Blood & Cardiovascular System
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Transcript of Blood & Cardiovascular System
Blood & Cardiovascular System
Alex Ferguson & Talibay Twine
Period 4
Interesting Facts
A healthy heart beats on an average of 100,000 times a day
The human heart is approximately the size of your fist
A healthy heart pumps 2,000 gallons of blood through 60,000 miles of blood vessels each day.
What is the Heart?
The heart is an Involuntary, hollow muscle that pumps blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated muscle contractions which is the lifeline of the body.
What Is the Heart?
Cardiovascular Terminology
Artery: A vessel that transports blood away from the heart.
Arteriole: A small branch of an artery that communicates with a capillary network.
Capillary: A small blood vessel that connects an arteriole and a venule.
Venule: A vessel that carries blood from capillaries to a vein.
Vein: A vessel that carries blood toward the heart.
Cardiovascular Structure & Location
The Heart is divided into four hollow chambers- two on the left and two on the right Upper Chambers Atria
Receive Blood returning to the heart. Superior to the ventricles
Lower Chambers Ventricles Receive blood from the atria and contract to force
blood out of the heart into arteries Inferior to atria
Cardiovascular Structure & Location
The right atrium receives blood from two large veins
Superior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the
body to the heart’s right atrium
Inferior vena cava carries de-oxygenated blood from the lower half of the
body into the right atrium of the heart
Cardiovascular Structure & Location
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through four pulmonary veins Pulmonary veins
Two from the right lung and two from the left atrium
Cardiovascular Structure & Location
The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs through the pulmonary trunk Pulmonary trunk
Divides to form the left and right pulmonary arteries that lead to the lungs
The left ventricle pumps blood to the remainder of the body via the aorta Aorta
The largest artery in the human body; distributes oxygenated to all parts of the body through the systemic circulation
Cardiovascular Structure & Location
Between right atria and ventricle lies the tricuspid valve and between the left atria and ventricle lies the mitral valve Tricuspid valve
Permits blood to move from the right atrium into the right ventricle and prevents backflow
Mitral valve (bicuspid valve) Permits blood from flowing back into the left atrium
from the ventricle
Cardiovascular Structure & Location
At the base of the aorta between the aorta and left ventricle is the aortic valve. Aortic valve
Permits blood to leave the left ventricle and prevents blood from backing up into the ventricle
Cardiac Cycle Terminology
Systole: the phase of the cardiac cycle when a heart chamber wall contracts
Diastole: Phase of the cardiac cycle when a heart chamber wall relaxes
Blood’s Pathway Through The Heart
Blood with low oxygen and high carbon dioxide enters the right atrium through the vena cavae. The right atrial wall contracts (systole) and the blood passes through the tricuspid valve and enters the right ventricle. The tricuspid valve closes and blood moves through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary trunk and its branches (pulmonary arteries). From the pulmonary arteries, blood enters the capillaries associated with the alveoli of the lungs.
Blood’s Pathway Through The Heart
Following gas exchanges between the blood in the capillaries and the air in alveoli, freshly oxygenated blood returns to the heart through pulmonary veins that lead to the left atrium. The left atrial wall contracts, and vlood moves through the mitral valve into left ventricle. When the left ventricular wall contracts, the mitral valve closes, and blood moves through the aortic valve and into the aortic branches.
Blood’s Pathway Through The Heart
Pulmonary Circulation
Pulmonary Circuit: sends oxygen depleted (deoxygenated) blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and unload carbon dioxide.
Systemic Circulation
Systemic Circuit: sends oxygen rich (oxygenated) blood and nutrients to all body cells and removes wastes Waste and carbon dioxide diffuse out of the
cell into the blood, and oxygen in
the blood diffuses into the cell
Heart Sounds
The heartbeat sound heard through a stethoscope sounds like a lubb dupp Due to vibrations within the heart tissues associated with
the closing of valves Lubb
Occurs during ventricular contraction when the AV valves are closing
Dupp Occurs during ventricular relaxation when the pulmonary
and aortic valves are closing
Blood Components
Blood: Transports nutrients, oxygen, wastes, and hormones; helps maintain the stability of the intertital fluid; and distributes the heat
The blood the heart and blood vessels form the cardiovascular system and link the body's internal and external environment
Blood is vital in transporting substances between body cells and the external environment, thereby promoting homeostasis
Blood Components
Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) Shape places cell membrane closer to oxygen
carrying hemoglobin Bloods red apperance caused by hemoglobin
Cell Production= hematopoiesis Forms in yolk sack, liver,
White Blood Cells (leukocytes) Protect against disesas in the immune system Phagocytize bacterial cells in the body while
others
Blood Components
Blood platelets (thrombocytes) Not complete cells that arise from large cells in
red bone marrow called megakaryocytes fragments releasing small sections of cytoplasm- the
platelets into the circulation the larger fragments shrink and become platelets as they pass through blood vessels in the way
Helps close breaks in damaged blood vessels and initiate formation of blood cells
Blood Components
Blood Plasma Transports nutrients, gases, vitamins ad serves
as the liquid portion of the blood in which the cells and platelets are suspended
Plasma proteins remain in the blood and interstitial fluids and
Blood Types
A blood type is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic May be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins,
or glycolipids, depending on the blood group or system
Blood types are inherited by both parents
Blood groups
The ABO blood group system is the most important in human blood transfusion
Blood Type AB does not contain AB antibodies
Rh- second most significant group Hd and antigen D (found on rbc membrane) Important blood transfusion and birth protection
Plasma
Transports nutrients, gases, vitamins and serves as the liquid portion of the blood in which cells and platelets are suspended
Carries absorbed amino acids to where energy used to be.
Plasma lipids
Include: phospholipids, cholesterol Aren't: water soluble Are: 92% water What is a lipid?: functions of lipids include
energy storage, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes.
These lipids: combine with proteins to form…………
Lipoproteins
Any group of soluble proteins that combine with and transport fat or other lipids in the blood plasma.
The function: of lipoprotein particles is to transport lipids (fats) (such as triacylglycerol) around the body in the blood.
They increase as density decreases
Lipoproteins
Chylomicron- high concentration (HC) of triglycerides (TRG). Function: transports dietary fats to muscle and adipose tissue.
Very low density Very low density (VLDL(VLDL)-)- (HC) produced in Liver from remnants that have given up (TRG).
(LDL)-(LDL)- Function: delivers cholesterol to various cells, including liver cells.
High density lipoproteinHigh density lipoprotein (HDL)-(HDL)- (HC) low concentration of lipids Function: transports to liver remnants of chylomicronschylomicrons that have given up (TRG).
Disease
Atheroscleorosis- deposits of fat materials and cholesterol Form in lining of arterial walls Walls form plaque
Plaque: -form blood clots Blood clots: -(ischemia) blood
deficiency -(necrosis) tissue death
The End
Sources
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001762/
http://www.encognitive.com/node/1127 Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy
& Phisiology