Body Systems
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Transcript of Body Systems
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Body Systems
Chapter 15
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THE SKELETAL SYSTEMChapter 15.1
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Your Body’s Framework
• Skeletal System – is an internal system made up of bones, joints, and connective tissue.
• Made up of 3 parts– Bones– Joints – Connective Tissues
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Bones
• There are 206 Bones in the Body• Funtions of Bones– Allow Movement– Provide Support– Protect other parts of your body– Form new blood cells– Store minerals
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Joints
• Joints – the points at which bones meet. • Types of Joints– Hinge Joints – move in one direction only– Gliding Joints – enable bones to slide over one
another. – Pivot Joint – moves from side to side and up and
down and allows for limited rotation. – Ball and socket joint – move in all direction,
allowing rotation.
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Connective Tissues
• Cartilage – Strong, flexible tissue that provides cushioning at your joints.
• Ligaments – Strong cords of tissue that connect the bones in each joint.
• Tendons – Tough bands of tissue that attach your muscles to bones.
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Problems of the Skeletal System
• Fracture – a break in a bone caused by an injury.
• Dislocation – Occurs when a bone is pushed out of its joint.
• Sprain – stretching of twisting of ligaments in a joint
• Osteoarthritis – a breakdown of cartilage that causes swelling and stiffness of joints.
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Problems Continued…
• Scoliosis – a sideways curvature of the spine. • Osteoporosis – a condition characterized by
brittle and porous bones.
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THE MUSCULAR SYSTEMChapter 15.2
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Muscular System
• Your muscular system is the group of structures that make your body parts move.
• Muscles are all throughout your body. • Muscles are located in your intestines, heart,
and on your skeletal system.
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Types of Muscle Tissue
• Skeletal muscles – muscle attached to bones that enables you to move your body.
• Smooth muscle – muscle found in organs and in blood vessels and glands.
• Cardiac muscle – muscle only found in the walls of your heart.
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Muscles of the Body
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Problems with the Muscular System
• Pulled of torn muscle – Muscle has been torn away from the bone or has been damaged within itself.
• Muscle strain – any type of soreness that develops in a muscle because of overuse. Caused by small tears in the muscle.
• Cramped muscle – muscle remains contracted rather than extending. Usually a sign of dehydration.
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THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEMChapter 15.3
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What is the Circulatory System?
• The Circulatory System consists of organs and tissues that transport essential materials to body cells and remove their waste products.
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Blood
• Plasma – made up of 92% water. Transports blood solids, nutrients, hormones, and other minerals.
• Red blood cells – carry oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide away from them.
• White blood cells – help fight disease and infection.
• Platelets – help blood form a clot at the site of a wound.
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Problems of the Circulatory System
• Hypertension – a condition in which blood pressure is consistently higher than normal.
• Stroke – usually results from blood clots that block vessels in the brain.
• Heart Attack – is blockage of the flow of blood to the heart.
• Arteriosclerosis – a condition in which arteries harden.
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Care of the Circulatory System
• Limit fat in your food• Get regular exercise• Avoid tobacco• Manage stress
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THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEMChapter 15.4
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What is the Respiratory System?• The organs that provide the body with a continuous
supply of oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide.
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Problems with the Respiratory System
• Influenza – colds caused by viruses• Bronchitis – Swelling of the bronchi• Allergies – immune responses to foreign
substances• Asthma – inflammatory disease that causes
the bronchi to become blocked or narrowed• Pnumonia – lung infection caused by viruses
or bacteria
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• Emphysema – disease in which the alveoli are damaged or destroyed
• Tuberculosis – bacterial lung infection that causes a dry cough in early stages.
• Lung Cancer – a disease in which tissues of the lung are destroyed by the growth of a tumor.
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Care of the Respiratory System
• Stay active• Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke• Avoid polluted air• Reduce your risk of respiratory infection
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THE NERVOUS SYSTEMChapter 15.4
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What is the Nervous System?
• There are 2 parts– The Central Nervous System• The brain and the spinal cord
– The Peripheral Nervous System• The nerves that connect the CNS to all parts of the
body.
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The Nervous System and the Brain
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What are neurons?
• Neurons are specialized cells that make up the nervous system.
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Problems with the Nervous System
• Head injury – Usually caused by a blow to the head
• Spinal cord injury • Nerve inflammation
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THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMChapter 15.6
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What is the Digestive System
• The digestive system is an organ system that converts food to a form useful to the body.
• Digestion is the changing of food you eat into substances the body can use.
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The Digestive System
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Parts of the Digestive System
• Small Intestine – a coiled, tubelike organ that is about 20 feet long.
• Large Intestine – transports waste out of the body and absorbs water from the waste before it leaves.
• Liver – large gland that has many digestive functions.
• Gallbladder – small, saclike organ that stores bile• Pancreas – an organ that produces enzymes that
assist in digestion.
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Problems with the Digestive System
• Indigestion• Diarrhea• Ulcers• Cirrhosis• Gallstones• Kidney Stones• Appendicitis• Hemorrhoids• Colon Cancer
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Care of the Digestive System
• Eat a variety of food• Eat complete meals• Do not rush your meals• Chew food thoroughly• Drink plenty of water• See your dentist regularly
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THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEMChapter 15.7
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What is the Endocrine System?
• A chemical communication system that regulates many body functions.
• It is made up of glands.– A Gland is a group of cells, or an organ, that
secretes a chemical substance.
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Some of the Organs in the Endocrine System
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Problems of the Endocrine System
• Diabetes• Overactive Thyroid• Underactive Thyroid• Growth Extremes
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Caring for the Endocrine System
• Eat balanced meals• Get enough sleep• Engage in regular physical activity• Keep things in perspective• Have regular medical checkups