Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.
-
Upload
juliana-pitts -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.
![Page 1: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biomechanics of the Knee
Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya
![Page 2: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Learning Objectives1. Identify the bones of the knee and describe their
characteristics which facilitate joint function2. Name the ligaments in the knee joint and describe
their function in the knee3. Identify the major flexor and extensor muscles in
the knee4. Describe molecular structure of tendons and apply
these properties to the various functions of a tendon
5. Differentiate between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis as they relate to the knee joint
![Page 3: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Bones of the knee
1. tibia2. femur3. fibula4. patella
![Page 4: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
knee joints
•tibiofemoral joint – femur and tibia
•patellofemoral joint – patella and femur
![Page 5: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Femur• specific structural characteristics of the posterior end of
the femur allow it to successfully articulate with both the tibia and the patella
• important characteristics:– medial & lateral condyles– patellar surface– intercondylar fossa
![Page 6: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Femoral Condyles• medial and lateral condyles• the condyles’ round nature allow them to
articulate smoothly with the tibial plateau
posterior view of right femur
![Page 7: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Intercondylar fossa
• posterior, deep notch between the two condyles
inferior view of right femur
![Page 8: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Patellar Surface• the central, anterior portion between
condyles is grooved
inferior view of right femur
![Page 9: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Patella• triangular shaped, sesamoid bone• anterior surface is convex, while the posterior
surface is divided into a medial and lateral facets for articulation with the femur
posterior surface of right patella
![Page 10: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Patella as a pulley
• a pulley changes the direction of an applied force
• the patella helps to support the work of the quadricep muscles during the contraction of the quadricep that allows for extension of the knee
![Page 11: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Tibia• the portion of the tibia proximal to the femur plays a
significant role in the knee joint• important characteristics:– medial and lateral condyles/plateaus– intercondyloid eminence– tibial tuberosity
anteriorview
posteriorview
![Page 12: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Tibial Plateau• medial and lateral plateaus• oval and concave in shape
![Page 13: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Intercondyloid eminence
• located between the plateaus, near the posterior end
• tubercles on either side of the eminence
• above and below are the intercondyloid fossa
![Page 14: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Tibiofemoral joint
• due to the oblique nature of the femur, the angle at which the femur and tibia come in contact is not 180°, but rather 185°
• deviation of more than 5° from this creates varied stresses on the medial and lateral components of the femur and tibia
anatomicalaxis
mechanicalaxis
![Page 15: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Cartilage of the Knee• Menisci– lateral meniscus and medial meniscus
• Articular Cartilage– located on femur, tibia, and patella
![Page 16: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Articular Cartilage
• hyaline cartilage on the articular surface of bone• located on the tibial and femoral condyles and the
posterior portion of the patella• smooth, slippery surface that allows for minimal
friction of the joint
![Page 17: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Menisci• lateral meniscus and medial meniscus are c-shaped
fibrocartilage located on top of the tibial condyles
• both together form a depression in which the femoral condyles sit
![Page 18: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Meniscus distributes stress
![Page 19: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Synovial Membrane
• blood vessels begin to diminish in the meniscus over time, which limits the nutrition required to keep it healthy
• the inner portion of the meniscus relies on the synovial fluid to gain nutrients
• also useful in maintaining joint motion
![Page 20: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ligaments in the Knee
ACL – Anterior Cruciate Ligament
PCL- Posterior Cruciate Ligament
LCL – Lateral Collateral Ligament
MCL-Medial Collateral Ligament
ACLFemur
PCL
MCLLCL
Tibia
LCL
Fibula
![Page 21: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ACL Tear In MRI test
![Page 22: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Actual ACL Tear
![Page 23: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ligament Injuries
• Three Classes of tendon injury(1, 2, 3)• Injuries to any of the ligaments are cause by– Twisting your knee with the foot planted.– Getting hit on the knee.– Extending the knee too far.– Jumping and landing on a flexed knee.– Stopping suddenly when running.– Suddenly shifting weight from one leg to the
other.
![Page 24: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Symptoms of Injured Ligaments
• Swelling• Severe Pain• Instability in Joint• Inability to load the joint• Hearing a pop sound when injured• Decreased Range of motion• Diminished Strength
![Page 25: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Testing Knee Ligaments• Lachman Test (ACL)• Piviot Shift Maneuvor (ACL)• Opposite of Lachman Test (PCL)• Valgus Stress Test (MCL)• Varus Stress Test (LCL)• MRI• Xrays• Testing Range of Motion• Testing Strength of Quad
![Page 26: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Treatment Options• Physical Therapy-rebuild knee strength, allow
for ligament to heal on its own• Arthroscopic Surgery- Remove torn tissue, and
stitch ligament back together• Orthopedic Surgery – Removal of torn
ligament(s) and replaced by a new one.– Patella Tendon– Hamstring Tendon– Cadaver
![Page 27: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Orthopedic Surgery For The ACL• First the knee is probed to check knee joint• Torn ACL is removed by an electric shaver• Remove some femoral bone– Place graph in the correct position
• Drill to create the Femoral Tunnel• Drill Tibial Tunnel into the joint• ACL graft is then passed through Tibial tunnel up
through the femoral tunnel using a suture• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PjL7-tIsQhw• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q96M0jRqn7
k
![Page 29: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Muscles of the Knee
• Considered a mechanically weak joint• Multiple muscles cross the knee joint but we
are primarily concerned with the main flexors/extensors.
• Extensors – Quadriceps • Flexors – Hamstrings• Secondary functions are rotation and
adduction/abduction leg• Two joint muscles
![Page 30: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Major Muscle Groups
http://www.medicalook.com/human_anatomy/organs/Muscles_involved_in_knee_motion.html
![Page 31: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Extensors (Quadriceps)
http://www.floota.com/quadricepsstretch.html
![Page 32: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Quadriceps (cont.)
Rectus Femoris
![Page 33: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Force Modeling
http://www.slideshare.net/SubhanjanDas/knee-biomechanics
• For modeling these 4 muscles (RF, VL, VI, VM) can be represented by a single upward force
• All 4 are controlled by the femoral nerve
![Page 34: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Additional Extensors
• Muscles do not need to cross a joint to be involved in joint motion
• The soleus (calf) and gluteus maximus can help extend when foot is on the ground
![Page 35: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Flexors (Hamstrings)
• http://wavesport.ning.com/profiles/blogs/a-paddler-s-pelvis
![Page 36: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Hamstrings (cont.)
![Page 37: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Additional Flexors
• Satorius• Longest muscle in the body• Responsible for rotating knee after
flexion
• Gracilis– Most superficial muscle on medial
side of the knee
• Popliteus • Responsible for locking the knee
![Page 38: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Sit-to-Stand Motion
• Lombard’s Paradox– What is it?– How is it explained?
• Muscles cannot develop different amounts of force in their different parts
THE ACTION OF TWO-JOINT MUSCLES: THE LEGACY OF W. P. LOMBARD
![Page 39: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Quad and Hamstring Injuries
• Rectus Femoris is most susceptible because it is in contact with the femur throughout its length
• The muscle is more resistant to injury if it is struck while in a contracted non-fatigued state.
• Hamstring injuries often caused by abrupt stops or starts
A
![Page 40: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
What are Tendons?Tendons are bundles or bands of strong fibers that attach muscles to bones
![Page 41: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Knee Tendoncies
Tendons associated with the knee joint include:
![Page 43: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Anterior View
![Page 44: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Posterior View
![Page 45: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Medial View of Right Knee
![Page 46: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Lateral View of Right Knee
![Page 47: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Tendon Injuries and Disorders
The three main types of tendon injuries and disorders are:•Tendinitis and ruptured tendons•Osgood-Schlatter disease•Iliotibial band syndrome
Treatment for tendon injuries and disorders include:•Rest•Ice•Elevation•Medicines such as aspirin or ibuprofen to relieve pain and reduce swelling•Limiting sports activity•Exercise for stretching and strengthening•A cast, if there is a partial tear•Surgery for complete tears or very severe injuries.
![Page 48: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Tendinitis and Jumper’s Knee
![Page 49: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
![Page 50: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
http://www.aidmybursa.com/bursitis/bursitis-information.php
Inflammatory Conditions of the Knee Joint
http://www.eorthopod.com/sites/default/files/images/knee_prepatellar_intro01.jpg
1. Bursitis2. Tendonitis3. Synovitis
![Page 52: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Treating Inflammatory Conditions
http://www.kelseypro.com/Vaso/Synovectomy_knee_dyn.jpg http://www.eorthopod.com/sites/default/files/images/knee_prepatellar_intro01.jpg
R.I.C.E.Steroid InjectionsAnalgesicsSurgery in Severe Cases
![Page 53: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
http://www.barc.org.uk/arthritis/rheumatoid/index.html
Forms of Arthritis Affecting the Knee Joint1. Osteoarthritis2. Rheumatoid Arthritis3. Post-traumatic Arthritis
![Page 54: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00389
Osteoarthritis in the Knee Joint
![Page 55: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
http://www.lurj.org/article.php/vol2n1/arthritis.xml http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00389
Rheumatoid Arthritis Osteoarthritis
![Page 56: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Treating Arthritic Conditions
• Osteoarthritis– Rest– Analgesics– Steroid Injections– Decreased Use– Knee Replacement
surgery as a last resort
• Rheumatoid Arthritis– Analgesics– Physical Exercise– Surgery to remove
damaged synovial fluid when caught early
– Knee Replacement surgery as a last resort
![Page 57: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfmtopic=a00389
Knee Replacement- Knee Arthroscopy
http://www.healthline.com/health/total-knee-replacement-surgery/statistics-infographic
![Page 58: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/health_tools/knee_replacement_slideshow/agefoto_rf_photo_of_knee_replacement_compnents.jpg
Components of the Knee Replacement
1. Metal Femoral Component2. Metal Tibial Component3. Plastic Patellar Component4. Plastic Articulating Spacer
http://www.hss.edu/conditions_arthritis-of-the-knee-total-knee-replacement.asp
![Page 59: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfmtopic=a00389
Components of the Knee Replacement
![Page 60: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Different Types of Materials Used
• Stainless Steel• Cobalt-chromium Alloys• Titanium and Titanium Alloys• Uncemented implants• Tantalum• Polyethylene• Zirconium
http://bonesmart.org/knee/knee-replacement-implant-materials/
![Page 61: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Pros and Cons
http://sentarainfo.com/today/2012/02/the-sounds-of-caring/http://arthritiskerala.com/disease-treatment.php?id=7
•6.1% of patients experience a complication during the hospital stay•7.5% experience a complication within 90 days of the procedure•Revision rates
•0.2% within 90 days•3.7% within 18 months•6% after 5 years•12% after 10 years
http://www.healthline.com/health/total-knee-replacement-surgery/statistics-infographic
•Minimally invasive•80% of current knee replacements last for up to 20 years•Greatly improve knee functioning and restore a good quality of life•90% of patients experience a radical decrease in pain
![Page 62: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Problem!• Givens: Quadriceps tendon is inserted on the tibia 5 cm
from the knee joint, and is at a 30deg angle. Weight of the lower leg Is 48 N. Center of gravity of the lower leg is 0.20 m from the knee joint.
1.Determine Fquad required to hold the lower leg in static equilibrium
2.Determine the joint reaction force of the femur
![Page 63: Biomechanics of the Knee Meagan Carnes, Kevin Chico, John Paul Dumas, Tanner Jones and Amy Loya.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/56649cd75503460f9499e9dc/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
48 N
T30°
Fquad
Rx
Ry