Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 Subscription and Open Access Business Models in...

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007

Subscription and Open Access Business Models in Journals Publishing

Martin RichardsonManaging DirectorOxford Journals


• Our experiments are designed to discover whether Open Access models can achieve wider dissemination than subscription models

• But in order to be successful any new business model will also need to be financially viable

Experimenting with Business Models


Small libraries Large libraries

Our traditional core market

Research

Teaching

TOTAL LIBRARY MARKET

Subscriptions and Licencing

The Market for Print Journals


The Market for Print Journals

Developing countries Developed countries

Our traditional core market

Academic

Professional

TOTAL LIBRARY MARKET



The channels

• Traditional journal subscription sales

• Online journal collection sales

• Individual article sales

• Licensing content to specialist aggregators


Case Study: Nucleic Acids Research

• Volume 35 in 2007

• 24 issues/~1200 papers published

per year

• 2006 impact factor of 6.3

• Open access model introduced in

2005



Institutional circulation 2002 -2004

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

2002 2003 2004

Developing countries access

Additional sites with Consortiaand multisite subscriptions

Regular Institutionalsubscriptions



Online usage

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

2002 2003 2004

millions

Full text downloads



-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005Source: ARL Statistics 2004-05, Association of Research Libraries, Washington, D.C.

%

Journals Unit Cost Journals Expenditures Journals purchased

Serial Costs in ARL Libraries


• Full open access – Nucleic Acids Research (since 2005)

• Optional open access – 60 journals (and counting)

across a broad range of subjects

Open Access Models


NAR’s author open access charges

Plus:

• Special rates/waivers (£0–420) for developing countries

• Author loyalty discount

• Waiver requests considered from those in financial hardship.

• No charge for commissioned Survey and Summary papers

• Editorial board members – free print or one free publication per year.

Year Non-member Member

2005 £900 / $1500 £300 / $500

2006 £1000 / $1900 £500 / $950

2007 £1250 / $2370 £625 / $1185


NAR submission trends

NAR submissions received 2002–2007

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 est

Year

No

. su

bm

issi

on

s


NAR actual open access charge payments

Period % Authors requesting

waiver

% Paying appropriate

charge

% Accessing member form

% Accessing non-member

form

2005 ~8% (inc. 3% funded by JISC)

92% 71% 29%

2006 7% 93% 37% 63%

2007 est.

7% 93% 17% 83%


Nucleic Acids Research income 2004 - 2006

20062004

Author charges

Institutional memberships

Print subscriptions

Other

47%

83% 7%

39%

7%8%9%


Is OA financially viable?

NAR income per article

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

2004 2005 2006 2007

£000's

Subscriptions Author Charges Other Income


NAR: Daily article views for 2003-200514000

12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0

Does OA increase usage?

Source: Ciber study, 2006


140000

120000

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

0

Search engine

Pubmed

OUP menus

External link

Other

Does OA increase usage

NAR Monthly articles viewed by referrer

Source: Ciber study, 2006 (unpublished)


• 54 Journals participating across a broad range of subjects

• Author charges £800/£1500 depending on whether author based at subscribing institution

• Subscription prices to be adjusted in proportion to % of pages published OA in prior year

Optional Open Access


Are authors choosing to pay for open access?

Oxford Open uptake 2006

Subject Area No. of Journals

Papers Published

OA Papers

% Uptake

Medicine 22 3945 180 5.3

Life Sciences 17 3050 321 7.6

Social Sciences & Humanities

12 405 6 1.1

Mathematics 3 304 5 1.8

Total 54 7704 512 6.6


Optional open access – some issues

• Author charges are currently the same for all journals in Oxford Open – we will consider different rates to reflect uptake and the impact of OA on individual journal revenues

• Subscription prices – we are adjusting prices in 2008 to reflect uptake in 2006-7

• Will we lose subscriptions? As yet it is to early to tell


Link resides in IR rather than final PDF

Access to full-text according to usual policy of each journal

Allows continued and consistent collection and analysis of usage and citation data

It is clear to a casual reader which version of an article is the final and authoritative one

Less likely to cause subscription cancellation and undermine the revenue streams that fund the publication process, including peer-review

Self-archiving: an alternative model

Author

Journal

OUP Journals Online

OAI (Open Archives Initiative) harvesters & aggregators

e.g. www.OAIster.org

Oxford University Eprints I.R.

Article

Link to OUP for PDF full text delivery

Metadata toOxford Eprints

OAI harvesters crawl and index OAI-compliant

websites

(Self-archiving)

The OUP/Sherpa Project


Nucleic Acids Research/ PubMed Central online usage

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

Jan-04

Feb-0

4

Mar-04

Apr-04

May-04

Jun-04

Jul-04

Aug-04

Sep-0

4Oct-

04

Nov-04

Dec-04

Jan-05

Feb-0

5

Mar-05

Full text downloads

Source: PubMed Central

6 months delay

No delay

Case Study: Subject Repositories

Delayed Open Access: Why: The “Decay Curve”

“Impacts of free access”. Nature, 5 April 2001

That was then…


This is now…


A literature journal…


A maths journal…


How will business models evolve?

Key influences on the way our business will be conducted in the future:- Technological developments (and constraints) Politicians and law makers Research funders Library budgets


Questions?

Martin [email protected]

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 Subscription and Open Access Business Models in...

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