MAKING SKY SAFER

SUBMITTED BYASHWANI KUMAR

EC 6th SEM

BLACK BOX(FLIGTH DATA RECORDER)

CONTENTS

Introduction to black box Working Testing of black box Retrieving Information Uses Beyond black box Conclusion References Queries

INTRODUCTION TO BLACK BOX

The Original black box(FDR) was designed by David warren.

In 1953 , warren came up with the idea of on board flight data recorder.

Australia become the first country to make flight data recorder mandatory in aircraft.

Black box have two unit :- Flight data recorder(FDR)• Cockpit voice recorder(CVR)

INTRODUCTION TO BLACK BOX

Magnetic tape recorder

Introduced in 1950’s

Can track about 100

parameter

Magnetic tape CVR’S store

Solid state recorder

Introduced in 1990’s

Can track more then 700 parameters in larger aircraft

Solid state recorder CVR’s

INTRODUCTION TO BLACK BOX

Magnetic tape recorder

the last 30 min. of sound

Solid state recorder

store the 2 hours of audio FDR have enough digital

storage space to store 25 hours of data

WHAT DOES FDR’S RECODE

Here are a few of the parameters recorded by most FDRs: Time Pressure altitude Airspeed Vertical acceleration Magnetic heading Control-column position Rudder-pedal position Control-wheel position Horizontal stabilizer Fuel flow

WHAT DOES CVR’S RECODE

Any sounds in the cockpit are picked up by these

microphones and sent to the CVR, where the recordings

are digitized and stored. There is also another device in

the cockpit, called the associated control unit, that

provides pre-amplification for audio going to the CVR.

WHAT DOES CVR’S RECODE

 Here are the positions of the four microphones: Pilot's headset.

Co-pilot’s headset.

Headset of a third crew member (if there is a third crew member).

Near the centre of the cockpit, where it can pick up audio alerts and other sounds.

WORKING The recording medium in the first flight recorder was steel wire, which stored

the crew voice data and instrument readings such as airspeed, altitude, engine speed and engine temperature.

It have UNDERWATER LOCATER BEACON(ULB). On the side of ULB there is submergence sensor which active ULB as soon as its touch's water surface.

ULB have a device called ‘PINGER’.

PINGER producers a pinging sound pulse at 37.5KHz and sound as deep as 14000 feet(4,267m) for 30 days.

WORKING On ground it can be easily seen due to its heat resistance bright red

red color.

TESTING (BUILT TO SURVIVE)

There are several tests that make up the crash-survival

sequence: Crash impact test

Pin drop test

Static crush test

Fire test

water submersion

Fluid immersion

TESTING (BUILT TO SURVIVE)

• Crash impact test :- Researchers shoot the CSMU down an air cannon to create an impact of 3,400 Gs.This impact force is equal to or in excess of what a recorder might experience in an actual crash.

• Pin drop test :-  To test the unit's penetration resistance, researchers drop a 500-pound (227-kg) weight with a 0.25-inch steel pin protruding from the bottom onto the CSMU from a height of 10 feet (3 m).

• Static crush test :- For five minutes, researchers apply 5,000 pounds per square-inch (psi) of crush force to each of the unit's six major axis points.

TESTING (BUILT TO SURVIVE)

Fire test :-  The unit sits inside the fire at 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit (1,100 C) for one hour. The FAA requires that all solid-state recorders be able to survive at least one hour at this temperature.

Water submersion :- The CSMU is placed into a pressurized tank of salt water for 24 hours. The CSMU must survive in a salt water tank for 30 days.

Fluid immersion :-Various CSMU components are placed into a variety of aviation fluids, including jet fuel, lubricants and fire-extinguisher chemicals

RETRIEVING INFORMATION

After finding the black boxes from the accident site  investigators take the recorders to a lab where they can download the data from the recorders and attempt to recreate the events of the accident.

Black-box manufacturers supply the NTSB with the readout systems and software needed to do a full analysis of the recorders' stored data.

RETRIEVING INFORMATION

This process can take weeks or months to complete.

USES

Retrieval come first.

Help in identify the reasons for a plane crash.

“Mistake are a great educator when one is honest enough admit them & willing to learn from them”

BEYOND BLACK BOX

Glass box Glass Box Transmits Flight recorder data continuously to a

monitoring system on the ground.

 Global ku-band (that is, microwaves at 12 to 18 gigahertz).

Current black box technology might continue, as a backup.

Glass Box Ground stations generally contain 220 bytes at a time in a package called a block Transmission rate—less than 2 kilobytes per second per aircraft.

GLASS BOX

Combined data - 6 megabytes per second. WiMax connection can download 1 or 2 MB/s, new 4G phone systems might go as high as 10 MB/s.

PROBLEMS WITH GLASS BOX

Lack of a uniform communication medium.

Switching among all these communication channels.

Reliability in widely varying conditions and circumstances.

CVR would go into on-board recorder(limited resource of bandwidth).

CONCLUSION

The point of the glass box is not to feed lawsuits but to enable professionals to learn from experience.

 The black box was good, in its time; the glass box is its logical successor.

Let’s pray for safe Journey. 

REFERENCES

  http://www.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/other-gadgets/black-box.htm http://spectrum.ieee.org/aerospace/aviation/beyond-the-black-box/0 http://news.discovery.com/tech/beyond-the-black-box.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_data_recorder http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_box http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unrecovered_flight_recorders http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Position_Indicating_Radio_Beacon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_logger http://anonymouse.org/cgi- bin/anon- www.cgi/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgTSO.nsf/0/e040550c3ab32300862572c200113975/$FILE/TSO-C124b.pdf http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_575000/575811.stm

QUERIES 

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