Body Systems
description
Transcript of Body Systems
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The Nervous System
*Body Systems
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*What is the Nervous System?
*Coordinates movements and maintains balance*Receives information about what is going on, processes the information, and forms a response.*Carries messages to and from brain and spinal cord*TWO divisions: central and peripheral
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*Neurons
*The basic unit of the nervous system – a cell*Carry messages from one part of body to
another*Junctions called SYNAPSE
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*Neurons
*Different types of neurons in system that perform specific roles
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*Central Nervous System
*The “Control Center of the Body”
*Brain and Spinal Cord
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*CNS – The Brain
*Weighs about 3 pounds – moist and spongy*Made up of about 100 BILLION neurons*Protected and cushioned by layers of membranes and fluids*3 Major Regions*Cerebrum*Cerebellum*Brain Stem
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*CNS – The Brain
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*CNS – The Brain
*Cerebrum*85% of brain’s weight*Specialized Regions*Deep groove separates*Frontal Lobe: voluntary
movements; emotions*Occipital Lobe: vision*Parietal Lobe: sensory
information*Temporal Lobe: hearing,
balance, and speech
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*CNS – The Brain
*Cerebellum*Coordinates movements and balance*Simple movements would be impossible
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*CNS – The Brain
*The Brain Stem*Midbrain: adjusting to sensory information*Pons: breathing and coordination*Medulla: automatic functions: heart rate, blood pressure, and swallowing
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*CNS – The Spinal Cord
*Thick column of nerve tissue linking brain to most of nerves of peripheral system*Vertebrae surround and
protect*Surrounded by protective
membranes and bathed in fluid
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*CNS - Reflexes
*REFLEX: automatic response to your environment*Think of a hot flame!
*Some reflexes controlled by spinal cord only, not brain, to enable your body to react faster protecting you from harm.
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*Peripheral Nervous System
*Includes the network of nerves that link the rest of your body to your brain and spinal cord.*NERVE: bundle(s) of axons
packaged with connective tissue
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*PNS – Sensory Division
*Some nerves carry info from ears, eyes, etc from your outside environment*Others carry info regarding your internal
conditions: BP, HR, etc*BOTH deliver their info to the CNS
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*PNS – Motor Division
*SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: controls voluntary actions*Chewing food, skeletal muscle movements,
etc*AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: regulates
actions that happen automatically*Breathing, heart beat, digestion, crying
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*Keeping Healthy
*Avoiding Head Injuries*CONCUSSION: swelling of the brain – bruiselike injury due to a blow to the head or rapid head movement (whiplash)*Loss of consciousness, vomiting, drowsiness, confusion, nose bleedBrandon Sutter - Hocke
yAnother Hockey Concussion
Mike Modano - He IS Alive...
"Scrambled Eggs"
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*Keeping Healthy
*COMA: Prolonged period of deep unconsciousness*Sarah's Story*Sarah Speaks
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*Keeping Healthy
*Avoiding Head Injuries*Helmets lower risk!*Wear seat belts!*Check water deepness*Avoid drugs and alcohol – lead to poor
decisions
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*Keeping Healthy
*Avoiding Spinal Cord Injuries*Can result in PARALYSIS: loss of abilities to move and/or
feel body parts*Oklahoma vs Florida State*Jahvid Best
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*Keeping Healthy
*Avoiding Nerve Injuries *Repeated movements may injure the
nerves in that area – Carpel Tunnel, Tarsal Tunnel*Symptoms: Weakness and numbness*Treatment: Splints, medications, surgery*Take breaks, maintain posture!
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*Keeping Healthy
*Preventing Infections*Rare in NS because of protection of tissues*MENINGITIS: inflammation of the membranes
surrounding brain and spinal cord; viral or bacterial*Stiff neck, severe headache, high fever
*Rabies is an infection of the CNS
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*Keeping Healthy
*Living with EPILEPSY*Sudden, uncontrolled nerve impulses; flood
of brain activity causing a SEIZURE*Epileptics are prone to seizures*Facial twitching, loss of awareness, and
muscle spasms may occur during seizures*Possibly caused by genetics, problems
during prenatal development, diseases, or head injuries
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*Keeping Healthy
*Preventing Headaches*Most common problem*Tension headaches: physical or emotional
stress*MIGRAINE: especially severe and long-
lasting*Light and noise sensitive, nausea, blurred
vision*Proper diet, exercise, and sleep may help
prevent, but the cause is unknown*Avoid triggers