Biology: Concepts and Connections - testbankscafe.eutestbankscafe.eu/sample/Test Bank for Biology...

Test Bank to Accompany

Biology: Concepts and Connections

Fifth Edition

by

Campbell

Benjamin Cummings

c.2006 2/21/2005

Full file at http://TestbanksCafe.eu/Test-Bank-for-Biology-Concepts-and-Connections-Media-Update-5th-Edition-Campbell

Contents Chapter 1 Introduction: The Scientific Study of Life....................................................1 Chapter 2 The Chemical Basis of Life ........................................................................11 Chapter 3 The Molecules of Cells...............................................................................28 Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell.......................................................................................45 Chapter 5 The Working Cell .......................................................................................64 Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy .........................................................85 Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food..............................................104 Chapter 8 The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance................................123 Chapter 9 Patterns of Inheritance ..............................................................................138 Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene ...............................................................154 Chapter 11 The Control of Gene Expression ..............................................................172 Chapter 12 DNA Technology and the Human Genome..............................................186 Chapter 13 How Populations Evolve ..........................................................................199 Chapter 14 The Origin of Species ...............................................................................216 Chapter 15 Tracing Evolutionary History ...................................................................232 Chapter 16 The Origin and Evolution of Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists ...244 Chapter 17 Plants, Fungi, and the Colonization of Land ............................................265 Chapter 18 The Evolution of Animal Diversity ..........................................................281 Chapter 19 Human Evolution......................................................................................300 Chapter 20 Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function .............................313 Chapter 21 Nutrition and Digestion ............................................................................327 Chapter 22 Respiration: The Exchange of Gases........................................................344 Chapter 23 Circulation ................................................................................................357 Chapter 24 The Immune System.................................................................................371 Chapter 25 Control of the Internal Environment.........................................................386 Chapter 26 Chemical Regulation ................................................................................398 Chapter 27 Reproduction and Embryonic Development ............................................410 Chapter 28 Nervous Systems ......................................................................................429 Chapter 29 The Senses ................................................................................................447 Chapter 30 How Animals Move..................................................................................461 Chapter 31 Plant Structure, Reproduction, and Development ....................................476 Chapter 32 Plant Nutrition and Transport ...................................................................493 Chapter 33 Control Systems in Plants.........................................................................508 Chapter 34 The Biosphere: An Introduction to Earth's Diverse Environments ..........522 Chapter 35 Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment.............................................537 Chapter 36 Population Dynamics................................................................................554 Chapter 37 Communities and Ecosystems ..................................................................568 Chapter 38 Conservation Biology ...............................................................................584


http://TestbanksCafe.eu/Test-Bank-for-Biology-Concepts-and-Connections-Media-Update-5th-Edition-Campbell

Chapter 1 Introduction: The Scientific Study of Life

Multiple Choice Questions

1) Which one of the following statements about brown pelicans is false? Brown pelicans

A) are scavengers, feeding slowly by skimming up floating remains of fish.

B) can nest on the ground or in the trees.

C) feed primarily on fish.

D) were declared an endangered species in 1970.

E) were greatly affected by human use of pesticides.

Answer: ATopic: IntroductionSkill: Factual Recall

2) Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which one of the following sequences illustratesthat hierarchy as it increases in complexity?

A) ecosystem, population, organ system, cell, community, molecule, organ, organism, tissue

B) cell, molecule, organ system, organ, population, tissue, organism, ecosystem, community

C) organism, organ system, tissue, population, organ, community, cell, ecosystem, molecule

D) molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem

E) ecosystem, molecule, cell, tissue, organism, organ system, organ, community

Answer: DTopic: 1.1Skill: Factual Recall

3) The tree in your backyard is home to two cardinals, a colony of ants, a wasp's nest, twosquirrels, and millions of bacteria. Together, all of these organisms represent

A) a species.

B) a community.

C) a population.

D) an ecosystem.

E) the biosphere.

Answer: BTopic: 1.1Skill: Application

Biology: Concepts and Connections, 5/e 1



4) If you eat a hamburger, you are mainly eating ground-up beef muscle. What levels oforganization are represented in this ground-up muscle?

A) organism, population, and community

B) organ, organ system, and organism

C) community, ecosystem, and biosphere

D) organelle, cell, and tissue

E) tissue, organ, and organ system

Answer: ATopic: 1.1Skill: Application

5) Which of the following statements about ecosystems is false?

A) The "web of relationships" within an ecosystem includes the nonliving components of theenvironment.

B) Bacteria and fungi recycle energy within an ecosystem.

C) Plants and other photosynthetic organisms are producers in ecosystems.

D) Chemical nutrients cycle within an ecosystem's structural web.

E) In the process of energy conversions within an ecosystem, energy is eventually convertedto heat.

Answer: BTopic: 1.2Skill: Factual Recall

6) The ultimate source of energy flowing into nearly all ecosystems is

A) wind.

B) sunlight.

C) electricity.

D) geothermal vents.

E) radioactivity.

Answer: BTopic: 1.2Skill: Conceptual Understanding

7) A consumer eating a producer represents

A) a transfer of chemical nutrients and energy.

B) a transfer of chemical nutrients but not a transfer of energy.

C) a transfer of energy but not a transfer of chemical nutrients.

D) neither a transfer of chemical nutrients nor a transfer of energy.

Answer: ATopic: 1.2Skill: Conceptual Understanding

2 Chapter 1: Introduction: The Scientific Study of Life



8) Which of the following, if any, is not a common cellular activity?

A) Cells respond to the environment.

B) Cells develop and maintain complex organization.

C) Cells take in and use energy.

D) Cells regulate their internal environment.

E) All of the choices are common cellular activities.

Answer: ETopic: 1.3Skill: Factual Recall

9) The formation of systems typically results in the appearance of novel characteristics called

A) emergent properties.

B) negentropic domains.

C) disengaged traits.

D) reoccurring phenomena.

E) None of the choices are correct.


10) Your instructor asks you to look into your microscope to see a prokaryotic cell. You will belooking for a cell that

A) has a nucleus.

B) has a membrane.

C) makes up most of the tissues of your body.

D) is much larger than most cells in your body.

E) does not use DNA to code genetic information.


11) Which of the following is/are properties of life?

A) a complex organization

B) the ability to take in energy and use it

C) the ability to respond to stimuli from the environment

D) the ability to reproduce

E) All of the choices are correct.





12) Which one of the following statements is correct?

A) Genes are proteins that produce DNA.

B) Each organism has its own unique DNA code.

C) DNA relies upon five different building blocks as the alphabet of inheritance.

D) Differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNA.

E) Each DNA molecule is a single strand of nucleotides.


13) Which one of the following is false? Living systems

A) are composed of two or more cells.

B) maintain a relatively consistent internal environment.

C) respond to changes in the environment.

D) encode their genetic information in DNA.

E) grow and develop.


14) Members of the Kingdom Animalia

A) can obtain their food either by absorption or by photosynthesis.

B) are composed of cells that lack a cell wall.

C) are composed of cells that are surrounded by a cell wall.

D) are composed of cells that lack a cell membrane.

E) are composed of cells that are surrounded by a cell wall and that lack a cell membrane.


15) Organisms that are not prokaryotes are in the Domain

A) Bacteria.

B) Plantae.

C) Eukarya.

D) Archaea.

E) Fungi.

Answer: CTopic: 1.5Skill: Factual Recall




16) Which one of the following is a kingdom within the Domain Eukarya?

A) Viruses

B) Monera

C) Fungi

D) Archaea

E) Bacteria


17) Organisms belonging to the Kingdom Plantae

A) are photosynthetic.

B) contain cells that are surrounded by cell walls.

C) are all unicellular.

D) lack a nucleus.

E) are photosynthetic and contain cells that are surrounded by cell walls.


18) Members of the Kingdom Fungi

A) include the mushrooms.

B) include the yeasts.

C) decompose the remains of dead organisms and absorb nutrients from the leftovers.

D) include the mushrooms and yeasts, and decompose the remains of dead organisms andabsorb nutrients from the leftovers.

E) use photosynthesis to produce their own food.


19) Which one of the following statements is true of the Domain Bacteria?

A) All bacteria are "animal-like" in that they eat other organisms.

B) All bacteria have a membrane-bound nucleus.

C) All bacteria are multicellular organisms.

D) All bacteria lack a nucleus.

E) All bacteria are "animal-like" in that they eat other organisms and all bacteria have amembrane-bound nucleus.





20) A scientist examining a group of cells under the microscope notices the presence of nucleiwithin these cells. Chemical tests reveal that each cell is surrounded by a wall composed ofcellulose. These cells must come from an organism that is a member of the Kingdom

A) Monera.

B) Protista.

C) Plantae.

D) Fungi.

E) Animalia.

Answer: CTopic: 1.5Skill: Application

21) Which one of the following observations would provide the strongest evidence that the manydifferent plants we call orchids are actually related to one another?

A) The flowers have the same shape of petals.

B) They all produce small seeds.

C) None of them can grow without the presence of a specific type of fungus.

D) They all have the same common ancestor.

E) They all attract insect pollinators.

Answer: DTopic: 1.6Skill: Conceptual Understanding

22) The teeth of grain-eating animals (such as horses) are usually broad and ridged. This makesthem suitable for grinding and chewing. Meat-eating animals (such as lions) have pointedteeth that are good for puncturing and ripping flesh. This illustrates

A) a result of natural selection.

B) the connection between form and function.

C) a food web.

D) that natural selection is not necessary in animals.

E) a result of natural selection and the connection between form and function.

Answer: ETopic: 1.6Skill: Application




23) Which one of the following statements is not consistent with Darwin's mechanism of naturalselection?

A) Individuals in a population exhibit variations, some of which are heritable.

B) Individual organisms exhibit genetic change during their life spans to better fit theirenvironment.

C) Factors in the environment result in some organisms with better reproductive successthan others.

D) Natural selection is based in part on the overproduction of offspring.

E) Natural selection can lead to the appearance of new species.


24) Evolution by natural selection relies upon

A) heritable variation.

B) overproduction of offspring.

C) a struggle for existence.

D) individual variation.



25) An antibiotic kills 99.9% of a bacterial population. You would expect the next generation ofbacteria

A) to be just as susceptible to that antibiotic as was the previous generation.

B) to be more resistant to that antibiotic.

C) to die out due to the drastic decrease in population size.

D) to be more contagious than the prior generation.



26) Which of the following is/are true?

A) Individuals evolve.

B) Organisms evolve structures because of need.

C) Evolution is deliberate and purposeful.

D) Evolution is a passive process.

E) All of the choices are true.





27) Consider the following statement: "If all vertebrates have backbones, and turtles arevertebrates, then turtles have backbones." This statement is an example of

A) a hypothesis.

B) discovery science logic.

C) rationalization.

D) deductive reasoning.

E) inductive reasoning.


28) A hypothesis is

A) the same as a theory.

B) a tentative answer to some question.

C) an explanatory idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence.

D) a widely accepted idea about a phenomenon.

E) a widely accepted theory that is broad in scope and supported by a large body ofevidence.


29) If a light switch is moved from the "off" to the "on" position, then the light will go on. Thisstatement

A) is the result of deductive reasoning.

B) is a conclusion.

C) can be tested.

D) can be falsified.


Answer: ETopic: 1.7Skill: Conceptual Understanding




30) You notice that over the past month, many students have started wearing a new style of schoolsweatshirt. You think to yourself, maybe the bookstore recently started selling this newsweatshirt style. This prediction is

A) an example of an experimental question.

B) a type of observation.

C) an example of a hypothesis.

D) an experiment.

E) a type of control.

Answer: CTopic: 1.7Skill: Conceptual Understanding

31) The role of a control in an experiment is to

A) provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group.

B) prove that a hypothesis is correct.

C) ensure repeatability.

D) prove that a hypothesis is correct and ensure repeatability.



32) To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be

A) phrased as a question.

B) based on faith.

C) testable.

D) falsifiable.

E) testable and falsifiable.

Answer: ETopic: 1.8Skill: Conceptual Understanding

33) A scientist performs a controlled experiment. This means that

A) the experiment is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate.

B) the experiment proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefullyobserve all reactions and process all experimental data.

C) two experiments are conducted, one differing from the other by only a single variable.

D) two experiments are conducted, one differing from the other by two or more variables.

E) one experiment is performed, but the scientist controls the variables.





34) Which of the following best represents an example of technology?

A) figuring out what mountain gorillas eat

B) sequencing the human genome

C) testing for genetic diseases

D) comparing the structure of a human and gorilla arm

E) identifying the cause of a new contagious disease


Media Activity Questions

1) What is the difference between a tissue and an organ system?

A) The tissue level of organization is more inclusive than the organ system level.

B) Tissues are not composed of cells; organ systems are composed of cells.

C) A tissue cannot exist unless it is a component of an organ system, whereas an organsystem can exist independently of tissues.

D) An organ system includes tissues.

E) Tissues are not considered to be living; organ systems are considered to be living.

Answer: DTopic: Web/CD Activity 1ASkill: Factual Recall

2) What feature is common to prokaryotes, fungi, and plants?

A) a nucleus

B) single cells

C) at one time, membership in the kingdom Monera

D) cell walls

E) photosynthesis

Answer: DTopic: Web/CD Activity 1BSkill: Factual Recall




Chapter 2 The Chemical Basis of Life

Multiple Choice Questions

1) Which one of the following statements is false about the noxious alkaloid chemical used byrattlebox moths?

A) The chemical originally comes from a plant eaten by the rattlebox moth caterpillar.

B) Only males obtain the chemical from plants.

C) During mating, males transfer to the female an extra dose of the chemical.

D) During the courtship dance, males release into the air puffs of a chemical derived from thealkaloid to help a female assess how much alkaloid he has.


Answer: BTopic: IntroductionSkill: Factual Recall

2) Which one of the following is not a trace element in the human body?

A) fluorine

B) nitrogen

C) zinc

D) manganese

E) iodine

Answer: BTopic: IntroductionSkill: Factual Recall

3) The four most common elements in living organisms are

A) C, H, O, Fe.

B) C, H, O, Na.

C) C, H, O, N.

D) C, N, O, Na.

E) Fe, N, O, Ca.

Answer: CTopic: IntroductionSkill: Factual Recall




4) Matter

A) is what life is composed of.

B) occupies space.

C) has mass.

D) is composed of elements.


Answer: ETopic: IntroductionSkill: Factual Recall

5) Which one of the following is added to water in some communities to reduce tooth decay?

A) nitrogen

B) sodium

C) chlorine

D) potassium

E) fluoride


6) Which one of the following is commonly added to table salt to prevent the formationof goiters?

A) iodine

B) iron

C) calcium

D) magnesium

E) fluoride

Answer: ATopic: 2.2Skill: Factual Recall

7) In the equation 2 H2 + O2 ¬ 2 H2O,

A) H2, O2, and H2O are all compounds.

B) H2, O2, and H2O are all elements.

C) only H2O is a compound.

D) only H2 and O2 are compounds.

E) H2, O2, and H2O are all trace elements.


12 Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life



8) A compound

A) is a pure element.

B) is less common than a pure element.

C) contains two or more elements in a fixed ratio.

D) is exemplified by sodium.

E) is a solution.


9) The nucleus of an atom contains

A) protons and neutrons.

B) protons and electrons.

C) only neutrons.

D) only protons.

E) only electrons.


10) Electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in the same way that

A) insects fly around a bright lamp at night.

B) cars are parked along the sides of a street.

C) boats cross a lake.

D) people pass each other along a sidewalk.

E) birds migrate to a new winter home.


11) The sodium atom contains 11 electrons, 11 protons, and 12 neutrons. What is the mass numberof sodium?

A) 0

B) 11

C) 22

D) 23

E) 34





12) The atomic number of an atom is

A) the number of protons in the atom.

B) the number of electrons in the atom.

C) the number of neutrons in the atom.

D) the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in the atom.

E) the net electrical charge of the atom.


13) Typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of seven electrons, seven protons, and seven neutrons.An isotope of nitrogen could

A) be positively charged.

B) be negatively charged.

C) have more than seven electrons and more than seven protons.

D) have more than seven protons.

E) have more than seven neutrons.


14) A radioactive isotope is one that

A) is stable.

B) decays.

C) has more protons than the common variant of the element.

D) has more electrons than the common variant of the element.

E) has the same atomic mass, but a different atomic number than the common variant of theelement.





15) Which of the following statements about radioactive isotopes is/are true?

A) The nuclei of radioactive isotopes are unusually stable, but the atoms tend to loseelectrons.

B) When given a choice between radioactive and nonradioactive isotopes of the sameatom, living cells are more likely to incorporate the radioactive isotopes into theirstructures.

C) The tracers typically used for diagnosing medical problems remain radioactive in thebody for a number of years, but give off very low levels of radioactive energy.

D) The energy emitted by radioactive isotopes can break chemical bonds and cause moleculardamage in cells.



16) Radioactive isotopes

A) are frequently added to foods as nutritional supplements.

B) can be used in conjunction with PET scans to diagnose a patient.

C) have no effect on living tissue.

D) do not occur naturally.

E) are never incorporated into organic compounds.


17) When full, the innermost electron shell of an atom contains __________ electrons, and theoutermost shell contains __________ electrons.

A) 2 . . . 2

B) 2 . . . 8

C) 4 . . . 8

D) 8 . . . 2

E) 8 . . . 8





18) The farther an electron is from the nucleus, the

A) greater its energy.

B) lower the atomic number.

C) more unstable the isotope.

D) more likely it is to be radioactive.

E) more inert the atom.


19) Table salt is formed when

A) chlorine gives an electron to sodium.

B) a hydrogen bond forms between sodium and chlorine.

C) sodium and chlorine share electrons to form a bond.

D) sodium crystals combine with chlorine crystals.

E) None of the statements are true.


20) The body uses atoms in different ways to accomplish different tasks. For example, one portionof the body's calcium supply strengthens bones, whereas another portion combines withproteins to stimulate blood clotting after tissue injury. Which of the statements below providesthe most logical chemical explanation of calcium's ability to perform such different functions?

A) The bone contains calcium salts, which are less reactive than the calcium ions found in theblood.

B) The calcium in blood is a more reactive form of the atom and therefore has fewer protonsthan the calcium in bone.

C) There are many different isotopes of calcium, and the most reactive isotope is found in thebone.

D) The calcium in blood has a lighter atomic mass than the calcium in bone and is in a morereactive form.

E) The calcium in blood has fewer protons, is a more reactive form of the atom, and has alighter atomic mass than the calcium in bone.





21) Medicines are often administered in pill form. In many cases, the active ingredient of the pill(the drug) is joined to another substance by __________. This forms a(n) __________, which isstable in the dry environment of a pill bottle but dissociates under the wet conditions of thedigestive system to release the drug to the body.

A) ionic bonds . . . salt

B) hydrogen bonds . . . base

C) ionic bonds . . . acid

D) covalent bonds . . . salt

E) polar covalent bonds . . . acid or base (depending on the drug)


22) A(n) __________ forms when two atoms share electrons.

A) ion

B) element

C) covalent bond

D) ionic bond

E) hydrogen bond


23) What is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding?

A) In a covalent bond, the partners have identical electronegativity; in an ionic bond, one ofthem is more electronegative.

B) In a covalent bond, the partners share a pair of electrons; in an ionic bond, one partnercaptures an electron from the other.

C) In covalent bonding, both partners end up with filled outer electron shells; in ionicbonding, one partner does and the other does not.

D) Covalent bonding involves only the outer electron shell; ionic bonding also involves thenext inner electron shell.

E) Covalent bonds form between atoms of the same element; ionic bonds, between atoms ofdifferent elements.





24) The oxygen atom of a water molecule

A) is more positively charged than the hydrogen atoms.

B) attracts electrons less strongly than the hydrogen atoms.

C) is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms.

D) is electrically neutral.

E) is attracted to the negatively charged atoms of other molecules.


25) Many fabrics are coated with a "water-repellent" chemical that causes water to bead on thefabric instead of soaking in. This probably occurs because

A) the coating has positive charges that repel the positively charged ends of the watermolecules.

B) the coating has negative charges that repel the negatively charged ends of the watermolecules.

C) the coating is neutral, and therefore repels water, which is also neutral.

D) the coating is neutral and repels the positive and negative ends of the water molecules.

E) the coating has positive charges that repel the positively charged ends of the watermolecules and also has negative charges that repel the negatively charged ends of thewater molecules.

Answer: DTopic: 2.9Skill: Application

26) A water molecule (H-O-H) is held together by

A) an ionic bond.

B) a single covalent bond.

C) a double covalent bond.

D) a polar covalent bond.

E) hydrogen bonds.





27) The hydrogen atoms of a water molecule are bonded to the oxygen atom by __________ bonds,whereas neighboring water molecules are held together by __________ bonds.

A) hydrogen . . . ionic

B) hydrogen . . . polar covalent

C) polar covalent . . . hydrogen

D) ionic . . . covalent

E) polar covalent . . . ionic

Answer: CTopic: 2.9, 2.10Skill: Factual Recall

28) __________ are weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to formmolecules but are strong enough to form bridges between molecules.

A) Ionic bonds

B) Covalent bonds

C) Polar covalent bonds

D) Hydrogen bonds

E) Anionic bonds


29) Water molecules stick to other water molecules because

A) water molecules are neutral, and neutral molecules are attracted to each other.

B) hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygenatoms of other water molecules.

C) covalent bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygenatoms of other water molecules.

D) the hydrogen atoms of adjacent water molecules are attracted to one another.

E) the oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules are attracted to one another.


30) After turning the water off at the end of a shower, water still clings to your body because of

A) water's versatility as a solvent.

B) cohesion.

C) adhesion.

D) evaporative cooling.






31) The ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules is critical to

A) evaporative cooling of skin surfaces.

B) the movement of water from the roots of a tree to its leaves.

C) the milder temperatures of coastal regions compared to inland areas.

D) the ability of certain insects to walk on the surface of water.

E) all of these factors.

Answer: ETopic: 2.11, 2.12Skill: Conceptual Understanding

32) As ice melts,

A) hydrogen bonds are broken.

B) water molecules become less tightly packed.

C) the water becomes less dense.

D) covalent bonds form.


Answer: ATopic: 2.12, 2.13Skill: Conceptual Understanding

33) The temperature of evaporation is much higher for water than for alcohol. Without knowingmore about the chemistry of alcohol, which of the following is the most logical chemicalexplanation for this phenomenon?

A) Ionic bonds form between alcohol molecules. These are the weakest type of bond and areeasier to break than the hydrogen bonds between water molecules.

B) Alcohol has a higher surface tension than water. This means that alcohol molecules caneasily break away from other alcohol molecules and evaporate at a lower temperature.

C) Alcohol molecules are more cohesive than water molecules. This means that as alcoholmolecules evaporate, they pull other alcohol molecules into the air along with them.

D) Fewer hydrogen bonds form between alcohol molecules. As a result, less heat is neededfor alcohol molecules to break away from solution and enter the air.

E) None of the choices is a logical chemical explanation for this phenomenon.

Answer: DTopic: 2.12, 2.13Skill: Application




34) Which one of the following statements about water is false?

A) Ice is less dense than liquid water.

B) The hydrogen bonds in ice are less stable than the hydrogen bonds in liquid water.

C) Water naturally exists in all three physical states on Earth.

D) Floating ice on a pond insulates the liquid water below, slowing its rate of freezing.

E) If ice sank, the oceans would eventually freeze solid.


35) You've made a hot drink by dissolving a teaspoon of instant coffee and a teaspoon of sugar ina cup of hot water. Which of the following is/are true?

A) You've just prepared an aqueous solution.

B) The water is the solute portion of the drink.

C) The instant coffee and sugar are solvents.

D) The instant coffee and sugar dissolve because they have no electropositive orelectronegative regions to repel the electropositive and electronegative regions of thewater molecules.



36) Which of the following is not related to the ability of NaCl to dissolve in water?

A) The atoms of this salt are held together by ionic bonds.

B) Water is a polar compound.

C) Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are weaker than the hydrogen bonds betweensodium and water or between chloride and water.

D) Ionic bonds tend to dissociate in water.

E) Positively charged substances are attracted to negatively charged substances.


37) A solute is

A) the dissolving agent of a solution.

B) the liquid portion of a solution.

C) usually water in living cells.

D) the substance that is dissolved in solution.

E) the dissolving agent of a solution which is usually oxygen in living cells.





38) A pharmaceutical company hires a chemist to analyze the purity of the water being used in itsdrug preparations. If the water is pure, the chemist would expect to find

A) only molecules of H2O.

B) H2O molecules and H+ ions.

C) H2O molecules and OH- ions.

D) H2O molecules, H+ ions, and OH- ions.

E) only H+ ions and OH- ions.


39) Bases

A) donate H+ ions to solutions.

B) accept H+ ions from solutions.

C) donate OH- ions to solutions.

D) accept OH- ions from solutions.

E) either accept H+ ions from solutions or donate OH- ions to solutions.


40) A solution with a pH of 7 is

A) strongly acidic.

B) weakly acidic.

C) neutral.

D) weakly basic.

E) strongly basic.


41) Compared to a solution of pH 3, a solution of pH 1 is

A) 100 times more acidic.

B) 10 times more acidic.

C) neutral.

D) 10 times more basic.

E) 100 times more basic.





42) Which of the following statements about pH is/are true?

A) The pH scale is a measure of oxygen ion concentration.

B) A single unit change on the pH scale is equivalent to a 1% change in hydrogen ionconcentration.

C) An increase in hydrogen ion concentration means a decrease in pH scale units.

D) Basic pH levels are less than 7.

E) The pH of solutions inside most cells is close to 9.0.


43) Household ammonia has a pH of 12; household bleach has a pH of 13. Which of the followingstatements is true?

A) Both of these substances are strong acids.

B) The ammonia has 10 times as many OH- ions as the bleach.

C) The ammonia has 10 times as many H+ ions as the bleach.

D) A solution that could buffer the bleach and ammonia would remove excess OH- ions.

E) The ammonia has 10 times as many OH- ions as the bleach and a solution that couldbuffer the bleach and ammonia would remove excess OH- ions.


44) A buffer

A) is an acid that is used to offset overly basic conditions in the body.

B) is a base that is used to offset overly acidic conditions in the body.

C) donates OH- ions when conditions become too acidic and accepts OH- ions whenconditions become too basic.

D) donates H+ ions when conditions become too basic and accepts H+ ions when conditionsbecome too acidic.

E) donates OH- ions when conditions become too basic and accepts OH- ions whenconditions become too acidic.





45) Acid precipitation

A) is most damaging in winter, when the acids in the snow remain in prolonged contact withdelicate vegetation.

B) is defined as rain having a pH above 7.4.

C) damages natural wilderness areas, but does little or no damage in towns and cities.

D) is primarily the result of burning rain forest timber.

E) None of the above are true.


46) The emission of __________ and __________ are primarily responsible for acid precipitation.

A) carbon dioxide . . . methane

B) CFCs . . . bromides

C) nitrogen oxides . . . sulfur oxides

D) halones . . . CFCs

E) carbon dioxide . . . ozone


47) What can each of us do to decrease the production of acid precipitation? We can

A) drive more fuel-efficient automobiles.

B) decrease our consumption of coal-generated electricity.

C) encourage the use of alternative energy resources such as solar, wind, and geothermalenergy.

D) whenever possible, walk or ride a bicycle instead of driving a car.

E) All of the choices are ways to decrease the production of acid precipitation.

Answer: ETopic: 2.16Skill: Application

48) In the equation 2 H2 + O2 ¬ 2 H2O, the H2 molecules are __________ and the H2O moleculesare __________.

A) reactants . . . products

B) products . . . reactants

C) reactants . . . reactants

D) products . . . products






49) Which of the following is not a characteristic of chemical reactions?

A) Chemical reactions involve the making and breaking of chemical bonds.

B) Some chemical reactions create electrons; others destroy them.

C) The atoms of the reactants are exactly the same as the atoms of the products.

D) The reactants contain the same number of atoms as the products.

E) Although the atoms of a reaction's reactants and products are identical to each other, theirmolecular formulae differ.


50) When beta-carotene (C40H56) combines with oxygen (O2) and four hydrogens (4 H), twomolecules of vitamin A are formed. Which of the following statements is/are true?

A) Each of the vitamin A molecules contains 20 carbon atoms.

B) Each of the vitamin A molecules contains 2 oxygen atoms.

C) Beta-carotene is one of the products of the reaction.

D) The vitamin A molecules are the reactants.

E) All of the statements are true.


Media Activity Questions

1) What is the atomic mass of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons?

A) 6

B) 8

C) +1

D) 12

E) 18

Answer: DTopic: Web/CD Activity 2BSkill: Factual Recall




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