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![Page 1: Biosourced Raw Materials - Moving the Farm into Polymers Douglas A. Wicks Robert M. Hearin Support Foundation Professor The University of Southern Mississippi.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e0b5503460f94af35f6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Biosourced Raw Materials - Moving the Farm into
Polymers
Douglas A. WicksRobert M. Hearin Support Foundation ProfessorThe University of Southern Mississippi
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OutlineOverview of Polymer ScienceBackgroundExamples
Generation of ethanolVegetable Oil
MacromonomersSoy Bean Composites
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School of Polymers and High Performance
Materials at
The University of Southern Mississippi
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UndergraduateEducation
GraduateEducation
CommunityOutreach/Education
Research
Graduate Education
• PhD in Polymer Science and Engineering• 80 graduate students• Majority US Citizens• Diverse foreign contingent France, China, S. Africa, Turkey, S. Korea, Spain, Brazil, Columbia, Malaysia, Poland, India, Canada
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UndergraduateEducation
GraduateEducation
CommunityOutreach/Education
Research
Undergraduate Education
• BS in Polymer Science• 4 Year degree program • 90 students• Comprehensive program
•Synthesis•Coatings•Processing
• Regionally drawn students•Mississippi, Louisiana, Alabama, Tennessee.
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UndergraduateEducation
GraduateEducation
CommunityOutreach/Education
Research
Research Programs
$10MM in external fundingFederalStateIndustrialInternational
National NSF CentersIndustry/Univ. Coop Res CenterMaterials Research Center
Internationally recognized faculty
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UndergraduateEducation
GraduateEducation
CommunityOutreach/Education
Research
Outreach Programs
International Coatings and Formulations Institute (ICFI)
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CoatingsThames
Evans UrbanWicks Smith
Polymer Processing
HesterMooreMorganOtaigbe
Polymer Science Faculty
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Polymer Physics
Synthesis
MauritzHoyleLochheadNazarenko
McCormickMathiasStoreyBoyes
Polymer Science Faculty
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Long History of Natural Products in Polymers
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Present Project ObjectiveDevelop a concentrated acid hydrolysis process that converts
softwood sawdust into sugars that can be fermented to ethanol.
The process must be economical. - minimize equipment cost
- maximize conversion to sugars
Hester
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1 - motor 2 - transmission3 - sawdust feeder4- acid feed port5 - twin screw extruder6 - flow restricting orifice7 - static mixer & water port8 - hydrolysis reactor9 - product cooler 10 – product collector11 - water feed pump12 - acid feed pump13 – computer controller
123
45678910
USM Sawdust To Sugars Mini-Plant
11
12
13
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Continuous Film Formation with Solventless Latex
Stage III: Hexagonal packingStage V: Crosslinked Film
Stage I: Aqueous latex Stage II: Close contact particles
Stage IV: Ambient Crosslinking
Thames Research Group
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Vegetable Oil Macromonomer
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
Thames Research Group
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Castor Acrylated Monomer(CAM) Acrylate
group reactswith growing
polymerradicals
Alkyl moieties provideinternal plasticization
Residual unsaturationprovides mechanism
forambient cure
O
H3COOO
H H
H H
Thames Research Group
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CAM Incorporation Variable Tg (Var-Tg) latexes
MMA:BA ratio held constant, CAM added
Iso-Tg latexes MMA:BA:CAM ratios adjusted to achieve 5°C Tg
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
MFT
Tg
Te
mp
era
ture
(°C
)
phm CAM
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Tg
MFTTe
mp
era
ture
(°C
)
phm CAM
Var-Tg CAM Latexes Iso-Tg CAM Latexes
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Textile Latex For Military Uniforms
Thames Research Group
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Benefits
Permanent Press UniformsImproved wear resistanceImproved color retentionCost savings
100 Additional Jobs for Mississippi
Thames Research Group
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Additional Usage
7,500 uniforms supplied to USAF for field trial
US Army testing permanent press uniforms
Thames Research Group
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Environmentally Friendly CompositesComponents
Continuous PhaseSynthetic
Urea-formaldehyde Polyethylene
Agricultural Soybean protein Lignin
ReinforcementsSynthetic
Carbon Glass
Agricultural Plant fibers Wood
Thames Research Group
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Commercial Adhesives
Advantages: Rapid cure time Water resistance Cure by crosslinking
Disadvantages: Increasing cost Formaldehyde
emissions
Prominent Adhesives Urea-formaldehyde (UF) Melamine-formaldehyde (MF) Phenol-formaldehyde (PF)
Thames Research Group
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Formaldehyde
Toxic compoundInhalationContact with skinIngestion
Irritates all parts of the respiratory system
Thames Research Group
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Soybean Adhesive Potential
Alternative to using petroleum resources
BiodegradableRenewableRelative low costEnvironmentally-
friendlyFormaldehyde-free
Thames Research Group
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Soybean CompositionCarbohydrates (35%)
Protein (40%)
Oils (20%)
Ash (5%)
http://hubcap.clemson.eduhttp://www.nsrl.uiuc.edu
Thames Research Group
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Formaldehyde-Free Biodegradable Wood Composites
RenewableBiodegradableFormaldehyde-free Environmentally-friendly
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PLLA Ionomers -Project Concept
Biodegradable ionomers (polymers containing ions) based on poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)
Ion groups raise glass transition temperature
Higher Tg opens new applications in food packaging and food service
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Incorporation of Ionic Groups by Copolymerization
115oC, N2 atm
Sn(OBu)2+
O O
OBn
CH3
O
O
O
O
CH3O O
O
CH3OOBn
L,L-lactide MBC
O
O
O
O
O
O
-Caprolactone
O O
O
CH3OOBn
O O
OBn
CH3
O
O
O
O+
Al(OiPr)3
85oC, N2 atm
MBCBn = CH2Ph
110 oC, N2 atm
Sn(Oct)2
Storey, R.F., Mullen, B.D., Melchert, K.M. J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem., 2001 A38(9), 897.
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Enhancement of Glass Transition Temperature by Ion Incorporation
O O O
O
OCH3
O
OH
O O
OBn
CH3
O
O
O
O
CH3
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Conclusions
Biosourced Products have a place in polymers
They can be included into high performance materials
The next generation will truly bring us back to the farm
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Acknowledgements
The Thames Research GroupSouthern Diversified Products
Professor Roger HesterProfessor Robson StoreyThe US Department of Agriculture