Biomes
-
Upload
noel-hogan -
Category
Education
-
view
179 -
download
5
description
Transcript of Biomes
A Biome is a world region that is characterised by groups of plants and animals adapted to specific conditions
of climate, soils and biotic inter-relationships
7.3 BIOMES – World Regions
11/04/20231
Geoecology
11/04/2023 2Geoecology
7.3 BIOMES – World Regions Characterised by inter-relationships of:Climate• Soils• Plants• Animals• When answering a question on biomes always include:
• Definition• Location• Formation of that biome• Climate (temperature & precipitation)• Soils• Plants• Animals
11/04/2023 3Geoecology
7.3 BIOMES – World Climates Types
11/04/2023 4Geoecology
7.3 BIOMES – World Regions
11/04/2023 5Geoecology
7.3 BIOMES – World Regions
Deciduous ForestTaig
a
Desert
Grassland
Tropical
Rain Forest
Tundra
11/04/2023 6Geoecology
7.3 BIOMES – World Regions Desert
Californian•Great Basin•Mohave•Sonoran•Chihuahuan Atacam
aNamib
Sahara
Great Australian Desert
Turkestan
Gobi
Kalahari
Arabian
11/04/2023 7Geoecology
7.3 BIOMES – World Regions Desert - Formation
Hadley Cells
1. Equator 0o – LP – Air Rises
2. Convectional Rainfall
Moves away from Equator
3. Tropics 30o – HP – Air Sinks
4. Moves towards equator
Compressed Warm air holds moisture – DRY
5. Desert - Sahara
11/04/2023 8Geoecology
7.3 BIOMES – World Regions Desert - Formation
Rain Shadow Effect
1. Coastal Mountains act as barrier to moist air
2. Forced to rise & cool
3. Precipitation on windward side
4. Leeward Air dry
5. Mountains – Sierra Nevada
6. Desert - Mohave
11/04/2023 9Geoecology
7.3 BIOMES – World Regions Desert – Formation
Cold Ocean Currents
1. Wind that blows over cold currents are cooled
2. Cannot hold moisture so precipitates
3. On reaching hot land – air is warmed – retains moisture
4. Desert – Namib / Atacama
11/04/2023 10Geoecology
7.3 BIOMES – World Regions Desert - Climate
Algeria
Belize - Rainfall
11/04/2023 11Geoecology
11/04/2023 12Geoecology
7.3 BIOMES – World Regions Desert - Soils
Aridisols
Sandy to Coarse textured
Deep Soils (Basin)
Little organic matter
Light Grey Clour
Intense Evaporation
Alkaline Soil
Calcification
Salinisation
Caliche
11/04/2023 13Geoecology
7.3 BIOMES – World Regions Desert - Plants
Prickly Pear Cactus
Barrel Cactus
Desert Paintbrush
Mesquite
11/04/2023 14Geoecology
7.3 BIOMES – World Regions Desert - Animals
Black Widow
Cactus Wren
Lizard
Dingo
Vulture
Chameleon
Grasshopper
Sand Rat
Gecko
Camel
11/04/2023 15Geoecology
7.4 BIOMES – World Regions
EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES-4 effects to be studied
• Early Settlement – Clearing Forests• Felling of Tropical Rain Forests• Intensive Agriculture• Industrial Development
DESERTS
11/04/2023 16Geoecology
European ForestsIrish Forests
• Started in Neolithic Age• Mid 1800s almost devoid of forest cover• 1900 only 1% forest cover• 2003 - 9.4%• EU average 31%
7.4 BIOMES – Human ActivitiesEarly Settlement – Clearing Forests
11/04/2023 Geoecology17
7.4 BIOMES – Human ActivitiesEarly Settlement – Clearing Forests
Country Forest Cover (% of land area) 2003
Ireland 9.4 %
Netherlands 9.5 %
Denmark 12.7 %
Belgium 22.4 %
Germany 30.2 %
France 31.6 %
Sweden 73.5 %
Finland 75.5 %Source OECD
11/04/2023 Geoecology18
7.4 BIOMES – Human ActivitiesEarly Settlement – Clearing Forests
Dark Green: > 40 % cover
Mid Green: 10 – 40 % cover
Light Green: woodland, shrubland
bushland
11/04/2023 Geoecology19
7.4 BIOMES – Human ActivitiesClearing ForestsAverage Annual % 1990 - 2000
11/04/2023 Geoecology20
7.4 BIOMES – Human ActivitiesFelling Tropical Rain Forests
Importance of Tropical Rain Forests• Home to Tribal Cultures that have survived for
thousands of years
• Home to 50% of plant and animal species
• Winter home to birds that breed in temperate climates
• Help to reduce Global CO2 levels
• Help to maintain global rain and weather patterns
• Source of pharmaceutical Drugs
11/04/2023 Geoecology21
7.4 BIOMES – Human ActivitiesFelling Tropical Rain Forests
Reasons for Felling• Firewood, charcoal, building materials, furniture
• Conversion to pasture for cattle ranching
• Mining for gold, bauxite (aluminium) etc.
• Cultivation of Cash Crops
• Overpopulation - migration
11/04/2023 Geoecology22
7.4 BIOMES – Human ActivitiesFelling Tropical Rain Forests
Brazil
Source UNEP
11/04/2023 Geoecology23
7.4 BIOMES – Human ActivitiesFelling Tropical Rain Forests
Argentina: Source UNEP
11/04/2023 Geoecology24
7.4 BIOMES – Human ActivitiesFelling Tropical Rain Forests
Bolivia
Source: UNEP
11/04/2023 Geoecology25
7.4 BIOMES – Human ActivitiesIntensive Agricultural Practices
Bolivia Source: UNEP
11/04/2023 Geoecology26
7.4 BIOMES – Human ActivitiesIndustrial Development - Air Pollution
Trends in Atmospheric Concentrations and
Anthropogenic Emissions of Carbon Dioxide
11/04/2023 Geoecology27
7.4 BIOMES – Human ActivitiesIndustrial Development – Air PollutionWorld Carbon Dioxide Emissions 1999Metric Tons of Carbon Equivalent per capita
11/04/2023 Geoecology28
7.4 BIOMES – Human ActivitiesIndustrial Development – Acid Rain
Source: angelfire.com
11/04/2023 Geoecology29
7.4 BIOMES – Human ActivitiesIndustrial Development – Acid Rain
Effects of Acid Rain
Source: angelfire.com
11/04/2023 Geoecology30
7.4 BIOMES – Human ActivitiesIndustrial Development – Water Pollution
Pollution of Rivers and Lakes – Faecal Coliforms
11/04/2023 Geoecology31
7.4 BIOMES – Human ActivitiesIndustrial Development – Water Pollution
Pollution of Rivers and Lakes – pH values
11/04/2023 Geoecology32
7.4 BIOMES – Human ActivitiesIndustrial Development – Water Pollution
Pollution of Coasts and Seas
11/04/2023 Geoecology33
7.4 BIOMES – Human ActivitiesIndustrial Development – Water Pollution
Pollution of Coasts and Seas
11/04/2023 Geoecology34
7.4 BIOMES – Human ActivitiesVanishing Wilderness
World Ecosystems Undisturbed
Partially Disturbed
Human Dominated
51.9 % 24.2 % 23.9 %
Adjusted for Rock, Ice & Barren Land
27 % 36.7 % 36.3 %Source Hannah et Al 1994