EnviroSHaPER Noise ModelDavid Morley, Imperial College London

EnviroSHaPER Noise Model

Generate noise exposure at points (addresses)

User-friendly application

Based on the new CNOSSOS-EU standard model

Simplified approach for national scales

Noise exposure

Noise exposure

Common metrics used in epidemiology

LAEQ16 16hr day average 07:00 – 23:00

LDAY 12hr day average 07:00 – 19:00

LEVE 4hr evening average 19:00 – 23:00

LNIGHT 8hr night average 23:00 – 07:00

LDEN 24hr average weighted towards night and evening

CNOSSOS-EU Framework

A harmonised method for Europe to allow comparison between countries

Rail, Aircraft, Industrial and Road sources

A full (complex) sound propagation model to assign noise levels to receptors

In this application, both source definition and propagation needs to be simplified

EnviroSHaPER Input Data

Data set Description Use

Traffic flow Number of vehicles per hour on a road segment On a particular road segment, the number of vehicles defines the total noise source

Vehicle type Relative proportion of light vehicles (e.g. passenger cars) and heavy vehicles (e.g. lorries, buses)

A heavy vehicle contributes more noise than a light vehicle

Speed limits Maximum legal limit or average speed (if available) according to road class and vehicle type

The speed of a vehicle effects the associated sound power output

Road network Spatial layout of the road network Sound propagation and contribution at a receptor is based on the distance to, and the number of nearby roads and associated traffic flows

Road junction type Presence of roundabouts or crossings on a road segment

Influence on acceleration and deceleration and vehicle engine noise

Land cover Land cover types over the study area (buildings, grassland, woodland, water bodies etc.)

Distinction between sound absorbent (e.g. vegetation) and sound reflective surfaces (e.g. concrete)

Building heights Height and location of buildings Buildings act as a barrier to sound propagationAir temperature Annual average air temperature As air temperature increases, traffic noise will decrease

Prevailing wind direction Expected proportion of time wind can be expected from a certain direction (by quadrant)

A favourable (following) wind direction can aid sound propagation

Road surface type and age Road surface material (e.g. concrete, asphalt) and age (condition)

Older roads and specific surface types lead to higher rolling noise levels

Studded tyre usage Relative proportion of vehicles using studded (snow) tyres

Studded tyre use contributes to higher rolling noise levels

Road gradient Slope of each road segment Influence on acceleration and deceleration and vehicle engine noise

Topography Elevation model of the study area Line-of-sight between noise sources and receivers for sound propagation

EnviroSHaPER Input Data

Land coverBuilding heightsRoad geographyTraffic flow

EnviroSHaPER Input Data

Morley, D.W., de Hoogh, K., Fecht, D., Fabbri, F, Bell, M. , Goodman, P.S., Elliott, P., Hodgson, S., Hansell, A., and Gulliver, J. International scale implementation of the CNOSSOS-EU road traffic noise prediction model for epidemiological studies (in press) Environmental Pollution

EnviroSHaPER Modelling

For each receptor point:

1) Find road segments within 500m2) Project source-receptor ‘ray paths’3) Calculate source noise at these points4) Calculate propagation of noise along ray

path to receptor5) Exponentially sum values for each path

EnviroSHaPER Modelling

Source traffic noise

DATA SOURCES•Road network geography •Traffic flow for light and heavy vehicles

SOUND POWER EMMISION•Rolling noise: Road surface (type, age)•Propulsion noise: Engine noise (road gradient, vehicle speed), vehicle type

EnviroSHaPER Modelling

Sound propagationNoise levels at a receptor is the accumulation of noise along all propagation paths

Propagation is a function of:Distance from the sourceAngle of view of to the road segmentAtmospheric absorptionMeteorological conditions Land cover

EnviroSHaPER Modelling

Sound propagation

EnviroSHaPER Application

A user-friendly windows interfaceRuns in PostGIS behind the scenes

EnviroSHaPER Application

Dialogue boxes to specify inputsAll inputs ArcGIS shapefiles

Very few other options

EnviroSHaPER ApplicationReceptors CORINE polygons

Generalised building heights

Road network and traffic flow

EnviroSHaPER Application

As each receptor is processed:Noise estimations shownMap of roads in range

• At the end:Histogram of predictionsClickable points on OSM base

Summary

CNOSSUS-EU model designed to allow comparable noise models for EuropeIs extremely detailed (localised), but here is simplified to more general (regional) situations.

ImplementationUser-friendly front-end to a PostGIS spatial data baseRequires PostGIS is installed (but runs behind the scenes)Output is ArcGIS shapefile and .csv for Excel

See the User Guide for full detailsDavid Morley: d.morley@imperial.ac.uk

Acknowledgement

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 261433 (Biobank Standardisation and Harmonisation for Research Excellence in the European Union - BioSHaRE-EU)