Bionic Materials Ppt

8/4/2019 Bionic Materials Ppt

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BIONIC MATERIALS


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What are bionics?

Bionics (also known as biomimicry,

biomimetics, bio-inspiration, biognosis, and

close to bionical creativity engineering) is the

application of biological methods and systems

found in nature to the study and design of

engineering systems and modern technology


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History

The name biomimetics was coined by Otto

Schmitt in the 1950s. The term bionics was

coined by Jack E. Steele in 1958 while working

at the Aeronautics Division House at Wright-

Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio.


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Methods for making bionic materials

We can distinguish three biological levels in thefauna or flora, after which technology can bemodeled:

Mimicking natural methods of manufacture

Imitating mechanisms found in nature.

Studying organizational principles from thesocial behaviour of organisms, such as the

flocking behaviour of birds, optimization of antforaging and bee foraging, and the swarmintelligence (SI)-based behaviour of a school offish.


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Examples of bionic materials

There are many examples of bionic materialssuch as:

Velcro

Cats eye reflector

Resilin

Some paints and roof tiles

Bionic legs and eyes

Fibres harvesting water from fog etc.


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1) Bionic development of textile

materials for harvesting water

from fog.

The development of functional products for

the procurement of drinking water from fog

without energy supply is the aim of this

project at the Institute of Textile Technology

and Process Engineering (ITV) Denkendorf.


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Biological models used in this project

Two biological systems acted as the model for

the development works at ITV:

the marram grass Stipagrostis subulicola and

the Namib Desert beetle both being natural

survivalists in the Namib Desert.


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Harvesting water by marram grass

The Stipagrostis subulicola plant uses the

water droplets, that are dispersed in the air,

by means of a sophisticated interaction of its

roots and leaves. The roots of the marram

grass are in a maximum depth of 20 cm; they,

however spreading over a length of 20 m

forming a carpet that absorbs the waterdripping from the leaves before completely

seeping away in the ground.


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Harvesting of water by beetles shell

Its surface has armor like shell that is coveredwith bumps. The peak of each bump issmooth and attracts water. As morning fog

sweeps across the desert floor, water sticks tothe peak ofStenocaras bump eventuallyfoming droplets.

Stenocara offers a good model for designinginexpensive tent covering that could collectwater.


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Namib desert beetle


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Demands to textile fibre

Textile should have separation efficiency forair transported water aerosols.

Must show favorable tear strength and air

permeability. Should have self cleaning properties to be

protected against dirt, dust and blockades of

fabric itself. Should have maximum weathering and ultra

violet resistance.


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The production and maintenance costs for the

textile fabric and the overall system should beas low as possible.

The design should be simple and easy to

handle. All the material surfaces that get into contact

with water must be compatible with food as

separated water is used in drinking andcooking.


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Trials performed in labs

On the basis of desired characterstics varioustests were conducted on various textilematerial.

test items were exposed to a shower ofaerosols by a cold fog equipment with adroplet diameter from 10-100 m

Smoke screen and inflow were realized on thebasis of a reliable processing technology inorder to get reproducible results.


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Field trials at desert station Namib Desert


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Results

By using marram grass as biological model:

The influence of textile-physical parameters

such as polymer material, filament and fiber

diameter, design, and surface energy or air

permeability on separation efficiency was

determined.

The analysed test items included fabric

meshed polythene, and 3-D design polyester.


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By using beetles shell as biological model:

Net harvesting done by using polypropylene

meshes stretched between two poles.


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Practice tests of these fabrics

The textile variants with optimum waterseparation rates are currently tested at thedesert research station Gobabeb, Namib

Desert/Namibia under conditions of long-term field trials .

Meshed fabris polythene and polyproplene-water separated : 300ml\mm2.

3-D polyester- water separated: 660-730ml\mm2.


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2)Flexible and translucent thermal

insulation for solar thermal application

Solar thermal collectors used at present consist ofrigid and heavy materials, which are the reasonsfor their immobility

. Based on the solar function of polar bear furand skin, new collector systems are indevelopment, which are flexible and mobile.

The developed transparent heat insulation

material consists of a spacer textile based ontranslucent polymer fibres coated withtransparent silicone rubber.


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Development of translucent thermal

insulation

A living example for such a flexible solar

material is the fur and skin of the polar bear,

which has to survive in the arctic cold at -50

degree celsius. The physical functions oftransferring solar radiation from the outside

to the absorber, the thermal insulation of the

system as well as the low heat radiationemission were of great interest for technical

development.


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Solar thermal functions of polar bear

fur

The suns radiation is transferred through the

air holding sheet (yellowish fur) to the black

skin, which has the function of an absorber.

Owing to the fat layer as well as the fur withthe heat insulation property, the heat is not

able to be lost by convection. Furthermore,

the IR (heat) radiation from the body isreflected by the skin and hairs in order to

avoid heat loss.


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Development of a translucent thermal

insulation

Pile fabric with light-conductive fibres.

translucent coating

spacer textile with open

structure (monofilaments)

coating (translucent or

black coated)

Construction of a spacer textile composite for

solar thermal energy harvesting


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Characteristics of developed solar

textile high translucent and/or black pigmented silicone

coating,

open textile structure for a high light transfer, translucence for incident light of the visible spectrum

and impermeability for short-wave UV radiation,

strongly reduced heat loss by convection,

heat loss reduction of long-wave (thermal) radiation bya suitable coating, and

dirt resistance by a special coating.


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Advantages of such translucent

thermal insulation

low weight,

high light transmission, and

low thermal transition coefficient (U-value);

and in addition in respect of

high mechanical stability (unbreakable, tear proof,elastic),

high thermal stability (approx. up to 110160 degreeCelsius),

flexibility, i.e. arched structures are feasible, deep draw ability within certain limits, and

chemical resistance.


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Potential application areas

Half-spherical collector with flexible textile transparent thermal insulation

Solarenergie Stefanakis.


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3) Bionic leg- gives amputees a more

natural walk

The bionic leg is the result of a seven-yearresearch effort at the Vanderbilt Center forIntelligent Mechatronics, directed by MichaelGoldfarb, the H. Fort Flowers Professor ofMechanical Engineering.

Primitive form- iron, leather socket with steelframe

Now the device uses the latest advances incomputer, sensor, electric motor and batterytechnology to give it bionic capabilities( myoelectric prosthetic limb)


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The manufacturing process

Steps involved in manufacturing bionic leg:

Measurement of the stump

Measurement of the body to determine thesize required for the artificial limb

Fitting of a silicone liner

Creation of a model of the liner worn over thestump


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Formation of thermoplastic sheet around the

model This is then used to test the fit of the

prosthetic

Formation of permanent socket

Formation of plastic parts of the artificial limb

Different methods are used, including

vacuum forming and injection molding

Creation of metal parts of the artificial limb

using die casting

Assembly of entire limb


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Materials used for manufacturing

cosmetis prosthesis

Polypropylene

Polyethylene

Acrylics Polyurethane

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer

PVC

Silicone


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Bionic leg


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Latest advancement

Robotic prosthesis or myoelectric prosthesis:several components have to be integrated it

into the body's functions-

BiosensorsController

Actuator

Quality control measures are also taken in

account to check the strength and durability

of the material.


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References ^ "A Brief Review of the History of Amputations and

Prostheses Earl E. Vanderwerker, Jr., M.D. JACPOC1976 Vol 15, Num 5".

^ http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1705.htm

^ "Bronze single crown-like prosthetic restorations of

teeth from the Late Roman period = Des restaurationspar prothses identiques des couronnes en simplebronze de dents pendant la fin de la prioderomaine". Cat.inist.fr. Retrieved 2009-11-03.

^ "The Iron Hand of the Goetz von Berlichingen".

Karlofgermany.com. Retrieved 2009-11-03. ^ "Bryce, Geore, ''A Short History of the Canadian

People''". Archive.org. Retrieved 2009-11-03.

^ "A Brief History of Prosthetics". inMotion: A BriefHistory of Prosthetics. November/December 2007.

Retrieved 23 November 2010.


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Retrieved 23 November 2010.

^History of Prosthetics, Blatchford & Sons, Ltd.Retrieved 16 March 2008.

^ abPike, Alvin (May/June 1999). The New High TechProstheses. In Motion Magazine 9 (3)

^ acMartin, Craig W. (November 2003) Otto Bock C-leg: A review of its effectiveness. WCB Evidence

Based Group ^ "Retrieved 14 April 2009". Freedom-

innovations.com. Retrieved 2010-10-03.

^The SLK, The Self-Learning Knee, DAW Industries.

Retrieved 16 March 2008. ^Marriott, Michel (2005-06-20). "Titanium and

Sensors Replace Ahab's Peg Leg". New York Times.Retrieved 2008-10-30.

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