepresentative of its contento The authors propose a data-mining method for thematic object discovery incommercials by finding spatially eolloeated visual features.

66 Vocabulary Hlerarchy Optimlzatlonand Transfer for Scalable Image SearchRongrongji, Hongxun Yao,Xing Xie, and Qi TianA vocabulary hierarehy optimization and transferframework uses density-based metrie learning to correctquantization biases, without supervision.

E,JeAFIY.DEl51DF,FeVIVIYISEMeQHAR,VI

http://www.computer.org/multimedia

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IEEECOMMUNICATIONS

SOCIETY

IEEESignol Processing Soclety

Editor in Chief]ohn R. Smith IBMAssociate Editors in ChiefFrank Nackyong RuiDorée Duncan SeligmannEditorial BoardSusanne Bol! U. Oldenburg,GermanyDaniel Ellis Columbia U.Farshad Fotouhi Wayne State U.Forouzan Golshani Calif State Univ.,LongBeachWilliam Grosky U.MichiganWinston Hsu National Taiwan UniversityYu Hen Hu U. Wisconsin-MadisonSethuraman Panchanathan Arizona State U.Malcolm Slaney Yahoo!Researchand Stanford CCRMACees G.M. Snoek Universityof AmsterdamQibin Sun Hewlett-PackardHari Sundaram Arizona State UniversityAnthony Vetro Mitsubishi ElectricResearchLabsRong Yan FacebookWenjun Zeng U. Missouri-Columbia

U. Amsterdam

MicrosoftChina R&DAvaya Labs

Submissions: Send to https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/cs-ieee (Manuscript Central). Please check to see if you havean account by using the Check for Existing Account button.If you don't have an account, please sign up. Submit proposalsfOIspecial issues to ]ohn R. Smith (jsmith@Us.ibm.com).Al!~sions are subject to editing for style, clarity, and length.

Feature Article

78 Music Generation with Markov ModelsWalter Schulze and Brink van der Merwe

Byusing music written in a certain style as training data,parameters can be calculated for Markov chains andhidden Markov models to capture the musical styleof the training data as mathematical models.

Departments

2 EIC'sMessageHistory Made Every Day

4 Visions and ViewsPrecision-Recall Is Wrong for Multimedia

11 Upcoming Events

86 Industry and StandardsMobile Visual Search: Architectures, Technologies,and the Emerging MPEGStandard

95 New Products

Computer Society Information, p. 77

Advertiser Information, p. 85

ISSN 1070-986X

Editorial ManagementSenior Manager, Editorial ServicesBusiness Operations ManagerEditorial Business Operations EditorAssoc. Mgr., Peer Review (;(Periodical Admin.Contributing Editor

Kristine Kel!yLars ]entsch

Robin BaldwinEd Zintel

Hilda CarmanKirk Kroeker

Director, Products and ServicesSenior Business Development ManagerSenior Advertising Coordinator

Evan ButterfieldSandra Brown

Marian Anderson

Magazine Operations CommitteeDorée Duncan Seligmann (chair), Erik R. Altman, Isabel Beichl,Krish Chakrabarty, Nigel Davies, Simon Liu, Dejan Milojicié,Michael Rabinovich, Forrest Shull, ]ohn R. Smith, GabrielTaubin, Ron Vetter, ]ohn Viega, Fei-YueWang, ]effrey R. Yost

Publlcations BoardDavidA.Grier (chair),AlainApril,David Bader,AngelaR.Burgess,]im Cortada, Hakan Erdogmus, Frank E. Ferrante, ]ean-LucGaudiot, Paolo Montuschi, Dorée Duncan Seligmann, SteveTanimoto, George Thiruvathukal, Linda I. Shafer

'...".

Engineering Fun

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II rI. I_ :J \ I ~I. r.J. :'~ l, J ~... J 3_'!h l.~ :..

I

FOCUSENGINEERING FUN

27 Engineering FunGuestEditors' IntroductionClark Verbrugge and Paul Kruszewski

30 Improving Digital Game DevelopmentwithSoftwareProductLinesAndreW.B.Furtado, Andre L.M. Santos,GeberL. Ramalho, and Eduardo Santana de Almeida

38 Journey: A MassivelyMultiplayer Online Game MiddlewareAlexandre Denault and J6rg Kienzle

46 Capture and AnalysisofRacing-GameplayMetricsEduardo Jiménez Chapresto, Kenny Mitchell,and Francisco José Serón

53 Repairing Games at Runtime or,HowWeLearnedto StopWorryingand LoveEmergenceChris Lewis and Jim Whitehead

FEATURES

60 Strategies FacilitatingSoftwareProductTransfersDarja Smiteand Claes Wohlin

67 A Survey on Open SourceSoftware TrustworthinessVieri del Bianco, Luigi Lavazza, Sandro Morasca,and Davide Taibi

76 Access Control in JavaScriptRodolfo Toledo and Éric Tanter

INSIGHTS

9 Technology Transfer: A SoftwareSecurity Marketplace Case StudyGary McGraw

Building the Community of Leading Software Practitioners

www.computer.org/software

DJ

4]MalHan,ofSoandlAnIIForre

aLRem

12UninUnb~

Grady

14 .

NaiVtIn Se~and aRobert

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MISCELLANEOUS

6 How to Reach Us Inside Call for Papers:Back Mobile Software59 IEEEComputer Cover

DevelopmentSocietyInformation Inside Call for Papers:

Back Lean Software91 Advertiser/ CoverDevelopmentProduct Index

DEPARTMENTS

4 From the EditorManaging MontezumaHandling All the Usual Challengesof Software Development,and Making It Fun:An Interview with Ed Beach

Forrest Shull

8 LettersRemembering Ann Miller

12 On ArchitectureUnintentionalandUnbalancedTransparencyGrady Booch

14 ViewpointsNalveté Squared:In Search of Two Taxonomiesand a Mapping between ThemRobert L. Glass and Iris Vessey

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16 Voice of EvidenceTesting Software Product LinesPaulo Anselmo da Mota SilveiraNeto,Per Runeson, Ivan do Carmo Machado,Eduardo Santana de Almeida,SilvioRomero de LemosMeira,and EmelieEngstr6m

21 The Pragmatic Architect

Gardening Your Architecture, Part2: Reengineering and RewritingFrankBuschmann

24 ImpactSoftware MileageMichiel van Genuchten and Les Hatton

86 Software TechnologyTest ManagementPanos Louridas

92 RequirementsRequirementsTraceryOlly Gotel and Stephen Morris

96 Tools of the TradeFakingItDiomidis Spinellis

Q For more information on eomputingcopies, visit the Computer Soeiety DigitalLibrary at www.eomputer.org/esdI.

EDITOR IN CHIEFForrestShull

tshull@computer.orgEDITOR IN CHIEFEMERITUS:

Hakan Erdogmus,KalemunResearch

ASSOCIATEEDITORS IN CHIEF

Computing Now: Maurizio Morisio,

Politecnico di Torino; maurizio.mori.sio@polito.it

Design/Architecture: Uwe Zdun,

University01Vienna; uwe.zdun@univie.ac.at

DevelopmentInlrastructuresandTools:ThomasZimmermann,MicrosoftResearch;

tzimmer@microsoft.com

DistributedandEnterpriseSoftware:JohnGrundy,SwinburneUniversityofTechnology;

john-g@cs.auckland.ac.nz

EmpiricalStudies:ToreDyba,SINTEF;Tore.Dyba@sintef.no.

InsightsandExperienceReports:LindaRising,consultant;Iinda@lindarising.org

HumanandSocialAspects:Margaret-Anne(Peggy)Storey,University01Victoria,

Canada;mstorey@uvic.ca

Management:JohnFavaro,Intecs;john@lavaro.net

ProgrammingLanguagesandParadigms:LaurenceTrall,MiddlesexUniversity;laurie@trall.net

Processes:WollgangStrigel,consultan!;strigel@qalabs.com

Quality:AnnieCombelles,DNVlQ-Labs;annie.combelles@dnv.com

Requirements:NeilMaiden,CityUniversityLondon;cc559@soLcity.ac.uk

JaneCleland-Huang,DePaulUniversity;jhuang@ctLdepaul.edu

DEPARTMENT EDITORSBookshell:ArtSedighi,SoftModule

CareerDevelopment:PhilippeKruchten,University01BritishColumbia

Impact:MichielvanGenuchten,OpenDigitalDentistry

LesHallon,KingstonUniversity

OnArchitecture:GradyBooch,IBMResearchPragmaticArchitect:FrankBuschmann,Siemens

Requirements:NeilMaiden,CilyUniversityLondonSoftwareTechnology:ChristolEbert,Vector

Tools01theTrade:DiomidisSpineilis,AthensUniversity01EconomicsandBusiness

Voice01Evidence:ToreDyb1\,SINTEFHelenSharp,TheOpenUniversity

ADVISORY BOARDFrances Paulisch,Siemens (Chair)

Pekka Abrahamsson, FreeUniversity01Bozen-Bolzano

Ayse Basar Bener, RyersonUniversity

Jan Bosch, ChalmersUniv.01Technology

Taku FUjii,Osaka Gas Inlormation

System Research Institute

Robert L. Glass,ComputingTrends

Kevlin Henney,consultant

Gregor Hohpe,Google

Dorothy McKinney,Lockhead Martin SpaceSystems

Grigori Melnik, Microsoft

Ipek Ozkaya,Software EngineeringInstitute

Wollgang Strigel, consultant

DouglasR. Vogel, City Univ.01Hong Kong

Markus V6lter, consultant

RebeccaWirls-Brock, Wirls-Brock Associates

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TechnologyandSoci~tyA PUBlICATION OF THE IEEESOClETY ON SOCIAL IMPlICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY

VOLUME 30 I NUM~ER 3 I FALL2011 I http://ieeessit.org/technology_and_society/

SPECIALISSUEON ISTAS2010:THE FALLOUTFROM EMERGINGTECHNOLOGIESGuest Editors: Katina Michael and M.G. Michael

DEPARTMENTS

3 President's Message

4 News

5 Book Reviews

12 Corrections

13 Special Issue Preface

SPECIAL ISSUE FEATURES

18 ID Scanners in the Australian Night-Time Economy *DarrenPalmer,lan Warren,andPeterMiller

25 WorkplaceConsequencesof ElectronicExhibitionismand Voyeurism*

WilliamA. Herbert

34 Continuous RFID-Enabled Authentication: Privacy Implications*StanKurkovsky,EwaSyta,and BernardoCasano,

42 Regulating Beyond Nanotechnology*LyriaBennettMoses

49 Cyborg Rights *

RogerClarke

FEATU RES

58 Privacy in the Age of Google and FacebookCatherineDwyer

*Refereed articles.

(over image: Istock.

Digilal Objeclldentifier 10.//09/MTS.2011.942284

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11TRADING AT THE 4 BACK STORYSPEED OF LlGHT Our executive editor getsThe speed of financial his shoes on the ground intransactions is reaching Afghanistan to report onits theoreticallimits. electrical reconstruction efforts.By David Schneider 6 CONTRIBUTORS13 KILLER APPS FORFAST NETWORKS 20 THE BIG PICTURE

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16 ROBOT DIARIES 22 HANDS ON

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The effort to improveNew technologies are makingLCDs even thinner.lighter,

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4 Social wrangling on the wild,wildWebCraig Causer

5 The early age of social computingDonald L. Bitzer

9 The art of warCraig Causer

15 WikiTeams: How do they achieve success?Piotr Turek, Adam Wierzbicki,Radostaw Nielek, and Anwitaman Datta

21 Player and team performancein EverQuest 11and Halo3KyongJin Shim, Samarth Damania,ColinDeLong,and Jaideep Srivastava

27 Leadership and success factorsin online creative collaborationKurt Luther and Amy Bruckman

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35 Guanxi in the Ghinese Web-A study of mutual linkingLouis LeíYu and Valerie King

42 Beyond the share button: Making socialnetwork sites work for health and wellnessSean Munson

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OITlllUiJunicationswww.comsoc.org MAGAZINE

Director of MagazinesAndrzej Jajszczyk, AGH U. of Sci. & Tech. (Poland)

Editor-in-Chief

Steve Gorshe, PMC-Sierra, Ine. (USA)Associate Editor-in-Chief

Sean Moore, Centripetal Networks (USA)

Senior Technical Editors

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Technical Editors

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Stefano Galli, ASSIA, Ine. (USA)Joan Garcia-Haro, Poly. U. of Cartagena (Spain)

Admela Jukan, Teeh. Univ. Carolo- Wilhelmina zuBraunsehweig (Germany)

Vimal Kumar Khanna, mCalibre Teehnologies (India)Janusz Konrad, Boston University (USA)

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Series Editors

Ad Hoe and SensorNelWorksEdoardo Biagioni, U. of Hawaii, Manoa (USA)

Silvia Giordano, Univ. of App. Sci. (Switzerland)Automotive NelWorkingand Applieations

Wai Chen, Te1cordia Teehnologies, Ine (USA)Luca Delgrossi, Mercedes-Benz R&D N.A (USA)

Timo Koseh, BMW Group (Germany)Tadao Saito, University of Tokyo (Japan)Consumer Communieatons and NelWorking

Madjid Merabti, Liverpool John Moores U. (UK)Mario Kolberg, University of Sterling (UK)

Stan Moyer, Telcordia (USA)Design & Implementation

Sean Moore, Avaya (USA)Salvatore Loreto, Ericsson Researeh (Finland)

Integrated Circuitsfor CommunieationsCharles Chien (USA)

Zhiwei Xu, SST Communieation Ine. (USA)Stephen Molloy, Qua1comm (USA)

Network and ServieeManagement SeriesGeorge Pavlou, U. College London (UK)

Aiko Pras, U. ofTwente (The Netherlands)NelWorking Testing Series

Yingdar Lin, National Chiao Tung University (Taiwan)Erica Johnson, University of New Hampshire (USA)Tom MeBeath, Spirent Communieations Ine. (USA)

Eduardo Joo, Empirix Ine. (USA)Topies in Optical Communieations

Hideo Kuwahara, Fujitsu Laboratories, LId. (Japan)Osman Gebizlioglu, Telcordia Teebnologies (USA)

John Speneer, Optelian (USA)Vijay Jain, Verizon (USA)

TopiesinRadioCommunkationsJoseph B. Evans, U. of Kansas (USA)

Zaran Zvonar, MediaTek (USA)Standards

Yoiehi Maeda, NTT Adv. Teeh. Corp. (Japan)Mostafa Hashem Sherif, AT&T (USA)

Columns

Book ReviewsPiotr Cholda, AGH U. of Sei. & Teeh. (Poland)

History of CommunieationsSteve Weinsten (USA)

Regulatory and Policr. IssuesJ. Seott Mareus, WIK (Gerrnany)

Jon M. Peha, Carnegie Mellon U. (USA)Teehnology Leaders' Forum

Steve Weinstein (USA)Very Large Projeets

Ken Young, Telcordia Teehnologies (USA)Publications Staff

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Susan Lange, Online Produetion Mana,gerJennifer Poreello, Produetion Speciahst

Catherine Kemelmaeher, Associate Editor

~ ~ IEEE.IEEE ~ COMMUNICATIONS. =. SOCIETV

...

September 2011, Vol. 49, No. 9

www.comsoc.org/--ci

QpTICAL FIBER-WIRELESSACCESS NETWORKS:ARCHITECTURESAND PERFORMANCEIMPROVEMENTS

SERIES EDITORS: OSMAN S. GEBIZUOGLU.HIDEO KUWAHARA,VUAYJAlN, AND JOHN SPENCER

36 GUEST EDITORIAL

38 NETWORK CODING IN NEXT-GENERATION PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS

The authors introduce the basic principies of NC and discuss their applicability toNG-PONs, with a focus on layer 2 design, Their example iIIustrations and simulationsdemonstrate significant potential performance improvements in various NG-PONscenarios while clarifying some underlying topological constraints of NC.KERIMFOULI,MARTINMAIER.ANDMURIELMÉDARD -

48 POWERING THE TELEPHONE OVER OPTICAL LINKS FOR HIGH AVAILABILlTY, LowCOST, AND SMALL CARBON FOOTPRINT

Providing power from the central office to telephone apparatus is used in copper-based systemsto achieve high availability, low costoand low electricity powerconsumption. It is feasible to power the telephone at customer premises optically bysending optical power over the optical fiber connection.SALAHAL-CHALABI

56 INDOOR OPTlCAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION: POTENTIAL AND STATE-OF-THE-ART

In recent years, interest in optical wireless (OW) as a promising complementarytechnology for RFtechnology has gained new momentum fueled by significantdeployments in sol id state lighting technology, The authors review recent advancementsin OW communication. with the main focus on indoor deployment scenarios.HANYELGALA,RAEDMESLEH,AND HARALDHAAS

64 HIERARCHICAL FRAME AGGREGATlON TECHNIQUES FOR HVBRID FIBER-WIRELESS

ACCESS NETWORKS

The authors consider the medium access control enhancements of emerginghigh-throughput WLANs and introduce a novel fiber-wireless (FiWi) backhaulnetwork architecture that integrates the next-generation WLAN-based wirelessmesh network and Ethernet passive optical network.NAVIDGHAZISAIDIAND MARTINMAIER

01

TOPICS IN RADIO COMMUNICATIONSSERIES EDITORS: JOSEPH EVANS AND ZORAN ZVONAR

74 GUEST EDITORIAL

76 ALOE: AN OPEN-SOURCE SDR EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT WITH COGNITIVECOMPUTING RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CAPABILlTIES

Future radio transceivers will offer more functionalities and system features forpotentiating flexibleand reconfigurable radio access networks. Sinceflexibilityinthis case comes at a price of computing resource overhead. The authors propose aconceptually simple though powerful framework for digital signal processingapplications.ISMAEL GOMEZ. VUK MAROJEVIC. AND ANTONI GELONCH

84 IMPACT OF POLLlNG ON BLUETOOTH PICONET PERFORMANCE

Bluetooth has become a ubiquitous technology present in almost every electronicdevice. A question often asked by manufacturers and final users is whether it canbe used for uses other than the ones for which it was designed with the fewestmodifications in the implementation of the protocol. The authors analyze theimpact on performance"Ofthe lowest levelsof the Bluetooth architecture through arelevant parameter known as the polling time.DAVID CONTRERASAND MARIO CASTRO

90 CONTROL OF THE TRADE-OFF BETWEEN RESOURCE EFFICIENCY AND USER FAIRNESS

IN WIRELESSNETWORKSUSINGUTlLlTY-BASEDADAPTIVERESOURCEALLOCATIONThe authorsaddressthe fundamentalproblemof the trade-offbetweenresourceefficiency and user fairness in wireless networks that use opportunistic radioresource allocation, The concept of managing the trade-off by controlling thesystem fairness index is applied. In order to do that. two adaptive utility-basedresource allocation frameworks are proposed.EMANUELB. RODRIGUESAND FERNANDOCASADEVALL

ForRegl762!

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2011 Communications SocietyElected Officers

Byeong Gi Lee, PresidentVijay Bhargava, President-Elect

Mark Karol, IP- Technical ActivitiesKhaled B. Letaief, IP-Conferences

Sergio Benedetto, IP-Member RelationsLeonard Cimini, IP-Publicaticns

Members-at-LargeClass of 2011

Robert Fish, Joseph EvansNelson Fonseca, Michele Zorzi

Class of 2012

Stefano Bregni, V. ChanIwao Sasase, Sarah K. Wilson

Class of 2013

Gerhard Fettweis, Stefano GamRobert Shapiro, Moe Win

2011 IEEE OfficersMoshe Kam, President

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Harold L. Aescher, TreasurerPedro A. Ray, Past-Presiden!

E. James Prendergast, Executive DirectorNim Cheung, Director, Division III

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COMMUNICATIONS MIDDLEWAREFORMOBILE DEVICESAND ApPLlCATIONS

GUESTEDITORS:GURUDUTHS.BANAVAR,PAOLOBELlAVISTA,RAvlKOTHARJ,ANDNAUNIVENKATASUBRAMANIAN

100 GUEST EDITORIAL

103 GENERIC INTERFACE ARCHITECTURE SUPPORTlNG COGNITIVE RESOURCEMANAGEMENTIN FUTUREWIRELESSNETWORKSThe authors present a new generic interface and APIarchitecture that has beendeveloped and prototyped in several different wireless platforms.MAHESH SOORIYABANDARA, TIM FARNHAM, PETRI MÁHÓNEN, MARINA PETROVA,

JANNE RIIHIJÁRVI, AND ZHOU WANG

114 USING AN OPEN-SOURCE IEEE802.21 IMPLEMENTATION FOR NETWORK-BASEDLOCALlZEDMOBILlTYMANAGEMENTThe authors present ODTONE, an IEEE802.21 implementation that is operating-system-independent and open source, and offers a novel approach to interfacingwith different link layers that facilitates the deployment of IEEE802.21 mobilitymechanisms in multiple scenarios.DANIEL CORUJO, CARLOS GUIMARAES, BRUNO SANTOS, ANDRUIL.AGUIAR

124 PUBLlSH/SUBSCRIBE DELAY-TOLERANT MESSAGE-ORIENTED MIDDLEWARE FORRESILlENT COMMUNICATIONThe authors describe a mobile middleware architecture using delay-tolerantnetwork(DTN)technology,and publish/subscribeconcepts.PENG JIANG, JOHN BIGHAM, ELlANE BODANESE, AND EMMANUEL CLAUDEL

132 A CONTEXT REALlZATION FRAMEWORK FOR UBIQUITOUS ApPLlCATIONS WITHRUNTIMESUPPORTContext awareness makes information technology invisible and seamless to people'sdaily living. As a result, numerous context frameworks have been developed forsimplifying the development of context-aware applications by providing low-Ievelcontext data operations such as acquisitions and simple aggregations in terms ofAPls or toolkits. These frameworks are still falling short in requiring developers toexplicitly deal with context-related tasks such as constraint enforcement in theapplication code. The authors present a framework to bridge the gap.JIANZHU,HUNGKENGPUNG,MOHAMMADOLIVA,ANDWAI CHOONGWONG

TOPICS IN NETWORK TESTINGGUESTEDITORS:YING-DAR UN, ERICAJOHNSON,AND EDUARDOJoo

GUEST EDITORIAL

MEASURING THE BITTORRENT ECOSYSTEM: TECHNIQUES, TIPS, AND TRICKS

BitTorrent is the most successful peer-to-peer application. In recent years theresearch community has studied the BitTorrent ecosystem by collecting data fromreal BitTorrent swarms using different measurement techniques. The authorspresent the first survey of these techniques.MICHALKRVCZKA,RUBÉNC'!EVAS,CARMENGUERRERO,ARTUROAzCORRA,ANDANGELCUEVASOEFMON: AN OPENEVALUATlONFRAMEWORKFORMULTIMEDIAOVERNETWORKSThe authors pro pos OEFMON, an open framework for evaluating the qua lity ofmultimedia transmissions over networks.CHUNHOLEE,MVUNGCHULKIM,SOONJ. HYUN,SOOVONGLEE,BENLEE,ANDKVOUNGHEELEE

IN PURSUITOFMASSIVESERVICEEMULATION:A METHODOLOGYFORTESTBEDBUILDINGEvery day, more servicesin the Internet are being massivelyused, while networkoperators struggle to maiFltaintheir performance. Since simulations are not alwaysaccurate and evaluation prior to deployment is a must, it is often convenient tobuild an emulation testbed to test these servicesin more realistic environments.ALBERTOÁLVAREZ,ROBERTOGARCIA,SERGIOCABRERO,XABIELG. PAÑEDA,DAVIDMELENDI,AND RAFAELOREA

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ACHIEVINGAIRTIMEFAIRNESSOFDELAY-SENSITIVEApPLlCATIONSIN MULTIRATEIEEE802.11 WIRELESSLANsIn multirate IEEE802.11 wireless LANs,performance anomaly is a well-studiedproblem. Most existing solutions try to solve this problem by achieving airtimefairness. However, these solutions tend to increase the frame delay of so mestations. If these stations run delay-sensitiveapplications, e.g., VolPand videoconferences, their qua lity of service would be seriously degraded. The authorsintroduce and classify the existing solutions.POCHIANGLIN,Wu-I CHOU,ANDTSUNGNANUN

President's PageCertification ComerBook ReviewsNew Products

6 Conference Preview/lCC 201218 Product Spotlights20 Global Communications Newsletter22 Advertisers' Index

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