Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution
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Transcript of Black Hole Growth and Galaxy Evolution
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Black Hole Growthand Galaxy Evolution
Meg UrryYale University
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~All galaxies host supermassive black holes
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The formation and evolution of galaxies
is closely tied tothe growth of black holes~All galaxies have SMBHContemporaneous growth of SMBH & starsM- relation
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The formation and evolution of galaxies
is closely tied tothe growth of black holes~All galaxies have SMBHContemporaneous growth of SMBH & starsM- relation
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The formation and evolution of galaxies
is closely tied tothe growth of black holes~All galaxies have SMBHContemporaneous growth of SMBH & starsM- relation
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M- RelationBl
ack
Hole
Mas
s
Stellar Velocity Dispersion
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Effect of Black Hole on Galaxy
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Demographics of supermassive black holes
What we learned from multiwavelength surveys
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Deep surveys show mostaccretion is obscured
• GOODS, COSMOS, MUSYC, ECDFS, AGES, Lockman Hole, HDF-N/S, NDWFS, XBootes, XMM/LSS, …
• Hard X-rays penetrate obscuration• Energy re-radiated in infrared• High resolution optical separates
host galaxy, constrains redshifts
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GOODS
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Chandra
Spitzer
HSTXMM
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+60
+40
+20
0
20
40
60
ECDFS
GOODS-S UDF
SDSS1030
1256
HDF-S
“COSMOS”
“MUSYC”
GOODS-N HDF
not to scale
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HST ACS color image (0.3% of GOODS)
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HST+Spitzer color image (0.3% of GOODS)
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Treister, Urry & Virani 2009
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Survey Results Treister et al. …
• Most BH accretion obscured– Log N-Log S infrared, optical, X-ray, -ray– Fits AGN redshift distribution– Fits X-ray “background”
• Obscuration increases with redshift– NH, narrow lines, infrared selection
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Compton-thick & Heavily Obscured AGN
Ultra-Deep INTEGRAL SurveySwift BAT SurveyInfrared excess
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Ultra-Deep INTEGRAL Survey
Treister, Urry & Virani 2009, Virani et al. 2009
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3 Msec UDIS
Treister, Urry & Virani 2009, Virani et al. 2009
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NuSTAR
EXIST
Virani et al. 2009
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Compton-thick & Heavily Obscured AGN
Ultra-Deep INTEGRAL SurveySwift BAT SurveyInfrared excess
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Heavily obscured &higher redshift AGN
• Not detected in deep Chandra/XMM surveys (nearby AGN detected w INTEGRAL/Swift)• Infrared-bright (high & low redshift)• How to distinguish AGN from starbursts? (X-ray stacking)
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2 4 6 8
R K (Vega)
4
3
2
1
0
1
Log
F 24/F
R
Fiore et al. 2008, Treister et al. 2009b
Infrared-excess sources
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Daddi et al. 2007, Fiore et al. 2008
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24 m “normal” 24 m “excess”
X-Ray Stacked Spectra
Daddi et al. 2007
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Redshift
(Mp
c3 )
Treister et al. 2009b
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How do quasars form?Sanders et al. 1988 mergers ULIRGsULIRGs quasars
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Redshift
Obscured
/Unobscu
red Quas
ars
Obscured to Unobscured Quasar Ratio
Treister et al., submitted
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Obscured to Unobscured Quasar Ratio
Treister et al. submitted
X-ray selected
Redshift
Obscured
/Unobscu
red Quas
ars
Local ULIRGs
IR-selected
Treister et al., submitted
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The Interplay of Black Holes & Star Formation
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First scenario• Common trigger (e.g., merger)?• Star formation starts (delay?)• BH accretion delayed (angular momentum)• AGN turns on, heats ISM/IGM• Star formation turns off• Stars age from blue to red
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red
blue
bright faint
Galaxy Colors
red sequence
blue cloud
galaxies merging
stars aging
Schawinski et al. 2009
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red
blue
bright faint
Galaxy Colors
Schawinski et al. 2009
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red
blue
bright faintSchawinski et al. 2009
Galaxy Colors
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red
blue
bright faint
Galaxy Colors
Schawinski et al. 2009
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red
blue
bright faint
AGN avoid the blue cloud
Schawinski et al. 2009
Galaxy Colors
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Schawinski et al. 2009
red
blueyoung old
1 Gyr
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The Future of Deep SurveysWider areasDeep X-ray (NuSTAR)Far-infrared, submm (Herschel, ALMA)
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Survey Goals• Cosmic history of BH growth (Treister, Glikman, Virani)
– Herschel, NuSTAR deep surveys (COSMOS)– WFC3 imaging (to separate host and nucleus)
• Form of AGN energy injection – Narrow-band imaging of winds (SINFONI, Paulina Lira)– Absorption spectroscopy in rest-frame UV
• Phasing of AGN turn-on and SF turn-off (Schawinski)– Galaxy colors – Spectral signatures (better)
• Role of mergers (Schawinski)– Major vs. minor mergers (Galaxy Zoo, Cardamone)– Connection to cosmological simulations (Kyoungsoo Lee)
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Galaxy Morphology
“Galaxy Zoo”www.galaxyzoo.org
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Host Galaxy Morphologies
Disks
Spheroids
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u-r c
olor
Log Stellar Mass (Mo)9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
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AGN Duty Cycle
Log Stellar Mass (Mo)9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
u-r c
olor
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
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AGN Duty Cycle
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0 5 10 15
Time (Gyr) now Big Bang
Number of
obscured AGN
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0 5 10 15
Time (Gyr) now Big Bang
Number of
obscured AGN
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0 5 10 15
Time (Gyr) now Big Bang
Number of AGN
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0 5 10 15
Time (Gyr) now Big Bang
Number of AGN
t
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0 5 10 15
Time (Gyr) now Big Bang