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HEALTH HAZARDS OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE &

ITS MANAGEMENT

PRESENTED BY :- DR.NAVIN KUMAR

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LET THE WASTE OF THE “SICK” NOT

CONTAMINATE THE LIVES OF

“THE HEALTHY”.

K.park

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DEFINITION

CATEGORIES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE

PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH BIOMEDICAL WASTE

NEED FOR BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

STEP TO MANAGE HAZARDOUS WASTE

TREATMENT TECHNIQUES

BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION

CONCLUSION

CONTENTS

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DEFINATION:

ANY WASTE WHICH IS GENERATED DURING THE DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT OR IMMUNIZATION OF HUMAN BEINGS OR ANIMALS OR IN RESEARCH ACTIVITIES PERTAINING THERE TO OR IN THE PRODUCTION OR TESTING OF BIO MEDICALS.

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BIOMEDICAL WASTE

HOSPITAL WASTE

INFECTIVE

SOLID LIQUID

NON-INFECTIVE

SOLID LIQUID

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HEALTHCARE WASTE CHARACTERIZATION WHO

Healthcare Waste

85% Non-infectious 10% Infectious 5% Hazardous

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CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITAL WASTE

Non-Hazardous Waste

Bio-degradable

Non bio-degradable

Potentially Infectious Waste

Dressings, swabs,

laboratory wastes,

instruments used in

patient care..

Potentially Toxic Waste

Radioactive Chemical Pharmaceutical

TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTESWASTE CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE

Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste

Category No. 2 Animal Waste

Category No. 3 Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste

Category No. 4 Waste Sharps

Category No. 5Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic drugs

Category No. 6 Soiled Waste

Category No. 7 Solid Waste

Category No. 8 Liquid Waste

Category No. 9 Incineration Ash

Category No.10 Chemical Waste

Chemical waste

Waste with high content of heavy metals

Pressurized containers

Radioactive waste

• Lab reagents• Film developer• Expired disinfectants• Expired solvents• Batteries• Broken thermometers• Blood pressure guages etc• Gas cylinders• Gas catridges• Aerosol cans• Radiotherapy/lab research liquids• Contaminated glass wares, packages,

absorbent papers9

Sharp waste

Pharmaceutical waste

Genotoxic waste

• Needles• Infusion Sets• Scalpels• Knives Blades • Broken Glass• Expired Pharmaceuticals• Contaminated Pharmaceuticals• Banned Pharmaceuticals• Waste Containing Cytotoxic

Drugs(often Used In Cancer Therapy)

• Genotoxic Chemicals

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HISTORY OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE August 13, 1987, prompted expansive closures of

numerous New Jersey and New York beaches due to

a “30-mile garbage slick” composed primarily of medical and household wastes because of illegal disposal of the waste

private waste contractors to dump illegally to avoid high fees.

Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988 (MWTA).

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NEED FOR BMW MANAGMENTNosocomial infections in patients from poor

infection control practices and poor waste management.

Drugs which have been disposed of, being repacked and sold off to unsuspecting buyers.

Risk of air, water and soil pollution directly due to waste, or due to defective incineration emissions and ash.

Risk of infection outside hospital for waste handlers and scavengers, other peoples.

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CATEGORIES OF PERSONS EXPOSED TO RISK OF INFECTION

Sanitation workers

Medical & Paramedical staff

Patients

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ROUTES OF TRANSMISSION

By ingestion (contaminated

unwashed hands, contaminated food stuffs, water etc)

Intact or non intact skin,

mucous membranes

Inhalation of dust particles

containing germs

PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH BMWORGANISM DISEASES CAUSED RELATED WASTE ITEM

VIRUSES HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A,C, Arboviruses, Enteroviruses

AIDS, Infectious Hepatitis,Infectious Hepatitis,Dengue, Japaneseencephalitis, tick-bornefevers, etc.

Infected needles, bodyFluids, Human excreta, soiled linen, Blood, body fluids.

BACTERIASalmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium Tetani, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus

Typhoid, Cholera, TetanusWound infections,septicemia, rheumaticfever, endocarditis, skinand soft tissue infections

Human excreta andbody fluid in landfills andhospital wards, Sharps such as needles, surgical blades in hospital waste.

PARASITESWucheraria Bancrofti, Plasmodium

Cutaneous leishmaniasis,Kala Azar, Malaria

Human excreta, blood andbody fluids in poorlymanaged sewage system ofhospitals.

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WASTE

IMPROPER DISPOSAL

COLLECTED BY ULB

SMALL SCRAP DEALERS

(KAWARIWALLAH)

RAG PICKERS

LANDFILLS OR DUMPING GROUNDS

WHOLESALE DEALER ORLARGE SCRAP DEALER

RECYCLE FACTORY UNITS

CONSUMER

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BIOMEDICAL WASTE

PLANNING ORGANZING IMPLEMENTING

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WASTE HIERARCHY PYRAMID

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BMWBegin a system

Make it effective

Work for its success

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OBJECTIVE OF BMW MANAGEMENT• TO MINIMIZE THE PRODUCTION/GENERATION OF

INFECTIVE WASTE.• RECYCLE THE WASTE AFTER TREATING TO THE

EXTENT POSSIBLE.• TREAT THE WASTE BY SAFE AND ENVIORNMENT

FRIENDLY/ACCEPTABLE METHODS.• ADEQUATE CARE IN HANDLING TO PREVENT

HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS.• SEFTY PRECAUTIONS DURING HANDLING THE BMW.

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COLOUR CODING OF BAGSCATEGORIES- 5,9 AND 10 (SOLID)

CATEGORIES- 3,6 AND 7

CATEGORIES- 1,2,3 AND 6

CATEGORIES- 4 AND 7

SEGREGATION

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COLOR CODE

TYPE OF CONTAINER WASTE CATEGORY

TREATMENT OPTIONS

Yellow Plastic bags 1, 2, 3 and 6 Incineration/deep burial

Red Disinfected container/plastic bag

3, 6 & 7 Autoclaving/Micro Waving/Chemical

treatment

Blue/white transparent

Plastic bags/puncture proof container

4 & 7 Autoclaving/Micro waving/chemical

treatment, Destruction & shredding

Black Plastic bag 5, & 9, AND 10 (SOLID)

Disposal in secured land fills

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INSPECTION & RE-SEGREGATION

LABEL FOR BIO-MEDICAL WASTE CONTAINERS/BAGS

Note : Label shall be non-washable and prominently visible.

HANDLE WITH CARE BIOHAZARD CYTOTOXIC

BIOHAZARD SYMBOL CYTOTOXIC HAZARD SYMBOL

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THERMAL PROCESSES

MECHANICAL PROCESSES

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INCINERATION

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BIO MEDICAL WASTES DESTRUCTION BY DOUBLE CHAMBERED INCINERATOR

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INCINERATOR ASH DISPOSAL

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AUTOCLAVE

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BIO MEDICAL PLASTIC WASTES DISINFECTION BY SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE

SHARP STORAGE & DISPOSAL

LAND DISPOSAL FACILITY FOR CITIES & TOWNS WITH POPULATION LESS THAN 5 LACS

BIO MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

THIS RULE APPLIES TO THOSE WHO GENERATE, COLLECT, RECEIVE, STORE, DISPOSE, TREAT OR HANDLE BIO MEDICAL WASTE IN ANY MANNER.

BIOMEDICAL WASTE (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING) RULE 1998, PRESCRIBED BY THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS, GOVT OF INDIA, CAME INTO FORCE ON 20TH JULY 1998.

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• THUS BIO MEDICAL WASTE SHOULD BE SEGREGATED INTO CONTAINERS/BAGS AT THE POINT OF GENERATION OF WASTE.

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UNDER ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT,1998

BIO-MEDICAL WASTE (Management & handling) RULES 1998

1st Amendment Rules vide S.O.201(E) Dated 06/03/20002ndAmendment Rules vide S.O.1069(E) Dated 17/09/2003

• THE AUTHORIZATION IS REQUIRED FOR Generation/Collection/Reception/Storage Transportation Treatment/Disposal or any other form of handling.

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ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 The Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling)

Rules, 1998 The Municipal Solid Waste (Management &

Handling) Rules, 2000 The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling)

Rules, 1989 The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,

1981

CONCLUSION• Thus refuse disposal cannot be solved without public education.• Individual participation is required.• Municipality and government should pay importance to disposal of waste economically.• Thus educating and motivating oneself first is important and then preach others about it.• Start disposing waste first from within your home, then outside home, then neighborhood ,then your street, your area ,city and then the nation and the world.• Lets make this world a better place

to live in. 45