Blood supply of the head and neck

ARTERIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Branches of the Arch of Aorta

1. Brachiocephalic artery - divides into right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery.

2. Left common carotid artery

3. Left subclavian artery

A. SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

ORIGINRight:Brachiocephalic a.

Left:Arch of aorta

COURSESubclavian triangle

Beneath the clavicle up the level of the 1st rib

Terminates as the axillary a.

Branches of the Subclavian Artery:

1. Vertebral A. - enters the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae enters the

foramen magnum into the cranial cavity.

2. Thyrocervical trunk. - supplies the thyroid, neck and scapular region

3. Internal Thoracic A. - supplies the mammary gland, anterior thoracic wall and diaphragm.

4. Costocervical trunk – gives off the deep cervical artery and supreme intercostal artery.

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B. COMMON CAROTID ARTERY

- The main arterial trunk which gives rise to branches that supply the head and neck.

- Enclosed in the carotid sheath found in the carotid triangle.

ORIGIN

Right : Brachiocephalic artery

Left: Arch of Aorta

COURSE

Ascends within the carotid sheathUp to the level of the upper border

of the thyroid cartilage

Divides into its to branches

At the bifurcation is a slight enlargement called carotid sinus

BRANCHES

1. Internal Carotid A.

2. External Carotid A.

C. INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY

ORIGIN Commencement

Common Carotid Artery Upper border of the thyroid cartilage

Branches:

A. Cervical portion : no branches in the neck

B. Petrossal portion: Carotico-tympanic A. supplies the middle ear

C. Intracranial portion divides into: 1. anterior cerebral A. 2. middle cerebral A.

Caroticotympanic A.

D. EXTERNAL CAROTID A.

ORIGIN Commencement

Common Carotid Artery Upper border of the thyroid cartilage

TerminationBack of the neck of the mandible where it divides into superficial temporal a. and maxillary a.

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Branches of External Carotid A.:

Maxillary A.

Artery Further branches Tissues supplied

1. Superior Thyroid A. a. Infrahyoid A.

b. Superior laryngeal A.

c. Sternocleidomastoid A.

d. Cricothyroid A.

e. Terminal glandular branches

Hyoid bone

Larynx

SCM

Cricothyroid M.

Thyroid gland

2. Lingual A. a. Dorsal lingual branches

b. Sublingual A.

c. Deep A. of the tongue or profunda linguae A.

Tissues superior to the hyoid bone, including suprahyoid m. and floor of the mouth;

Tongue;

Artery Further branches Tissues supplied

3. Facial A. a. Cervical A. i. Ascending palatine ii. Tonsillar iii. Glandular branch to

submandibular gland iv. Submental a.

b. Facial A. i. Inferior labial a. ii. Superior labial a. iii. Lateral nasal a. iv. Angular a.

-Face in the oral, buccal, zygomatic, nasal , infraorbital, and orbital regions.-Soft palate, palatine m., palatine tonsils;-Submandibular lymph nodes, submandibular salivary glands, mylohyoid, digastric m.,-Muscles of facial expression

4. Occipital a. Medial and lateral branches SCM, meninges, mastoid, and ear.

5. Posterior Auricular a. a. Muscular a.b. Parotid a.c. Stylomastoid a.d. Terminal auricular a.e. Occipital a.

Internal ear and mastoid air cells

Artery Further branches Tissues supplied

6. Ascending pharyngeal a. i. Small Pharyngeal branches

ii. Meningeal branches

Pharyngeal walls soft palate, meninges of the brain

7. Superficial temporal a. i. Parotidii. Auricular,iii. Transverse facial, iv. Middle temporal,v. Zygomatic,vi. Anterior terminal,vii. Posterior terminal

branches

-Parotid duct;-Temporalis m.;-Portions of the scalp in the frontal and parietal regions

8. Maxillary a.

Branches of the Maxillary A.Major Branches Further Branches Tissues Supplied

Middle meningeal Anterior and posterior branches

Meninges of the brain and bones of skull

Inferior alveolar Mylohyoid, mental, and incisive

Mandibular teeth, floor of the mouth, and mental region

Deep temporal Temporalis m.

Pterygoid Lateral and medial pterygoid

Masseteric Masseter m. and TMJ

Buccal Buccinator m. and buccal region

Branches of the Maxillary A.Major Branches Further Branches Tissues Supplied

Posterior superior alveolar Posterior maxillary teeth, gums and mucous membrane and maxillary sinus

Infraorbital Orbital and anterior superior alveolar

Anterior part of cheek, upper eyelid, lacrimal gland, side of the nose, root of the upper lip

Descending palatine Lesser palatine Hard and soft palate, mucosa and glands; gingiva on the lingual surface of the upper alveolar process

Sphenopalatine Lateral nasal, septal, and nasopalatine

Nasal cavity , the adjacent sinuses and the pharynx

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VEINS OF THE HEAD AND NECK

A. Superficial Veins

1. External jugular vein

2. Anterior jugular vein

B. Deep Veins

1. Anterior facial vein

2. Internal jugular vein

3. Subclavian vein

Region or Tributaries Drained

Drainage Veins Major Veins

Meninges of the brain Middle meningeal Pterygoid plexus

Lesser scalp area Superficial temporal and posterior auricular

Retromandibular and external jugular

Frontal region Supratrochlear and supraorbital

Facial and ophthalmic

Orbital region Ophthalmic Cavernous sinus and pterygoid plexus

Superficial temporal and maxillary veins

Retromandibular vein External jugular

Upper lip area Superior labial Facial

Maxillary teeth Posterior superior alveolar Pterygoid plexus

Region or Tributaries Drained

Drainage Veins Major Veins

Lower lip areas Inferior labial Facial

Mandibular teeth and submental region

Inferior alveolar Pterygoid plexus

Submental region Submental Facial

Lingual and sublingual regions

Lingual Facial or internal jugular

Deep facial areas and posterior superior alveolar and inferior alveolar veins

Pterygoid plexus Maxillary

Pterygoid plexus of veins Maxillary Retromandibular

BLOOD TRACING