By:V.Madhukar

Biomedical Waste Management

Contents

IntroductionDefinitionBiomedical Waste Management and Handling

RulesCategories Of Biomedical WasteWaste Management PlanSegregation In Colour Coded BagsPersonal Safety PracticesStorageTransport Incineration and Non-incineration ProcessesConclusion

Introduction

1) Medical care – vital in our life and health.

2) BMW -emerged as issue of concern world over.

3) BMW real problem for MAN, COMMUNITY,& ENVIRONMENT

4) Safe scientific cost effective methods for BMW management – need of hour.

What is Biomedical Waste?

Waste generated during diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or production of biological products for humans or animals

The hospital waste, in addition to the risk for patients and personnel who handle these wastes poses a threat to public health and environment

Need For BMW Management

BIOMEDICAL WASTE(MANAGEMENT & HANDLING) RULES by Govt. of India ,1998

(Amended on 2000)

• Authoritative order to all the hospitals to stop the indiscriminate disposal of waste and ensure that it is treated in such a manner that it does not hamper the environment and human health.

• All the BMW to be segregated at the point of generation

APPLICATION

These rules apply to all persons who generate, collect, receive, store, transport, treat, dispose, or handle bio-medical waste in any form includes a hospital, nursing home, clinic, dispensary, veterinary institutions, and animal house, pathological laboratory, blood bank e.t.c.

Biomedicalwaste

Non risk waste (75 to 90%)

Risk waste (10- 25%)

CATEGORIES OF BIO MEDICAL WASTE

OPTION WASTE CATEGORY TREATMENT & DISPOSALCategory No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste Incineration / deep burial

Category No. 2 Animal Waste Incineration / deep burial

Category No. 3 Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste

Local autoclaving / microwaving / incineration

Category No. 4 Waste Sharps Disinfection by chemical treatmet / atoclaving / microwaving and mutilation / shredding

Category No. 5 Discarded Medicines and Cytoxic drugs

Incineration / destruction and drugs disposal in secured landfills

Category No. 6 Solid Waste Incineration / autoclaving / microwaving

Category No. 7 Solid Waste Disinfection by chemical treatment / autoclaving / microwaving and mutilation / shredding

Category No. 8 Liquid Waste Disinfection by chemical treatment and discharge into drains.

Category No. 9 Incineration Ash Disposal in municipal landfill

Category No. 10 Chemical Waste Chemical treatment and discharge into drains for liquids and secured land for solids

Sorting Handling Interim storage Sub disposal Final disposal

WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN

COLOUR CODING AND TYPE OF CONTAINER FOR DISPOSAL OF BIOMEDICAL

WASTEColor Coding

Type of Container

WasteCategory

Treatment Options

Yellow Plastic bag Cat.1, 2,3,6 Incineration/deep burial

Red Disinfected container/Plastic bag

Cat 3,6,7 Autoclave/Microwave/ Chemical Treatment

Blue/White translucent

Puncture proofcontainer

Cat.4,7 Autoclave/Microwave/ Chemical Treatment & destruction/shredding

Black Plastic bag Cat 5,9,10 Disposal in secured landfill

Proper labeling of binsThe bins and bags should

carry the biohazard symbol indicating the nature of waste to the patients and public.

Label shall be non-washable and prominently visible

Personnel safety devicesThe use of protective gears should be made mandatory for all the

personnel handling waste.

STORAGE

In an area away from general traffic and accessible only to authorized personnel

DO NOT store for more than 48 hours

If for any reason it becomes necessary to store the waste beyond such period take measures to ensure that the waste does not adversely affect human health and environment

TRANSPORT

Transport by wheeled trolleys/containers /carts only in vehicles authorized for the purpose

They should be Easy to load and unload No sharp edges Easy to clean

Disinfect daily Trolleys ,Wheelbarrows: covered and

open, Chutes:

If a container is transported from the premises where bio-medical waste is generated to any waste treatment facility outside the premises, it should be transported in separate vehicles with proper sign of BIOHAZARD

Incineration

Burning of waste material in the presence of oxygen.

Waste volume reduction, destroying some harmful constituents.

Works at temperature (~ 400–700°C).

Drawbacktoxic products like furanes and dioxins - can cause air pollution

Non-incineration methods

1 - THERMAL PROCESSESA - Low-Heat Thermal Processes (93°C-177°C) Wet heat

(steam) disinfection - autoclave ,Dry heat (hot air) disinfection - infrared heaters.

B - Medium-Heat Thermal Processes (177°C-370°C) Chemical breakdown of organic material. Reverse polymerization using high-intensity microwave

C - High-Heat Thermal Processes (540°C-8,300°C) or higher Electrical resistance, induction, natural gas, and/or plasma energy provide the intense heat ,total destruction of the waste Significant change in the mass and volume

Non-incineration methods

2 - CHEMICAL PROCESSES

Dissolved chlorine dioxide, bleach (sodium hypochlorite), peracetic acid, or dry inorganic chemicals.

To enhance exposure of the waste to the chemical agent, chemical processes often involve shredding, grinding, or mixing.

3 - IRRADIATIVE PROCESSESElectron beams,Cobalt-60, or UV irradiation.

CONCLUSION

If we want to protect our environment and health of community we must sensitize ourselves to this important issue not only in the interest of health managers but also in the interest of community.

REFERENCE

Microbiology : An application based approach (Michael J. Pelczar,Jr. , E C S Chan, Noel R Krieg)

Textbook Of Microbiology (Ananthanarayana and Panicker) “Biomedical Waste Management” By Dr. Praveen Kumar Doddamani, Asst. Prof. ,

Dept. of Microbiology, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyd. Biomedical Waste Management Committee, Ministry of Health, Delhi

Links http://dpcc.delhigovt.nic.in/bio-medical-waste.html www.moef.nic.in (Ministry of Environment and Forest) www.cpcb.nic.in (Central Pollution Control Board)

THANK YOU