Blood Circulatory System in Human

By group IV

OKARINTA ELMIRA AMALIAORISA RAHMATIA FIRSTAOM. DAFFA FAKHRI A.OM. RIYANDRA A.

In the living body there is a circulatory system and lymph circulation systeIn the living body there is a circulatory system and lymph circulation systemm The circulatory system consists of blood and blood circulation tool The circulatory system consists of blood and blood circulation tool

(consisting of the heart and blood vessels)(consisting of the heart and blood vessels) Lymph circulatory system consists of lymph fluid, lymph vessels and lymph Lymph circulatory system consists of lymph fluid, lymph vessels and lymph

nodenode.. Based on the blood vessels, the blood circulation of living beings can be Based on the blood vessels, the blood circulation of living beings can be

divided into open blood circulation and blood circulation is closed.divided into open blood circulation and blood circulation is closed. Open blood circulation is the circulation of blood spread throughout the Open blood circulation is the circulation of blood spread throughout the

body out of the blood vessels.body out of the blood vessels. Covered in blood circulation is the velocity of blood from the heart to the Covered in blood circulation is the velocity of blood from the heart to the

rest of the body and back to the heart and is always in the blood vesselsrest of the body and back to the heart and is always in the blood vessels Based on the moving distance, blood circulation can be divided into small

blood circulation and circulatory large Small circulation is the velocity of blood from the heart to the lungs and

back again to the heart. large is the velocity of circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the

body and back to the heart.

BLOOD

O Blood is composed of two parts, namely blood plasma (55%) and blood cells (45%).

O There are three kinds of blood cells, namely1. eritrosit,2. leukosit, and3. trombosit.

BLOOD PLASMAO Blood plasma or liquid composed of 90% water, 8%

protein (consisting of albumin, hormones, globulin, prothrombin and fibrinogen), 0.9% minerals (consisting of NaCl, sodium bicarbonate, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and iron), and 0.1% organic matter (glucose, fats, urea, uric acid, amino acids, enzymes, and antigens).

O Soluble protein in the blood is called blood proteins.O Blood proteins that are important include hormones,

fibrinogen, albumin, and globulin.

EritrositOErythrocyte function to transport oxygen.OErythrocytes shaped flat, concave in the

middle (bikonkav), and not core.Each 1 mm3 of blood containing ± 5 million erythrocytes.

OErythrocytes containing hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein compound containing the element iron.

OHb function carries oxygen from the lungs and circulate throughout the body.

OErythrocytes formed by red marrow flat bones. After erythrocyte age ± 120 days, the cell becomes obsolete.

OErythrocytes were overhauled by the liver and spleen.

O In the liver, hemoglobin is converted to dye bile (bilirubin). While the element iron in hemoglobin is used again to create new erythrocytes

Eritrosit

Leukosit Leukocyte function to kill germs and

forming antibodies. Leukocytes clear colorless, and its

shape is not fixed like amoeba.

Each 1 mm3 of blood contained 8,000 leukocytes.

Leukocytes have 5 different forms, namely monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils.

TrombositOPlatelets function to freeze the blood.OPlatelets are small, irregular, and not core.

Each 1 mm3 of blood platelets are ± 250,000.

OPlatelets have the enzyme Tissue factor.O If the blood out of being hurt, then it will be

broken platelets.OEnzyme Tissue factor out of platelets.OEnzim trombokinase keluar dari trombosit. OBecause of the influence of calcium ions in

the blood, enzymes Tissue factor prothrombin to thrombin will change.

OWould thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin threads.

OThreads of fibrin cause injury covered and not bleed continuously.

OProthrombin is a protein compound that is formed in the liver with the help of vitamin K.

The process of blood clotting for the Wounded

Table Comparison between erythrocytes, leukocytes and Table Comparison between erythrocytes, leukocytes and TrombosidTrombosid

Number

Differentiating Factor

EritrositLeukosit Trombosid

1Place of production spinal cord

bone marrow and lymph book bone marrow

2 Total5.000.000/mm3

7.000/ mm3 250.000/ mm3

3 Size7,5 µm

5-9 µm2-4 µm

4 Shape biconcave discs irregular irregular

5 Structurewithout nucleushave hemoglobin

• have a nucleus• Without

hemoglobin

• Without Nucleus• Without

hemoglobin

6 FunctionCarry oxygen from

the lungs to all parts of the body

• Phagocytes eating bacteria

• Lymphocytes produce antibodies to kill germs

Thrombosis

BLOOD FUNCTION1. As Tool Carrier a. Erythrocytes serves as a carrier of oxygen from the lungs to the

heart and throughout the body cells;h;

b. blood plasma transport: 1) nutrients from the intestine to the liver and then to

the rest of the body;2) carbon dioxide from the body tissue to the lungs;3) urea from the liver to the kidney to be issued;4) hormones from glands throughout the body's hormones;

2. Leukocyte function to kill germs.3. Platelet function for blood clotting.4. Maintain body temperature stability. The temperature of the

human body 370C range, although the ambient temperature increases or decreased. This is because the energy spread heat evenly carried by the blood.

HEART OThe heart is located in the

left chest cavity.A fist-sized heart, and hollow.

OCavity of the human heart is divided into four parts, namely the right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle and the left ventricle.

OHeart cavity wall is composed of cardiac muscle

OHeart muscle to contract by way of inflation and deflation.

Blood VesselO Blood vessels can be divided into two, namely the

arteries (arteries) and veins (veins).O Arteries and veins are connected by capillaries.

Blood pressure can be measured with a blood pressure meter (sphigmomanometer).

O Blood pressure is a sign of the strength of the heart to pump blood and signs of a person's health.

O Normal adult blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg (millimeters of mercury). Value of 120 indicates systolic pressure, while 80 indicates diastolic pressure

Nadi vessels (arteries)O Arteries are vessels that carry blood away from the

heart.O Arterial blood stream that contains more oxygen.

Artery lies somewhat hidden from the surface into the body.

O Artery vessel wall which has a strong and elastic.Artery coming out of the left ventricle of the heart is called the aorta.

O Aortic flow of oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.

O The aorta has a valve near the heart which serves to keep the blood does not flow back to the heart.

O Artery coming out of the right ventricle to the lungs is called pulmonary artery.

O Pulmonary arteries carry blood rich in CO2O Carbon dioxide is released by the blood in the lungs,

and oxygen captured by Hb.O Blood that has gained oxygen will flow to the heart

through the pulmonary vein.

Behind vessels (VENA)OVeins are the vessels that carry blood to the heart.OVeins located near the surface of the body and appear

bluish.OVeins have thinner vessel wall and not elastic.OVeins have valves along the vessel which serves to keep

blood flowing in one direction toward the heart.OOf the whole body, all vein empties into a large vein

called the vena cava.OVena cava blood flow rich in carbon dioxide from the

body into the heart through the right atrium.OWhile the pulmonary veins drain blood rich in oxygen

from the lungs to the heart.

Capillary Tubes

OCapillaries are formed by a single layer of endothelial cells are very thin and serve for the exchange of substances.

OTotal capillaries very much and the amount of surface area of 600 m2.

OCapillaries are directly related to the body's cells and tissues to deliver oxygen and nutrients.

OFurthermore, carbon dioxide, water and remnants of combustion is taken, to be transported to the lungs and other expenses tool.

Circulation of lymph system (lymph)OLymph circulatory system consists of lymph fluid, lymph

vessels and lymph nodes (lymph node).OLymph circulatory system plays a role in fat distribution

and the eradication of disease.ODuring the circulating blood in the capillaries, there is

blood fluid that seeps out of the blood capillaries. OThe liquid fills the spaces between cells and is called

tissue fluid.OLymph circulation duty to restore the tissue fluid into the

blood capillaries.OTissue fluid which has been in the lymphatic vessels

into a fluid called lymph (lymph).OLymph fluid containing leukocytes and fat. Fat that is

absorbed by the intestine is not transported through the blood vessels, but by lymph vessels.

Lymph vesselsOLymph vessel structures similar to small veins, but has a

lot of valves so that the lymph vessels looks like a series of beads.

OLymphatic vessels located in between the muscles, and has a smooth branch of the section ends open. Through this open end, tissue fluid into the lymphatic vessels.

OLymphatic vessels can be divided into two kinds, namely the right lymph vessels and lymph vessels leftAlong the lymphatic vessels there are some lymph glands, especially in the groin, armpits, and neck.

OWhen the body is exposed to infection, lymph nodes will swell.

OThe function of the lymph glands to produce leukocytes and make sure to avoid spreading the infection further.

Circulation of lymph system (lymph)

In the body there is also a tool body whose function is similar to the lymph nodes, namely:O The spleen is a gland that is dark purple and located

next to the rear of the hull. Spleen serves to:O where the formation of leukocytes and antibodies;O blood cell reservoirs. If any part of the body is deprived

of blood, the spleen wil l spend its reserves;O where demolit ion erythrocytes dead;O tonsils and tonsilO Tonsil is located in the left and right of the larynx.O Tonsils form lymph glands known as tonsil.O Glands in the tonsils contain many lymphocytes.O In addition, the tonsils are also in the nasal cavity called

polyps (nasal polyps).O Tonsils and polyps worked as a front l ine of defense of

the body from infections that can spread from the nose, mouth and throat.

Abnormalities of the Circulatory System

O Anemia O Leukemia O Hemofil ia O Hipertensi O ArterosklerosisO Wasir (Hemeroid) O Varises O jaundice