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Bangladesh

Biotechnology Activities in Bangladesh

An overview

Presented by

• Dr. Syed Saleheen Qadri• Professor, Department of Biochemistry and

Molecular Biology, Dhaka University (DU)• Past Chairman, Department of Biochemistry

and Molecular Biology, DU• Former Dean, Faculty of Biological Sciences.• Former Director, Centre for Advanced

Research in Sciences, DU

Geography

• Deltaic plain at the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna Rivers and their tributaries

• Has a tropical monsoon climate characterized by heavy seasonal rainfall, high temperatures, and high humidity.

Geography

• Deltaic plain at the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna Rivers and their tributaries

• Has a tropical monsoon climate characterized by heavy seasonal rainfall, high temperatures, and high humidity.

Geography

• Area of 144,000 square kilometers and extends 820 kilometers north to south and 600 kilometers east to west.

• Bordered on the west, north, and east by a 2,400-kilometer land frontier with India and, in the southeast, by a short land and water frontier (193 km) with Myanmar.

• Coastline 580 km

Geography

• Roughly 80 % of the landmass is made up of fertile alluvial lowland called the Lower Gangetic Plain.

• 67% of nonurban land is arable.• Permanent crops cover only 3%, meadows

and pastures 4%, and forests and woodland cover 16%.

Geography

• Roughly 80 % of the landmass is made up of fertile alluvial lowland called the Lower Gangetic Plain.

• Permanent crops cover only 3%, meadows and pastures 4%, and forests and woodland cover 16%.

Geography

• Natural resources: natural gas, arable land, timber, coal

• Land use:Arable land: 55.39%Permanent crops: 3.08%other: 41.53% (2005)

• Irrigated land: 47,250 km² (2003)

Geography

People & Economy

• Population (2009 est): 160 million (8th)• Population density: 1099.3/km2 (9th)• GDP per capita: USD 583• HDI: 0.543 (146th)

Agriculture at a Glance

• Total family : 17,600,804 • Total farm holding : 15,089,000 • Total area : 14.845 million hectare • Forest : 2.599 million hectare • Cultivable land : 8.44 million hectare • Cultivable waste : 0.268 million hectare • Current fellow : 0.469 million hectare • Cropping intensity : 175.97%

• Total family : 17,600,804 • Total farm holding : 15,089,000 • Total area : 14.845 million hectare • Forest : 2.599 million hectare • Cultivable land : 8.44 million hectare • Cropping intensity : 175.97%

• Single cropped area : 2.851 million• Double cropped area : 3.984 million • Triple cropped area : 0.974 million • Net cropped area : 7.809 million • Total cropped area : 13.742 million(In hectares)

• Contribution of agriculture sector to GDP : 23.50% • Contribution of crop sector to GDP : 13.44% • Manpower in agriculture : 62% • Total food crop demand : 23.029 million metric ton • Total food crop production : 27.787 million metric ton • Net production : 24.569 million metric ton

(Source: BBS, 2006 and Handbook Agricultural Statistics, MoA)

Major agricultural products

Biotechnology ActivitiesGovernment of Bangladesh

• National Policy on Biotechnology adopted in 2006, now updated 2010

• National Biosafety Framework 2006• National Institute of Biotechnology• Support for jute genome sequencing

National Biotechnology PolicyPriority areas

• Plant biotechnology• Animal biotechnology• Fish biotechnology• Medical biotechnology• Industrial biotechnology• Environmental biotechnology• Biodiversity conservation• Human genetics and genomics• Biosafety & bioethics

National Biosafety Framework 2006

• National Biosafety Guidelines 2006 • National Committee on Biosafety• Institutional Committee on Biosafety• National Bioethics Committee• Institutional Bioethics Committee

National Institute of Biotechnology (NIB)

• Cost: Tk 267.8 million• Total Floor space: 3700 sq m• Lab floor space: 2250 sq m• Number of labs: 06

DNA lab, Plant biotech, Animal biotech, Fish biotech, Fermentation & Bioprocessing , and Bioenergy & Fertilisation

NIB objectives

• Research on priority problems• Networking of national projects• Human resource development• Policy planning• Technology Resource Centre

NIB Facilities Available

• Plant tissue culture• Recombinant DNA technology• DNA sequencing including PCR• DNA fingerprinting & profiling• Enzyme technology & product analysis• Micro-element analysis of environmental

samples• Automated greenhouse, animal house

NIB on going projects

• In vitro propagation of banana• Micropropagation of strawberry• Disease-free orchid production• Mass production of potato microtuber• Conservation of endangered medicinal plants• Regeneration and gene transformation

protocol for hyv rice

Other Institutions Involved in Biotech Activities

• GOB research institutes• Public universities• NGOs• Private companies

Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute

Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI)

• At Joydebpur, 165 ha + 6 regional stations + 24 substations

• Biotechnology lab started in 1985• Well equipped modern laboratory• Facilities for genetic engineering and

molecular biology work• Recent addition a Class II greenhouse

Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI)

• At Joydebpur, 165 ha + 6 regional stations + 24 substations

• Biotechnology lab started in 1985• Well equipped modern laboratory• Facilities for genetic engineering and

molecular biology work• Recent addition a Class II greenhouse

BARI Objectives in Biotechnology• Identify disease and pest resistance genes for cloning,

sequencing and expression• Identify genes to characterize plants, diagnose plant

diseases and pests, assay active components and gene mapping

• Develop transgenic plants• Develop new genotypes through somatic hybridization

and gene pyramiding• Introduce transgenics or somatic hybrids from abroad• Field trial of transgenics for risk assessment and field

release

BARI Objectives• Identify disease and pest resistance genes for cloning,

release

BARI achievements in Biotechnology

• Tissue culture of banana, jackfruit, pineapple, water melon, papaya, coconut, grape, gladiolus, orchids, chrysanthemum, rose, tuberose, strawberry, gourd, ginger, brinjal, and potato

• Bioengineered crops: Bt brinjal (9 varieties) and Leaf Blight Resistant Potato (2 varieties)

• RAPD analysis to estimate genetic polymorphism in various plants

• Microsatellite DNA markers used for characterization of plants

Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI)

• Situated at Gazipur + 10 regional stations• Biotechnology work initiated in 1982• Major thrust: varietal development activities

for high yield, quality, stress tolerance and bio-fortification

• Involved in rice tissue culture, genetic transformation, marker assisted selection, gene pyramiding, QTL identification and DNA fingerprinting

BRRI Achievements in Biotechnology

• Methods and protocols established for culturing explants, such as seed, embryo, young panicle and anther of reluctant Indica rice

• Media for one-step regeneration in anther culture

• Genetically engineered submergence tolerant rice BRRIDhan51 and BRRIDhan52 ready to be released

• Methods and protocols established for culturing explants, such as seed, embryo, young panicle and anther of reluctant Indicarice

• Genetically engineered submergence tolerant rice BRRIDhan51 and BRRIDhan52 ready to be released

• Methods and protocols established for culturing explants, suchas seed, embryo, young panicle and antherof reluctant Indica rice

• Submergence tolerant rice BRRIDhan51 and BRRIDhan52 ready to be released

Other GOB institutes involved in Biotechnolgy

• Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR): tissue culture of Stevia, Bixa, Rawoulfia

• Atomic Energy Research Establishment: Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Division: tissue culture of forest, fruit, medicinal and ornamental plants

• Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute: tissue culture of sugarcane, DNA fingerprinting of sugarcane varieties, mushroom tissue culture using sugarcane bagasse, Agrobacterium mediated salt and drought tolerant sugarcane

Public Universities

• Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU)• Rajshahi University (RU)• Khulna University (KU)• Chittagong University (CU)• Dhaka University (DU)

Department of Biotechnology, BAU

• Fungal disease resistance of local potato through gene transfer

• Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated genetic transformations of potato, garlic and chilli

• Genetic engineering approaches for blight and streak resistance in rice

Institute of Biological Sciences, RU

• Genetic transformation of antifungal genes into Dalbergia sissoo

• Molecular phylogeny studies on banana• Arsenic hyper accumulation by fern species• Biodiesel from Jatropha

Department of Botany, RU

• Strawberry: Development and release of somaclonal variant suitable for Bangladesh

• Potato: Virus-free seed, nutritionally improvement by genetic transformation, DNA fingerprinting

• Rice: genetic transformation with PRP genes• Lettuce: genetic transformation and

chromosomal mapping, transgenic expression of pesticidal gene, production of calcitonin in transgenic lettuce

• Tomato: QLT analysis with RFLP and RAPD• Micropropagation for mass production of:

water chestnut, water melon, orchids, banana, pineapple, horticultural and medicinal plants

• Tomato: QLT analysis with RFLP and RAPD• Micropropagation for mass production of:

water chestnut, water melon, orchids, banana, pineapple, horticultural and medicinal plants

Dhaka University

Department of Botany, DU

• Development of suitable regeneration systems for Brassica spp, Gerberra, Tea, Rice, Chrysanthemum, Potato, Tomato, Peanut, Lentil, Chickpea, Mungbean and Brinjal

• Agrobacterium mediated transformations of above plants and jute for fungal resistance

• RAPD analyses in Chrysanthemum, Gerbera, Aromatic rice, Peanut.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, DU (BMBDU)

• Marker-assisted backcrossing to produce salt tolerant versions of the mega rice varieties BR11 and BRRIdhan28. BR11-Saltol already provided to BRRI for multiplication

• Saltol-linked marker validation in breeding populations

• Search for salinity tolerance QTLs from Bangladesh landraces e.g Boilam

• Sequence analysis of waxy and red pericarp gene in Bangladesh landraces

• Isolation and characterization of salt-inducible promoters from salt-tolerant rice landraces

• Agrobacterium mediated transformation of rice for salt-tolerance

• Use of rice seed for delivery of recombinant cholera vaccine

• Identification of marker for low temperature tolerance in jute

• Expression of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase genes to confer fungi caused stem-rot resistance in jute

• Expression of bacterial kat E gene in jute for conferring salt tolerance

• SEQUENCING THE JUTE GENOME

Sequencing the Jute Genome• Biotechnologists at a meeting identified sequencing

the jute genome as a priority target for Bangladesh.• Prof. Maqsudul Alam, University of Hawaii, Manoa in

one of his home visits learned of this and offered to sequence the jute genome. But funds necessary were not forthcoming.

• At a subsequent meeting where he was describing his success with Papaya genome in Hawaii and Rubber genome in Malaysia, Minister for Agriculture, Begum Motia Chowdhury, who was present in the meeting became interested and promised to help find the funds.

Sequencing the Jute Genome

• Soon, a remarkable event took place: GOB allocated Tk 100 million, and a journey Swapna Jatra began

• With Dr. Maqsudul Alam leading the way, DNA preparation and marker selections were done at the DUBMB lab (Prof Haseena Khan and her team), the wet lab work was done in Malaysia and Hawaii, the entire computer work was done at Dhaka by young boys and girls at a software firm, Dhaka Soft with help from MS students from DUBMB

• Soon, a remarkable event took place: GOB allocated Tk 100 million, and a journey Swapna Jatra began

• With Dr. Maqsudul Alam leading the way, DNA preparation and marker selections were done at the DUBMB lab (Prof Haseena Khan and her team), the wet lab work was done in Malaysia and Hawaii, the entire computer work was done at Dhaka by novices, young boys and girls at a software firm, Dhaka Soft with help from MS students from DUBMB

• On 16 June 2010, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina proudly announced that Bangladeshi scientists had decoded the Jute Genome

• “The discovery of genome sequencing of jute would, she said, facilitate better pest control and better finished industrial products out of jute.” Sheikh Hasina said.

• Surely Bangladesh can deliver

Other Public Universities

• Biotechnology & Engineering Discipline, Khulna University: RAPD based genetic diversity analyses in Pumpkin, Brinjal, Lemon and Aromatic Rice.

• Department of Botany, Chittagong University: Agrobacterium mediated transformations in potato, rare and endangered orchids and medicinal plants.

Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO)

• BRAC Plant Biotechnology Laboratory• Commercialization of virus-free potato plantlets

and seed potatoes• Production through tissue culture of four popular

imported flower species (anthurium, gerbers, carnation and orchids)

• Production en masse of fancy cacti• Disease free fruit plantlets (banana, jackfruit,

strawberry, sweet karamcha and lemon• Commercialization of Stevia plants

Private Companies

• Alpha Biotech Ltd: Potato plantlets and seeds• SAARC Agro-Biotech: Potato plantlets and

seeds;• Square Agro Development and Processing Ltd:

Potato plantlets and seeds; orchids; strawberry saplings.

Private Companies

• Lal Teer Seed Ltd: potato plantlets and seeds; late blight resistant potato, yellow vein mosaic virus resistant okra; transgenic Bt-Brinjal (in collaboration with MaHyCo and Cornell University, USA with funding under ABSPII)

• AHZ Biotech Ltd: Potato seeds• Aman Plant tissue Culture Lab: Potato seeds

Animal Biotechnology?

• Very little activity• GOB owned Bangladesh Livestock Research

Institute (BLRI)• Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU)• Incepta Ltd and Square Ltd• DU Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences

• Molecular characterization of native cattle• Embryo transfer technology• Multiple ovulation and artificial insemination• Diagnosis of viral diseases like avian influenza,

foot and mouth disease• Genetic improvements in tilapia and carp.• Stock discrimination in hilsa by RFLP

• Animal tissue culture lab facilities• Molecular characterization of Dengue• Molecular characterization and diagnosis of

avian flu and swine flu

Private Companies

• Incepta: recombinant human insulin, oral cholera vaccine (soon to come)

Overall Status

• Mostly plant biotech• Again, primarily tissue culture techniques.• Some work using gene manipulation, again

primarily Agrobacterium mediated• Fund constraints main limiting for Molecular

Biology and Genetic Engineering research• Another constraint: recruitment

Biotech Scientists

• Dhaka University BMB:– Prof Haseena Khan– Prof Zeba Islam Seraj

• Dhaka University Botany:– Prof Syed Hadiuzzaman– Prof Rakha Hari Sarker– Prof Md. Imdadul Hoque

Biotech Scientists

• Rajshahi University Botany:– Prof A K M Rafiqul Islam– Prof M Monzur Hossain

• BAU Biotechnology:– Prof K M Nasiruddin– Prof Md. Shahidul Haque– Prof. Md. Aminul Islam

Biotech Scientists

• Khulna University Botany:– Prof Md Raihan Ali– Prof S M Mahbubur Rahman

• BRRI Biotechnology Division:– Dr. Md. Shamsher Ali– Dr. Md. Enamul Hoque

Biotech Scientists• BARI:

– Dr. Md. Al-Amin– Dr A S M Mahbubur Rahman Khan

• BSRI:– Dr. Md. Amzad Hossain

• Biotechnologist:Prof Ahmed Shamsul IslamDr. Nayyum Chowdhury

Biotechnology holds promise

• Better Nutrition: More food, more yield, more nutritive, less loss

• Better Health: Cheaper medicines, more effective targeted medicines, cheaper vaccines

• Better Environment: Cleaner environment, green fuel, green bioremediation and green waste disposal

• Better Living: Less hunger, reduced child mortality, improved maternal health, combat diseases, sustainable environment

How to achieve?

• Fund constraints limit our ability to take advantage of newer technologies

• But, we have a pool of young talented scientists ready and willing to deliver

• All we need is a helping hand, the kind of help that enabled us decode the jute genome

• Please give us access to the resources available to you and together we shall prosper.

Thank you in anticipation of your cooperation

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