[email protected] ENGR-11_Lec-02_Chp2_Fomulate_Design.ppt 1 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11:...

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Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering-11: Engineering Design

Bruce Mayer, PELicensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer

[email protected]

Engineering 11

DefiningDesign Prob



Recall the Design-ProcessFormulating

Problem

GeneratingAlternatives

AnalyzingAlternatives

EvaluatingAlternatives

ReDesignIteration

What, Exactly, is a “Design Problem”



Engineering Design Problems

Engineering Designs Generally Fall into Two Broad Categories• Remedial• New Product

Remedial Problems• There is a Clearly Identified Issue with An

Existing Product or System – A Solution is Needed NOW– Basically IMPROVEMENT or Trouble-Shooting

e.g., Toyota Gas Pedal Recall



NewProduct Design Problems

Generally a “Clean Sheet” Process Requirements Specified Quite Broadly Require The Maximum Application of

Engineering Capability• Creativity • Quantitative & Graphical Skill• Teamwork• Application of Science & Mathematics

See also: http://www.asa3.org/ASA/education/think/intro.htm



Types of Design Problems

Remedial

CURRENT ProductDoes NOT Work

Describe as“Product Deficiency”

Tightly FocusedEngineering Design

New Product

CURRENT ProductDoes NOT Exist

Describe as“Product Opportunity”

Open-EndedEngineering Design



What is a “Product”

One Definition of a “Product” ≡ An item that is purchased & used as a UNIT

Some Examples of Products

Cell Phone Brick Coffee Maker Propane Blow Torch Oil Tanker UV MicroScope

WhiteBoard Marker Milling Machine Door Stop Peeled Potato Sorter F22 Fighter Jet Digital OscilloScope



Anatomy of a Designed Product

Component ≡ A identifiable “piece”, or SubSet of a larger System or Object

The Classes of Components that Comprise the Design of a typcial Physical (touchable) Object• Parts

– A “Part” is typically a MonoLithic Object that canNOT be NonDestructively DisAssembled

• SubAssembly– Comprised of “Parts”, can be DisAssembled




Two Classes of Parts • Purchased, or Standard Parts

– Typically SELECTED from a CATALOG– Also called “Off the Shelf” parts

• Designed, or Special-Purpose Parts (a.k.a., “Piece Parts”)– Designed for a Specific-Need– Typically “Fabricated” from “BluePrint(s)”– May Become a Standard Part if it has a

broad market; it then enters the “Catalog”



Exam

ple S

tand

ard P

art(M

cMaster-C

arr)

Catalog Orderin

g Number




Similarly Two Classes of SubAssys • Purchased, or Standard SubAssys

– Typically SELECTED from a CATALOG– Also called “Off the Shelf” assemblies

• Designed, or Special-Purpose SubAssy– Designed for a Specific-Need– Typically Special and/or Standard Parts

“Assembled” (Put ToGether) from “BluePrint(s)”– May Become a Standard SubAssy if it has a

broad market; it then enters the “Catalog”



Exam

ple S

td S

ub

Assy

(Grain

ger In

sdu

strial)

Catalog Orderin

g Number



Design (De)Composition

During the Case Study we saw how the “chunks” of the design could be broken-down or “DeComposed” in Categories• Purchased/Standard Catalog-Parts• Designed Piece-Parts• Purchased/Standard SubAssys• Designed SubAssys

– ThemSelves “composed” of Standard & Designed Catalog/Piece Parts



Reverse Engineering

The first step in Analyzing an Existing Design is the DeComposition of the “chunks” that comprise the design.

Example: “Simple” Carrot Grater & Chipper



DeCompose Grater/Chipper

Designed SubAssy

Purchased SubAssy

Designed PiecePart

Purchased CatalogPart



Process/Manufacturing Plants

Engineers also Design Process & Manufacturing Plants” (Usually called “Factories”)

Plants themselves are usually not regarded as “Products”; instead they PRODUCE Products

Plants are LARGE systems that take Inputs and Add Value to Make or Produce a Product



Plant Examples

The inputs to Almost ALL plants• Raw or Partially Finished MATERIAL• ENERGY- typically Electrical or Thermal• Human LABOR

Examples• Pickle Factory

– Main Materials: Cucumbers, Water, Salt, Spices

• Automobile – Extremely Sophisticated• Gasoline Refinery – Matl is Crude Oil



Plant Design

Plants are almost always “Custom”• i.e.; they are “One-of-a-Kind”

Plant Design Engineers Use Slightly Different Terminology than do Product Design Engineers

Product Designers• Sub ASSEMBLIES• PARTS

Plant Designer• Sub SYSTEMS• EQUIPMENT

– a.k.a. (Machine) Tools



PLA Plant Design by M. Quemada

See also http://online.chabotcollege.edu/bmayer/ChabotEngineeringCourses/ENGR-10_Into_to_Engrng/E10_Guest_Speakers/MQuemada_Chabot_ENGR10_Fa08.ppt

PLA (Poly Lactic Acid, derived from corn) is a nano-composite biodegradable material • It is free of

synthetic resin and degrades completely in the natural environment.

• PLA provides similar properties to Nylon, PS, PP, & PE



Space Heater DecompositionElectricalSpace Heater

Fan

Blade Assy

Motor

Enclosure

Housing

Guard Screen

ElectricalControls

Fan Switch

HeaterSwitch

TipOver Switch

Power Cord

HeatingElement

CeramicBackPlate

NiChromeWire



DeComp Diagram Utility

Understand the interaction between components

Consider standard parts versus special purpose parts (buy vs. make)

Divide the design problem into separate sub-problems; i.e., identify decisions.

Analyze the Strengths & Weaknesses of existing Designs for products or processing/manufacturing plants



Types of Engineering Design

ReDesign modifying the “form” Selection Design choosing

from existing standard parts/subassemblies

Variant Design modifying existing part or subassembly, but keeping original concept

Adaptive Design adapting known solution to new task

Original Design new concept, part/product never existed before

Easier

Harder



NOT Engineering Design

Artistic Design “Curb Appeal”• “Industrial Designers” are the “Architects”

of Engineered-Product Design– Determine QUALITATIVELY the FORM (size &

shape) and FEEL (color & texture) but Do NOT Apply Science & Math

Tinkering to work in the manner of a tinkerer; especially: to repair, adjust, or work with something in an unskilled or experimental manner (No Sci/Math)



Ind

ustrial D

esign

No

No

.s (few an

yway)



Type of Design by Phases

Detail Design

Parametric Design

ConfigurationDesign

Detail Design

Parametric Design

Detail Design

Formulation

Concept Design

Detail Design

Parametric Design

ConfigurationDesign

variant design

selection design

originaldesign

adaptivedesign



Summary Products and Process-Plants have an

anatomy of components Components include parts & subassemblies Process-Plant components include systems

and equipment Components can be standard or

special purpose Component decomposition diagrams can be

very useful Types of design include: original, variant,

selection, adaptive, redesign Artistic-Design & Tinkering are not really

Engineering design



All Done for Today

CCAMathClass

MATHS200 Mathematical Ideas

Mathematical ideas have always influenced societies, and artists are often among the first to explore and express their meanings and implications. This course presents a variety of mathematical ideas from across cultures and times, particularly those that are still useful to artists, craftspeople, architects, and designers, from the mathematics of nature to modern computers. Each class involves visual presentations and hands-on activities from the course reader/workbook for exploring mathematical ideas. Homework each week involves creating something original to demonstrate an understanding of the mathematical ideas. The textbook supplements the ideas and helps prepare for upcoming class sessions.

These 3 Units of Math are Required for the BA in Industrial Design



Bruce Mayer, PERegistered Electrical & Mechanical Engineer

[email protected]

Engineering 11

Appendix



Deg

rees from

CC

A

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