BISI Affordable Habitats

8/12/2019 BISI Affordable Habitats

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BISIAffordableHabitatsA HOLISTIC FRAMEWORK FOR POSITIVELOW COST RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT


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ContentsRESEARCH & DESIGN APPROACH DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . 3UNDERSTANDING AFFORDABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

HOUSING IN AUSTRALIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

A NEW DESIGN APPROACH TO AFFORDABLE HABITATS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

DESIGN PRECEDENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9BUILT ENVIRONMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

SOCIAL CAPITAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

CASE STUDY #1: AFFORDABLE HABITATS FOR SENIORS . . . . 18A SENIORS VILLAGE IN GOULBURN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

BISI FRAMEWORK DESIGN APPROACH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

CREATING CONNECTIONS WITH THE WIDER COMMUNITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

INTERNAL ACTIVATION THROUGH IMPROVED INFRAS TRUCTURE . . . . . . . . . . . 24

ACHIEVING INTEGRATION THROUGH WEBBING CLUSTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

A CLUSTER OF ACTIVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

SPACES TO GROW SOCIAL CAP ITAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

ADAPTABILITY OF LIVING UNITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

FLEXIBILITY OF INTERNAL MODULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

CASE STUDY #2: AFFORDABLE HABITATS FOR STUDENTS . . 36A STUDENT HABITAT AT MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

BISI FRAMEWORK DESIGN APPROACH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

CREATING CONNECTIONS WITH THE WIDER COMMUNITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

SITE PLANNING WITH BISI PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

STEMMING FROM THE SOCIAL SPINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

ADAPTABLE COMMUNAL SPACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

EVOLUTION OF THE GRID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

A FLEXIBLE WAY OF LIVING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

ENVISION STUDENT PARTNERSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55


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BRIEFThe progressive values of early Modernism led to great experiments in affordable

housing. Architects today are adopting the vision of their idealistic predecessors,

but learning from the mistakes of post World War II public projects.

There is growing insight that the best housing is integrated with social

services as well as connected to the urban fabric and the wider community.

Contemporary af fordable housing solutions should be designed to provide

better security and more light, common spaces, recreational amenities,

facilities for support services and spaces that foster wellness. They should

reach beyond their role of mere residential accommodation (housing), with a

broader scope of addressing inhabitants holistic wellbeing (habitats).

The brief for this ENVISION project was to explore how architecture

can provide affordable habitats that are low cost in construction while

maintaining high quality design, amenity and quality of life for inhabitants,

across a range of scenarios.

Research &Design Approach

Development

BISIAffordableHabitats

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Understanding AffordabilityAFFORDABLE HOUSING VS. HABITATS

the problem is that people do not demand houses; they demand

habitats. A house is an object; a habitat is a node in a multiplicity

of overlapping networks Ricardo Hausmann, 2013

Affordable housing typically refers to the bare minimum required to provide

shelter and services for low-income households. However, this research

seeks to holistically understand the issue within the concept of affordable

habitats, which acknowledges the endless range of factors that affect the

economic sustainability of not only the home, but the wider city fabric.

One of the most common failings of affordable housing is the disconnection

from supporting infrastructure, such as public transport, work, and

commercial services, which is a result of compromising proximity and quality

of life for affordability. This consequently deepens the stigmatisation of low-

income households by isolating them from society; negatively impactingthe diversity of inner-city residents. Therefore, one of the great challenges

is to seek a resolve between affordability and accessibility for low-income

households, and find some middle ground within the highly competitive

rental market.

URBAN HABITATSWith rapid population growth and the competition for space in cities, it

has become necessary to develop an unconventional approach to f inding

a variety of small-scale solutions that respond to specific low-income

households, as opposed to large and oversimplified blanket solutions with an

economic, dehumanised outlook.An exploration of the human scale in architecture can foster new and mutually

beneficial connections between different demographics, and demonstrate a

more positive way to form interdependent relationships in the city.

While the wealthy can afford to separate themselves from the masses, low-

income households are not afforded this luxury of space, and in a sense, are

not isolated by the trappings of money.

From this emerges the necessity for architectural design to alleviate the

pressure on primary living spaces with highly effective and engaging

secondary spaces; promoting community engagement in order to enrich the

individuals quality of life, and shift the affordable housing paradigm.


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APPROACH

TOPIC

CHALLE

NGES

OUTCOME

S

FRAMEW

ORK

Affordable Habitats

Integrated

Infrastructure NetworksBuilt Environment Social Capital

Social Perspective

Dehumanised, isolated &

compromised quality of life

Reactivation

Through iterative

architectural intervention

Economic Perspective

Destabilised market &

development cycles

Site-Specific Responses

For collective

demographic segments


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ECONOMICThe pragmatic essence of the affordability issue within Australia has risen

from the deteriorating economic market cycle, throughout the past two

decades.1

The term affordability is often defined as the proportionaterelationship between residual income and expenditures, which has lead to

inaccurate assumptions and the establishment of policies that are incapable

of responding to variables, such as market trends.

This significantly impacts the broader economical growth and development

in Australia, resulting in a disproportionate increase between housing

and rental prices, with average household incomes. While international

markets approach is based on the Ontario Measure; defining affordability as

households in the lowest 40%, investing 30% of the household income.2

The unbalanced level of supply and demand has destabilised the overall market,

limiting potential home ownership in Australia. Support of rapid central and de-

urbanised growth within major cities such as Sydney, has resulted in moderate

income households remaining in the rental market longer. In turn this forces

lower income households and key demographical segments (tradespeople,

medical professionals etc.) into public housing in distant communities. Economical

variables including increasing living and service expenses can have a further

negative impact, limiting moderate income households ability to save for

deposits in order to transition out of the rental market.3

Ineffective f inancially based government strategies have promoted higher

income households engaging in speculative investment which is primarily

due to negative gearing and capital gains tax incentives. Other government

strategies include the establishment of an affordable housing growth fund,

increased number of incentives under the National Affordability Scheme,

and an improved rental assistance system with set benchmarks for all

government levels. However without acknowledging affordable housings

broader integration with the private built environment sector, quantitative

analysis will be irrelevant in defining appropriate solutions; minimising further

market inflation and affordable housing availability.4

Housing in AustraliaBISIAffordableHabitats

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THE GREAT AUSTRALIAN DREAMIt is a belief that home ownership can lead to a better life and is an

expression of success and security. Statistically, Australians have upheld this

belief for over 60 years, showing a strong preference for a free-standinghouse on its own block of land.5These well located, detached, private

dwellings have become unattainably expensive for many. This creates a

cultural tension, forcing people to adjust their aspirations either away from

ownership, towards higher-density dwellings or both.

A shift towards rental and increased density is inevitable, with the global

growth of urban living and is not, in itself, harmful. However, while there

is an association between home ownership and quality of life, this shif t will

cause social tension.

Although detached home ownership has long been upheld as a worthy

goal, we question its value for the community as a whole, rather than the

individual. For those who can attain it, their is no doubt that it could be an

expression of success and security; an individual gain for the wealthy, at the

expense of the underprivileged.

To solve this affordability problem, we either need to continue urban sprawl

or take a new approach to centrally located, low-cost dwellings, where space

and privacy are sacrificed. As architects, we need to find design solutions that

transform problems into opportunities and are therefore asking the question:

Could decreased private space increase quality of life and the growth of

community for occupants, through the activation of shared spaces?

100

%

80

60

40

20

Owner Households by Dwelling Type (2009-10)

Source: ABS Data, Survey of Income and Housing

Separate House

Semi-detachedApartment


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A new design approach to affordable habitatsTHE BISI FRAMEWORKInforming a holistic framework of analysis regarding affordable habitats, the

preceding research thesis suggests a dynamic approach developed upon the

core social and economic perspectives. The examination of the destabilisedmarket and development cycles within Australia and the exploration of the

accepted dehumanised, isolated and comprised quality of living in af fordable

habitats collectively inform the BISI approach.

This approach outlines theintegration of the built environment,

infrastructural networks and social capitalwhich re-activates the

morphological fabric; applying iterative architectural interventions. In turn this

promotes sustainable growth and diversity within all demographical segments

through site specific affordable habitats for low-income households.

The BISI Framework is adaptable across the age & demographic spectrum.

Its multi-angled, adaptable approach enable bespoke design outcomes for

a wide variety of scenarios. The scope of this framework could arguably

extend beyond affordable habitats, to any facility designed with the purpose

of building community. This could span from residential developments to

large scale urban design projects.

BUILT ENVIRONMENTThe fabric of a the built elements within asite, considering how their arrangement,

form, use and construction methods

work to create effective habitats.

INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORKSThe social, economic and culturallayers of circulation within a space,

such as transport, buildings, streets,

gardens & plazas.

INTEGRATIONThe key to the success of this framework is its multi-angled approach, not

only considering each element in isolation, but paying careful attention to the

ways in which they intersect and interact.

SOCIAL CAPITALThe bonding and bridging spaceswhich initiate and maintain connections

between the demographical segments

of a specific site.


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PRECEDENTS FOR THE BISI FRAMEWORKThe following pages provide an collection of existing thinking and casestudies in socially activated spaces, that contribute to the BISI Framework

as a design approach for affordable housing. The research explores a wide

range of ideas for providing effective affordable habitats in an urban context.

DesignPrecedents


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Built Environment

The way things are built and what they

are built with reflects the aspirations of the

households Dr. David OBrien, 2013

Sleeping Pods (2012), Sibling Nation

Studentboende: Student Unit (2013), TengbomPhotographer: Bertil Hertzberg

Exploring the arrangement, form, use and construction methods of the Built

Environment, allows us to determine methods of increasing amenity while

decreasing construction costs. With an analysis of the essential requirements

of affordable habitats, followed by smart thinking in architectural planning

we begin to unlock methods for increasing quality of life and the growth of

community for occupants, through the activation of shared spaces, while

decreasing the required amount of private space.

PARASITIC URBANISMFrom this discussion, ideas of insurgent or parasitic urbanism begin to

emerge in the search for affordable living systems in an urban context.

These dwellings can be inserted into existing networks, exploiting space and

energy that may otherwise be wasted or neglected.

The demand for af fordable inner-city housing is a pressing global concern,

and from the multitudes of clever ideas emerging in response to the

challenge, the following are examples of typologies that could be applied

to underused areas in the city of Sydney to increase diversity and promote

symbiotic relationships between various households.

DONT BUILD & GO SMALLAlastair Parvin suggests a Dont Build approach, which means seeking

alternative strategy-based, logical solutions to design problems by looking

for the answer within the existing built environment to avoid a built solution.6

Parvin also advocates a Go Small approach to overcome the tendency to

define form through finance, with blanket solutions to complex problems

leading to oversimplified and ineffective large-scale developments.7Design

should rather be focused at a smaller scale, creating effective solutions to

meet more specific individual projects.


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PRE-EXISTING STRUCTURESPre-existing structures, like industrial warehouses, are increasingly hard to

come by as they grow in popularity as investment properties for eventual

conversion. Sibling Nations project, Sleeping Pods, of fers an example of

how these spaces could be used in the meantime, potentially appealing to

the owner with an opportunity for extra income while essentially leaving

the space in its original state.8These low-cost timber constructions clad

with plywood give students the freedom to customise their personal space.

Several can occupy one industrial warehouse space, creating a communal

living environment.

Similar to the use of secondary space in granny flats, garages offer great

potential for affordable housing, as seen in Levitt Bernsteins proposal

to turn disused parking garages in London into flexible homes.9The

prefabricated structures are inserted into garage spaces, making them

immediately habitable. This kind of prefabricated typology could also be

sited in underused residential garages, and furthermore be paired with social

incentives to reduce car use/ownership.

ROOFTOPSAtop the urban landscape of the city is yet another landscape rooftops.

Projects like Brooklyn-based artist Thomas Stevensons temporary

rooftop encampments demonstrate a different way of using rooftops and

experiencing the city.10Participants continue to go about their lives outside

of home as normal, but instead spend domestic hours in the city outdoors,

disconnected from electricity and internet, but connecting with new people

and experiences. This idea of detached living of fers potential strategies

for affordable housing that could provide shared amenities (such askitchens and study spaces) separate from the most essential spaces for the

demographic in question; essentially creating an open network that fosters

interconnectivity and socialisation.

BACKYARDSGranny flats have been targeted in government housing schemes that

encourage home owners to support affordable rental housing by creating a

self-contained extension, either attached to or separate from the house. This

could potentially merge with the trend in prefabricated housing modules,

enabling low-income households, such as students, to inhabit underused

backyard spaces while providing the household with rental income and

potentially improving the backyard environment.

AIRSPACEThis considers less obvious opportunities for architectural add-ons, such as

the interstitial space between houses, residential building faades, and so on.

An excellent example is Stefan Eberstadts, Rucksack House, an additional

room that can be suspended from the facade of a residential building by steel

cables, and transported when the owners move.11

Keret House by Jakub Szczesny is an extreme example of how the

empty space between two buildings can be exploited.12Despite the sense

of claustrophobia in the incredibly narrow living spaces, the design is

nonetheless inspiring in the way it scavenges unused space.

Temporary Roof Encampments (2013), Thomas Stevenson

Rucksack House (2004), Stefan Eberstadt


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Before + After: New York Urban Transformation (2010)

Built Environment

URBAN DESIGNSTREETS + LANEWAYSThe thoughtful design of secondary public spaces is critical to promoting a

positive social environment, which is how the urban transformation of RMIT

Universitys city campus helped shed its likeness to a fortress, redefining the

way in which it engaged with the broader city.13

Using a strategic framework,the project was redefined by a new material vocabulary, using planting and

street furniture to transform the original cacophony of cluttered streets,

laneways and hidden courts into a pedestrian friendly network of continuous

open spaces, transforming underused service roads and streets into an

open series of plazas to form a social spine throughout the campus, utilising

smaller laneways as more private courtyards.

LANDSCAPEJanette Sadik-Khan, transportation commissioner of New York City, has

worked on projects that have reshaped street life across the five boroughs,

such as pedestrian zones, high-performance buses, and bike sharing.14

Instead of waiting for intensive, long-ranging urban planning processes to

be completed, these projects boldly take action in a short time frame using

inexpensive and temporary materials, like paint, epoxy gravel, and chairs for

rapid testing of the public response, and adaptive iteration. Public space has

furthermore increased by 26 hectares across New York by projects targeting

underutilised roads and converting them into pedestrian zones, which has in

turn improved local business and reduced traffic-related injury.

EARTHSCAPINGGiven the strict development guidelines of some cities, building up may not

be feasible. BKNR explores building underground inverting the notion of

skyscrapers.15

A central void renders the earthscrapers habitable with access tonatural light and ventilation whilst maintaining the urban fabric on the datum.

This solution affords density without impacting heavily on the activities that take

place on the city square above.

Affordability costs that are just access costs

at the point of entry are important, but in

the end, they are not the most important

thing. The lifestyle costing is actually very

important. Dr Judith Yates, 2013

RMIT Campus Urban Spaces (2006)


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CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUESMODULAR PREFABRICATED STRUCTURESPrefabrication refers to any part of a building that has been fabricated at a

place other than its final location. The application of modular thinking ensures

flexibility and adaptability of the built form to generate diverse, cost efficient

building solutions. Working with this approach allows varied outcomes, from

webbing clusters to grid configurations, that are site specific, site responsive

and address the whole of life of the built form.

Benefits of modular fabrication of buildings are reduced cost, improved

delivery time and an increase in quality.

Consistent utilisation of a module design can reduce cost. Cost efficiencies

are achieved by core components or elements being replicated to reduce

redundant development costs. The replication of similar components also

improves quality. A predetermined quality can be achieved in a factorycontrolled process, and the indoor environment means buildings and

components are protected from climate extremes and vandalism.

The off-site fabrication process which takes place in a factory, in parallel

to site preparation activities can reduce the overall construction period of

a project significantly. On a time is money basis many modular buildings

can be completed in less than 50% of the time taken for traditional building

construction.

The value equation is consequently improved by faster time to occupation

can generate income for clients earlier and lead to lower site overheads due

to less time on site.

The improvement in time to occupation is improved certainty. There is

greater cost certainty due to minimal weather delays, plus there is an earlier

design freeze due to requirements of the manufacturing process.

JAJA +ONV social and affordable housing proposal, explores the potential

of prefabricated modular design in developing flexible and diverse building

solutions. Utilising a central core for technical installations each individual

module is able to be arranged horizontally and vertically as either a detached

or high density building. Forming socially sustainable habitats of effective

demographical diversity; while maintaining fixed low price individuality,

achieved by multiple variations in facade treatment, niches and roof design.16

GO AMATEURAlastair Parvin further suggests a Go Amateur approach in which the

design and production team becomes the entire population. Inspired by

the worlds most rapidly developing cities or slums; the approach utilises

emerging technologies including 3d printing and CNC production to

standardise the initial construction phase. This allows contextually specific

infrastructure and details such as insulation, waste management and

electrical systems to be applied individually at a later stage.17

Times Square closed from vehicular use (2013)

JAJA + ONV Proposal (2013)

Modular Development (2013) NBRS+PARTNERS

Cit A Docks Student Housing (2010), Cattani Architects


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Infrastructure Networks

Infrastructure Networks refer to the hierarchy of circulation pathways

from an urban to building scale. These circulations paths give emphasis

to the human scale, promoting people-centric transport such as walking

and cycling. Effective infrastructure networks are critical for establishing

activated communities.

INTEGRATED AND MORPHOLOGICAL NETWORKSMorphological analysis interprets regional and urban fabrics as humanhabitats. These multi- layered infrastructural systems have social, economic

and cultural inf luence.

Infrastructural components can be defined synthetically (through the

simplified grouping of components) or organically (interpreting components

as a layered structure connected via hierarchical pathways). Defined

pathways allow a more dynamic integration of individual elements,

subsequently defining more permeable fabrics which begin to explore the

theory of walkable networks.18

Ricardo Hausmanns studies interconnect affordable habitat design with

the integration of physical (power, water, sanitation, roads etc.), economic

(labour markets, distribution, retail markets etc.) and social (education,

health, security etc.) infrastructure networks.

Based on variations in affordable housing requirements, Hausmanns approach

suggests a series of incomplete, overlapping networks.19 The interdependent

networks operate in combination. Their complementary coexistence promotes

the sustainable development of affordable infrastructure, resulting in concepts

such as the 20 minute neighbourhood model.

ACTIVE TRANSPORTATIONActive modes of transport include public services, walking and cycling.Proposing a broad planning strategy in which active modes of transport

are considered primary allows the subsequent location of services to be

positioned accordingly within a 20 minute radius of travel.

The individual functionality, scale and density of services are analysed with

regard to the contextual fabric. Identifying which services may exist beyond

the standard radius, such as schools in which the level of functionality is

directly dependent upon the immediate population density.20

Equality throughout all demographical segments is essential however in

the effective integration of an active transportation infrastructure system.

Enrique Penalosa examines the establishment of equality through walkable

infrastructures, identifying potential spatial and social opportunities.

Minimising vehicular densities and prioritising public buses, cyclists and

pedestrians; he develops an overall sustainable framework which addresses

equally the individual demographical requirements of the population.21

A hierarchy of circulation pathways,

from an urban to building scale.

Transbay Transit Center (2013), Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects


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Applications within existing high density fabrics include the Transbay Transit

Center of San Franciscos regional Bay area; incorporating an innovative and

sustainable 5.4 acre rooftop park, anchoring the growth of the newly defined

mixed-use neighbourhood. By utilising an undulating wall floating above the

street, a variety of ecologies are created as both passive and active spatialopportunities energises the surrounding context.22

WALK-ABILITYInterconnecting the industrial Meat Packing, artistic West Chelsea and

infrastructural Clinton districts of the west side of Manhattan; the High Line

project explores similar spatial activation. A private non-profit partnership

with New York Citys department of parks and recreation; the scheme

engages a diversity of demographical segments.23The scheme attempts

to facilitate an elevated pedestrian walkway and thoroughfare through

numerous specific experiences and cultural expressions.

Exploring further the integration of walkable infrastructure networks within

broad contexts, Jeff Speck suggests the importance of developing people-

centric rather than vehicular-centric habitats. Suggesting sustainable and

affordable habitats which minimise the percentage of a households income

dedicated to transportation services. Utilising broad contextual planning and

the physical built environment to dictate the manner in which people socially

and functionally integrate and engage.24

EMERGING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONSProviding cultural respite to the historic trolley terminal of New Yorks lower

east side, innovative solar technologies including glass shield paraboliccollectors have been exploited in illuminating otherwise derelict voids

beneath the city. Juxtaposing the historical origins with newly developed

and innovative green spaces; transforming dense urban environments into

culturally dynamic spaces.25

Attempting further to actively engage individuals and small commercial

developments with the theory of walk-ability and energy conservation, the

incorporation of sensor blankets has been explored in monitoring diverse

infrastructural variables. Variables which include street lighting, garbage

levels and wind speed intensity etc. Leading to the development of responses

which including dimming street lighting when pedestrian density is limited,

minimising garbage collection cycles based on levels, and monitoringwind intensity levels for the possible locations of small scale wind turbines.

Individuals are engaged through personal investment strategies, receiving

investment returns and other incentives for reduced energy consumption.26

New York City, The Low Line Proposal (2013) Lowline

New York City, The High Line (2013)

New York City, The High Line (2013)


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Social Capital

Social spaces are an important aspect of affordable habitats. These spaces

provide the essential services and facilities that support a households basic

living costs from food to recreational activities.27

Through the examination of the increasingly popular community grass roots

programs, many of these spaces reflect James Kunstlers aspiration to shif t

our identities from consumers to citizens;28often af fording services and

facilities that have minimal or no cost. These spaces include urban sharingspaces and recreational spaces.

URBAN SHARING SPACESUrban sharing spaces promote a collective consciousness that give

individuals and groups the opportunity to invest their time, skills or

resources.29

Community gardens are the most prominent application of this type of

space. Apart from alleviating households grocery expenses on fruits and

vegetables; community gardens bring together people with a common

interest and encourage healthy living. Taking the Pop Up Patch as an

example, the garden is easily accessed as it sits on an unused car park

rooftop adjacent to a public transport hub in the heart of Melbourne.30The

garden provides households a space, seeds, seedlings, tools and water

to grow an edible garden. Besides gardening, the space is also a place

for gathering - to share skills and admire the achievement of others. This

concept of community gardens vary in scale, taking the form of footpath

gardens like the Chippendale Street Gardens or fruit fences in San Francisco.

Another type of urban sharing space utilises existing public amenities such

as cafs. Located within these spaces are installations that allow citizens to

populate, donate, rent or share their resources and knowledge to others.

Examples of these installations include seed-sharing stations andendorsements for peer-to-peer tool libraries.31Seed-sharing stations welcome

cafe-regulars or visitors to exchange seeds and information on growing fruits

and vegetables. Peer-to-peer tool libraries on the other hand, facilitate the

borrowing of power tools that are rarely used. Both these initiatives lessen the

costs spent on groceries and maintenance or additions to dwellings.

Overall, these urban sharing spaces embody the potential for the sense of

community to grow organically whilst evoking the image of your neighbour not

only casually lending you his tools to build a tree house but also joining in the fun.

The way youre going to change society

is through telling them a different story.

So what we can begin to do is to tell a

different story about the capacity of a

neighbourhood; about developing peoplesself stories and help push away the medias

negative stories about an area. Jon Owen, 2013

Pop-Up Patch (2013)

Play Me Im Yours (2009), Luke Jerram

City Softwalks (2013), Softwalks

Chippendale Street Gardens (2011)


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RECREATIONAL SPACESRecreational spaces are people-focused spaces that provide the option

to connect with others or to mould the space to suit ones needs. Despite

having defined boundaries, these spaces introduce a level of disorder thatminimise rules for social engagement.32Consequently, these spaces have

several components varying from furniture to the integration of technology.

Pop-up street furniture is a new trend that reclaims underutilised streets

and laneways as recreational spaces. This trend encourages place-making

creating more inclusive and liveable shared spaces. City Softwalks for

example, transforms sidewalks into enjoyable spaces by attaching chairs,

counters, planters, light reflectors and screens to scaffolding. This project,

seemingly temporary, transforms commuting as a place of pause. These

spaces afford households easily accessible and affordable open areas to sit

and relax.33

An important component of recreational spaces is art installations. Similar

to pop-up street furniture, art installations also encourage place-making;

however, they carry the potential to serve as information centres and places

for interaction. Windswept is an art installation that serves both as art and

information. The sculpture captures invisible wind patterns using an array

of arrows mounted on a panel to display the complex interaction between

wind and buildings.34On a similar note, Forgotten Songs imparts historical

information of birds which ones inhabited Central Sydney. Contrastingly, the

Play Me, Im Yours installation ensures interaction in public spaces by inviting

passers-by to play pianos that are installed in streets, parks, train stations

and markets.35This concept of art installations breathe life into recreational

spaces and provide households free entertainment.

The integration of technology in recreational spaces acknowledges that

interaction is multi-faceted. These spaces demonstrate the influence of

the immaterial on physical experience. The Field explores this notion

through dispersed infrastructure elements that form a borderless pavilion.36

Depending on the distance between the elements; they are either rendered

as street furniture, communication hubs or energy stores servicing the

individual or the collective. The multi-purpose nature of these elements,

show that integrated spaces play a vital role in reducing the cost of

technologies and energy for households.

Forgotten Songs, Sydney (2011), Michael Thomas Hill

The Field (2013), Microcities


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Case Study #1:Affordable Habitats

for Seniors


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A Seniors Village in GoulburnCHALLENGES + OPPORTUNITIESThere are several challenges in accommodating Seniors. These include

isolation, as they may have moved or lost a spouse, a loss of independence

due to poor health and the loss of normal income.

As they are of ten unable to drive themselves or travel large distances,

good internal infrastructure and facilities within the village are crucial. Most

important is for a strong sense community to be supported within the

village. Residents need spaces, not only to live, but to gather and undertake

activities together.

When creating a residential habitat for seniors, however, their visitors also need

to be considered. Facilities should accommodate gatherings of a variety of sizes,

catering to a range of demographics while maintaining access for the elderly.

The aim is to create an affordable environment that fosters independence

and dignity. With this in mind, spaces need the ability to be personalised andsupport independent living for those with declining physical mobility.


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BUILT ENVIRONMENT

MODULARCLUSTERSExploring the activation of the immediate

and broader contextual fabric, the

built environment is defined by an

incremental cluster growth model of

planning. A model which fosters multi-

layered networks of interconnectivity

and socialisation, allowing individual

clusters to be self-supported during

initial stages of development, while

continually supporting and further

enhancing spaces of collectiveconsciousness. Further defined from

an economic standpoint, specifically at

a macro level a standardised modular

approach is utilised in order to promote

demographical adaptability over time.

While promoting at a more micro level

a similar strategy through the inclusion

of adaptable internal installations which

promote future sustainability.

INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORKS

PEOPLE-CENTRICDeveloped as series hierarchical

pathways, this scheme promotes

the integration of layered circulation

networks. Based upon site specific

morphological analysis a people rather

than vehicular centric network structure

is implemented, creating a series green

pedestrian pathways. Overall site design

is informed through the dissection of

these hierarchical networks and applying

them directly to specific variablessuch as site contours. Utilising active

transportation networks to promote

broader contextual equality which leads

to the further development of social

spaces. Essentially restoring contextual

connections, reactivating otherwise

isolated demographical sectors and

communities.

SOCIAL CAPITAL

ACTIVATIONSocial capital is achieved within

the scheme through a collective

consciousness regarding the multi faceted

layering of interactions. Interactions

which attempt at a micro level to foster

community between individuals within

clusters and further between overall

clusters and subregions. While at a

macro level attempting to remove the

perceived state of segregation between

otherwise isolated communities withinthe broader context. Allowing the site

to act as a catalyst of activation for

the current and continually developing

surrounding context. Identifying social

capital as the value individuals provide to

spatial opportunities, rather than simply

social spaces themselves and their

integration within the broader context.

BISI Framework Design ApproachBISIAffordableHabitats

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ClintonStreet

GilmoreStreet

0 20m 40m 60m


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N

Creating connections with the wider communityWORKING WITHIN THE FABRICOF SITE & CONTEXTFostering multi-layered networks of interconnectivity and socialisation, this

scheme is centred on the activation of the surrounding context. The scheme

focuses on the development of people-centric networks; creating a hierarchy

of circulation pathways. These pathways promote social capital in an attempt

to redefine otherwise isolated and segregated communities.

URBAN CONTEXTUAL GRIDThe underlying infrastructure of the site integrates

with the block grid fabric of greater Goulburn. The

introduction of the grid within the site ensures

the senior af fordable habitat seamlessly develops

with the wider community and is inclusive of the

households and activities of its broader context.

NEIGHBOURHOOD CONNECTIONTo gradually activate the site, the grid introduced

establishes immediate connections to neighbourhoods

around the site. These connections welcome the

surrounding communities and help households withinthe site explore beyond their community.


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INTERPLAY OF INFRASTRUCTURE WITH SITE

Vehicular MovementThe y-axis connects with residential

development to the north and enhances

connectivity of aged care facilities such

as the coffee shop, pool, library, and asa whole, makes the site more welcoming

to families. The east entry on the x-axis

offers another point that increases a

residential connection.

Pedestrian grid overlayNormalising the irregularity of roads

by re-establishing a sense of grid and

connecting to the rhythm of surrounding

residential planning. Paths integratewith topography to promote ease of

pedestrian movement across site,

creating a natural flow between nodes of

activity and drawing new and previous

ILU tenants to a central point of activity.

Adjacent residential areas

Urban grid

Paths flowing with contours


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Internal activation through improved infrastructureCREATING CONNECTIONS THROUGH LAYEREDINFRASTRUCTURE NETWORKSThe infrastructure networks introduced within this site follow a hierarchy of

pathways and introduced a people centric system. This connects back to the

BISI principle of evoking and embodying the human scale.

EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORKSThe existing roads prioritise vehicular modes of transport and

irregular in form, in comparison with the sites context, which

increases isolation.

CONDENSED SERVICE ROADSThe condensed service roads are solely dedicated to vehicular

access and are supported by the new Green Roads, for internal

community circulation.

GREEN ROAD CONVERSIONThe introduction of Green Roads, which prioritise walking and

ambulant means of transport, encourage activity. This support of

human engagement is beneficial for wellbeing from both a health

and social perspective.

NEW NETWORK OF PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYSThe grid formation of the pedestrian walkways echoes that ofthe context, providing integration with the wider community. This

human-scaled network of pathways makes it easy for community

members to interact.


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CONNECTING SOCIAL SPACESThe service roads cut through the slope of the site while

the green roads flow parallel with the contours. The pace

of the green roads reflect the flow of social capital spaceswithin the site. It encourages the households to interact

with each other as they progress through the site.

CONNECTING BUILT ELEMENTSIndependent Living Units (ILUs), that would otherwise

be isolated, are connected by the network of pedestrian

pathways throughout the site. This allows equal and

direct access to communal facilities and between units.

ILUs with pathway frontage

ILUs

Open recreational area + shaded pavilion


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Achieving integration through webbing clusters

INDEPENDENT LIVING UNIT CLUSTERS

CENTRED AROUND SMALL SOCIAL SPACES

CONNECTED TO LARGER SOCIAL SPACES

BRANCHING FROM THE COMMUNITY HEART

The ILUs are arranged in clusters,

forming micro-communities within the

larger context of the village and wider

community. The units are inward

facing, to direct residents towardssocial and interdependent relationships

with their immediate neighbours.

Each cluster of units is centred

around a shared space, composed

of edible gardens and a shaded

barbecue area. Each ILU has equal

access to the outdoor social space,

encouraging a shared sense ofownership & responsibility.

Scattered throughout the site are

open recreational areas and shaded

pavilions for larger social gatherings.

Key to the success of all social

spaces throughout the site are their

central location, which allows equal

access for all residents.

Located in the centre of the site are

community facilities, including a

cafe, retail outlets and community

rooms for social and recreational

activities. In keeping with the

configuration of the site, the location

of these facilities directs residentstowards each other, to grow their

sense of community and belonging.

A MULTI-LAYERED WEBBING FORMATIONThe cluster formations formed across the site utilises an incremental growth

model of planning. The clusters of modular units formulate a solution that is

adaptable over time. The webbing spans the entire site at various scales, fromthe micro cluster formations of the living units, to the macro connection of

each social group to the central community facilities at the heart of the site.


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NODE + WEB CLUSTERSThe social capital spaces create nodes along the service

and green roads. These nodes alleviate the pressure

on the clusters of independent living units, allowing forlarger gathering spaces.

Within the independent living unit (ILU) cluster, edible

gardens and BBQ areas act as the social capital space.

These spaces then branches out to shaded pavilions

servicing clusters of ILUs. These shaded pavilions makes

a broader connection to the community and retail centre,

towards the heart of the site.


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A cluster of activity

INTEGRATION AT MICRO SCALEThe apparent paradox of this exploration was to decreased private space

while increasing the quality of life and the growth of community for residents.

But how can less result in more?

The design of this Seniors Living village utilises the redistribution of space,

rather than the reduction of space. Less space is dedicated to private zones,while more is allowed for communal use.

Each cluster of units is centred around a shared space, composed of edible

gardens and a shaded barbecue area. By design, residents are encouraged

to spend time outdoors, engage with their surroundings, explore their

interests, undertake low impact exercise and spend time with neighbours, as

well as family and friends visiting from further afield.

The circulatory Infrastructure networks support fluid movement throughout

the site and prevent isolation. They allow residents to move easily and

directly within and between clusters, while providing equal access to shared

social spaces.

The implications this design would have for Social Capital growth are

undeniable. The equal distribution of units prevents discord arising from

inequality of access and inclusion. Shared spaces are promoted as positive

space, rather than an encroachment on privacy, encouraging residents to be

active citizens, rather than individuals.

In this case study, we have designed a built environment that supports the

growth of true community; a community that functions as a body, where

each member has a unique part to play and the stronger members support

the weaker members.


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0 2m 4m 6m

Pedestrian Walkways

Green Roads

Shaded Pavilion

Independent Living Units


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Spaces to grow social capitalACTIVE LIVING, TOGETHERThese spaces encourage activity, to make living in the community as seniors

a vibrant experience, rather than a depressing waiting game. The spaces

provide a reason for residents to leave their private units and spend timetogether. The edible gardens provide fresh food good while leveraging the

powerful bonding mechanism of shared experiences.

With shared use also comes shared responsibility. All adjacent residents can

benefit from the facilities, regardless of their personal capacity to maintain

the spaces, contributing in whatever way they can.

Shared gardens & BBQ areas

SMALL SOCIAL SPACESEdible gardens and a shaded barbecue area


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HEALTH BENEFITSOutdoor spaces also have significant health benefits for the elderly and are

essential inclusions in preventative health care. Natural settings have been

shown to improve attention and reduce stress.

Long-suffering dementia and Alzheimers patients are known to have

decreased symptoms following time in gardens or being exposed to

horticultural therapy.37For survivors of stroke, walking will increase both the

quality of life and return to functional recovery.38

Shaded Pavilion

LARGER SOCIAL SPACESOpen recreational areas and shaded pavilions


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Adaptability of living units

Single ILU with private deck off bedroom.

Flexible spare room can be used as study,

lounge or guest/carer bedroom.

Single ILU with larger main bedroom instead of

deck. Additional indoor space allows for up to

three occupants comfortably.

1 BED 2 BEDS

FLEX ZONES ALLOW EASY RECONFIGURATIONThe use of manufactured building components reduces lifetime cost. These

savings help to offset the investment in social infrastructure.

The primary areas within each unit remain the same, while peripheral Flex

Zones allow the units to be reconfigured and even joined, at minimal cost

and effort. This means the units can evolve over time as the needs of their

occupants change.

0 1m 2m 3mFLEX ZONES


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Two single ILUs may be combined to provide a range of living options

for future occupants, such as converting the private deck into a second

spacious bedroom, retaining the additional living room, while the

complementary living unit becomes a fully contained studio.

3 BEDS+


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Flexibility of internal modulesPERSONALISING THE SPACEThe ability to personalise the space in which you live allows a sense

of ownership over it. A challenge facing senior residents, especially in

affordable housing situations, is the desire to make a space their own but theinability to do so. The modular interior fittings within the units allow them the

space to be easily change as new residents move into the space, or even as

the needs of ongoing residents evolve. Their flexibility enables the space to

work hard in meeting the needs of its occupants.


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Case Study #2:Affordable Habitats

for Students


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A Student Habitat at Macquarie UniversityCHALLENGES + OPPORTUNITIESDeveloping an affordable accommodation solution for students is

challenging for a range of reasons. Universitys capital budgets are

constrained, access to usable land immediately adjacent to campus is limitedand costly combined with students inherently limited ability to meet and pay

market value for rental property.

Typical student housing therefore rarely optimized. Students are often

subjected to poor quality affordable housing solutions that on many levels do

not support the ethos and brand values of the university.

Coupled with the issues of affordability students are struggling socially as many

have moved away from family and friends, perhaps also confronted with the

challenges of moving country. Their social infrastructure is weak and isolating.

With limited access to vehicles and a heavy reliance on poor public transport

services these students suffer further isolation due to their inability to accessretail centres and entertainment areas.

The solution for universities is to develop a low cost, high yield housing

solution for the benefit of students. These accommodation solutions need

to be designed in a manner that builds connectivity to foster relationships to

help students avoid isolation.


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BUILT ENVIRONMENT

MODULAR GRIDResponding to the economic

perspective of affordable habitats,

the utilisation of modular design

has allowed for the exploration

of adaptability. Standardising

accommodation and bathroom

modules supported by a more rigid

service cores and floor plates allows

planning to be reconf igured over

time. The overall building envelope

is defined by a central social spinethat extends beyond the physical

confines of the site in an attempt

to foster an interface between the

students, early childhood health

centre and broader context. Activated

by the incorporation of elements

including a caf and general store,

the spine allows for the development

of sustainable interactions which

promotes overall social capital.

INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORKS

SOCIAL SPINEDefined by the social spine, the overall

circulation network is formed as a

multi-layered progression attempting to

restore connections between otherwise

isolated and disconnected individuals

and communities. This is explored at a

micro level throughout each individual

building by dividing and offsetting f loor

plates, while at macro level through

the staggering of overall building forms

across the sites natural contours.Morphological analysis of the immediate

and broader context regarding

transportation, economic (i.e. retail)

and social (i.e. entertainment) networks

directly informs the overall site response,

specifically considering the relative

proximity to Macquarie University and

appropriate transportation networks to

define points of access at all levels, from

the overall site to the individual buildings.

SOCIAL CAPITAL

PERMEABLESocial capital is developed throughout

the scheme as a series of overlapping

and multifaceted networks of interaction.

Explored initially at a micro level through

the blurring of public and private spaces,

these interactions are explored further

through the utilisation of central atriums

and a continuous circulation network,

which allows student clusters over

multiple floors to engage with one

another. Effective programmatic planningmaintains the essence of public and

private within these permeable spaces,

fostering community while respecting the

individual. At a macro level, interactions

between buildings are fostered through

visual and physical connections, which

are enhanced by the social spine and its

relationship to the broader context.

BISI Framework Design ApproachBISIAffordableHabitats

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Creating connections with the wider community

Student Habitat Site

Existing Student Housing

20 minute walking radius

Macquarie University

Macquarie Shopping Centre

SITE LOCATION

KEY PRECINCTS


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Active Transport

(walking/cycling)

Cafe/Dining

Church

Bus (to City Town Hall,

Ryde, Hurstville)

Library/Museum/Gallery

Rail (Epping - Chatswood)

Macquarie Shopping Centre

TRANSPORT

CULTURE +COMMUNITY


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Site planning with BISI principles

North-facing

Annual mean afternoon prevailing winds

Annual mean morning prevailing winds

CONSIDERING CLIMATEBuildings oriented to provide northern sun to two faades and the internal

atrium of each student accommodation.


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42.07m

81.87

m

RL +3.5 +

RL +3.0 +

RL +3.0+

RL +0.5 +

RL +0+

RL +0+

91.22

m

13.97m

17.59m

TO LANE COVE

NATIONAL PARK

TO MACQUARIE

UNIVERSITY VILLAGE

TO MACQUARIE

UNIVERSITY CAMPUS

View corridors to Trafalgar Reserve, Waterloo

Park and Trafalgar Square

Axes representing pedestrian and cycling

circulation within site

CONSIDERING LEVELS & AXESThe longer axis opens up towards the Lane Cove National Park and

Macquarie University Village. It acts as a direct connection to other student

bodies within on campus accommodations and access to open recreationalspaces towards the north.

The shorter axis provides access to the immediate park and an alternative

pedestrian and cycling route to Macquarie University.


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CREATING A SOCIAL SPINEThe development of social capital is created by clear planning principals. This

student habitat focused on developing a central spine or node flanked by universal

spaces to which students are drawn to for exercise socializing. This social spinecompliments the communal spaces around the atrium within the each building.

The social spine invites students to connect, engage and participate.

Site planning with BISI principles

Social Spine + connection to wider context

Early Childhood Health Centre (ECHC)

Student Accommodation

Social Capital spaces


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MIXED-USE

LIVIN

G+ECHC

ENTR

ANCE

ATRIUM

EXTE

RNAL

SHAR

ED

INTE

RNA

LCIRCULATION

Student Bed/Bath Pods Central Atrium Adaptable communal spaces

Cafe, media hub, meeting roomsEarly Childhood Health Centre

Ground floor entry points Ground floor connection atrium Internal circulation cores

Inter-level circulation


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Stemming from the Social Spine

FOSTERING INTER-PERSONAL CONNECTIONSAdaptable social areas are created by

reclaiming the spaces in-between

buildings. These spaces are described by

pop-up street furniture, placement of public

art, changes in form and textures. These

spaces encourage students to connect.

S


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ADAPTABLE SOCIAL SPACES


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0 1m 2m 3m

Adaptable communal spacesSOCIAL SPACES THAT MOVE WITH LIFEWithin the student habitats is a central atrium with a range of highly visible

flexible social spaces that can be adapted to meet different modes. A kitchen

and dining area through the movement of an operable wall can become afestive gathering space or an area to spread out the books during examination

times. The configuration of spaces is driven by the students to meet the

everyday needs of their lifestyle, it is a personalised space


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HABITAB

LECORR

IDORS

INTIMAT

ESTUDY/

SOCIALS

PACE

COMMUNALSPACE

FESTIVEMODE

COMMUNALSPACE

STUDYMODE


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3

3

x

Grid of economically planned bedroom modules

Inserting shared bathrooms into flexible bedroom grid

Shifting bedroom modules to optimise space and create

private hallways

Central atriums increase solar access + visual permeability

between floors

Split floor plate and vertical circulation cores either side of atrium

Evolution of the gridAN ADAPTABLE FLOORPLATETo increase the ef ficiency of the building for

the student habitat a modular f loor plate has

been designed. The concept utilises a range ofstandardized configurable components to simply the

plan and construction. Many of the components

within the adaptable f loor plate are interchangeable

and upgradable. This approach offers a highly

efficient and productive standardised floor plate.

4 Bed Module

3 Bed Module

2 Bed Module

WC

Studio Module

Laundry

Public Program


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x 25100 BEDS

6 BEDS

20 BEDS

4 BEDS

TOTAL 130 BEDS

4 BED CONFIGURATION

3 BED CONFIGURATION

2 BED CONFIGURATION

STUDIO CONFIGURATION

x 2

x 10

x 4

Featuring a common bathroom with two washbasins and stalls separating the toilet and

shower, maintaining privacy but also promoting effective shared use.

Formed by subtracting a bedroom module to provide space for other programs, such as

ground floor cafe and circulation space.

All two bed configurations have disabled access, stretching the entire

floorplate to create wider rooms and doorways.

A studio unit is formed by subtracting a bedroom module and

widening the bathroom. The resulting void in the grid creates an

opportunity for additional study nooks, daylighting and winter gardens.


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A flexible way of livingMODULAR FIXTURESThe standard module is a compact 8 square metres, providing essential

private space that in turn facilitates engagement with communal living and

study spaces. The bedroom also features a window seat that maximises thespace and extends a connection to the outside.

Just as the bedroom module acts as a basic repeatable unit within the floor

plate grid, its internal space functions in a similar way. A wall of flexible units

are able to be configured according to the individual students needs, which

again points to an overall goal within the BISI framework - to create the ability

for spaces to respond to future needs in a way that is economically sustainable.


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The 2014 Envision Team would like to thank the

following people for the time spent assisting

in an understanding of current (and potentialfuture) design, practise and policy for affordable

habitats. Your contribution to the this publication

is greatly appreciated.

We would also like to pay special thanks to our

mentors at NBRS+PARTNERS - Andrew Duff in,

James Ward & Jessica Mees who helped us

realise the potential of the BISI Framework to

design more effective affordable habitats.

Mark McCrindleMcCrindle

Claire MaddenMcCrindle

Paul PholerosHealthabitat

Jon OwenUrban Neighbours of Hope

Dr Judith YatesUniversity of Sydney

Mike Furner BaptistCare

Andrew DuffinNBRS+PARTNERS

James WardNBRS+PARTNERS

Jessica MeesNBRS+PARTNERS

Acknowledgements

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Envision Student PartnershipThe NBRS ENVISION Student Partnership Program is an annual partnership

with some of the most creative young minds in the design industry.

This unique intern program encourages students to investigate collaboratively

and provides them with an opportunity to experiment through an interplay of

research and design, while immersed in a thriving architectural practice. This

exploration promotes team-based problem-solving, forward-thinking concepts

and a re-evaluation of our contemporary environments.

A studio project is completed over the duration of the internship,

providing students with exposure and insight into the architectural design

and documentation process, to help form an appreciation for graduate

responsibilities within the off ice environment.

WWW.NBRSAP.COM.AU/ENVISION

2014 ENVISION TEAMLuen SamonteUNSW

Benjamin KnowlesUNSW

Annabel BlackmanUTS

RESEARCH

Beyondthethird

WorkplaceActivityBasedLiving: Alookintothefutureofourcities

BISIAffordableHabitatsAHOLISTICFRAMEWORKFORPOSITIVELOWCOSTRESIDENTIALDEVELOPMENT


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BISI Affordable Habitats

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