Biology AHSGE: Standard XV Biomes of the World. Biomes and Native Organisms CONTENT STANDARD 15....
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Transcript of Biology AHSGE: Standard XV Biomes of the World. Biomes and Native Organisms CONTENT STANDARD 15....
Biology AHSGE: Standard XVBiomes of the World
Biomes and Native Organisms
CONTENT STANDARD 15. Identify biomes based on environmental factors and native organisms.
ELIGIBLE CONTENTA. Identify terrestrial biomes including the tundra,
desert, rainforest, grassland, taiga (coniferous forest), and the temperate deciduous forest.
B. Identify the aquatic biomes including freshwater and marine.
C. Identify terrestrial and aquatic biomes based on the rainfall and temperature characteristics.
What is a biome?Largest geographic biotic unit, a major community of plants and animals with similar life forms and environmental conditions.
How are biomes formed?•Distributed across the Earth based primarily on climate. •Similar climate = similar biomes
•Latitude affects climate•The farther north or south of the equator, the colder the temperature
•Elevation affects climate• The higher, the colder.
•Elevation and latitude often similar
How many terrestrial biomes are there?
Terrestrial Biomes
• Tropical Rainforest• Tropical Savanna• Desert• Chaparral• Grassland• Temperate Deciduous Forest• Temperate Boreal Forest• Tundra
Some disagreement among scientists,most agree on these:
Native Species
• Indigenous- Naturally from an area– Characteristic of an ecosystem– Keystone species- Organism that is vital to an ecosystem
• Without it, ecosystem would fail• Examples:
– Beavers- create ponds, streams or swamps– Otters- control sea urchin populations in kelp beds– Grizzly bears- provide nourishment to forest floor with salmon
carcasses– Elephants- transform landscape to make more accessible– Prairie dogs and gopher tortoises- Dig burrows and tunnels other
animals use
Tropical Rainforest• Near the equator• More than 200 cm of rain annually• Temperatures typically fall between 20oC
and 25oC (68-77° F) for the entire year• 50% of all the world’s animal species may
be found here• Multiple canopy layers• Large amounts of transpiration• Highest biodiversity: birds, bats, small
mammals, insects, monkeys, and jaguars; orchids, bromeliads, vines, ferns, mosses and palms
Tropical Savanna
• Grasslands/few scattered trees• Wet and dry season• Hot temperatures• Annual rainfall is between 50 and
127 cm• More species of grazing mammals
than any other biome• Animals migrate • Lions, zebras, giraffes, hyenas, etc.
Desert• Between 25o and 40o latitude• Less than 25 cm of rain annually• Temperatures range between 20oC and
25oC (68-77°F) but some extreme deserts can reach temperatures higher than 38oC (100°F) and lower than –15oC (5°F)
• Animals burrow and remove water from food: Kangaroo rats (rodents), rabbits, skunks, and burrowing owls, reptiles, and birds; all mostly active at night
• Succulents and plants with very reduced leaf surfaces
Chaparral
• Between 32o and 40o latitude on the west coast of continents
• Between 35 and 70 cm of rain, usually in the winter
• Extremely resistant to drought and weather events
Temperate Grassland• Dry climate/trees are found only near
water sources such as streams• Between 50 and 90 cm of rainfall each
year• Summer temperatures can reach up to
38oC (100°F), and winter temperatures can fall to –40oC (-40°F)
• Prairie dogs; ground owls• Broad-leaf trees and many wildflowers• Nutrient-rich soil with thick topsoil layer
Temperate Deciduous Forest
• Moderate climate• Most trees will lose their leaves in the
winter• Temperatures range between –30oC
and 30oC (-22° F to 104° F)• 75 to 150 cm of precipitation• Well developed understory• High biodiversity: deer, squirrels, mice,
raccoons, salamanders, snakes, frogs, and insects
Temperate Boreal Forest• Also known as Taiga (coniferous forest)• Between 45o and 60o North latitude• Cold climate with summer rains• Patchy permafrost- permanently frozen soil starting as high as a few
centimeters below the surface – which severely limits plant growth• Many lakes, ponds, rivers and bogs• Very few reptiles• Limited understory• Snow is primary form of precipitation (40 – 100 cm annually)• Mosses and evergreen trees; drought resistant• Summer birds and insects, bears, moose, etc.
Temperate Boreal Forest
Tundra• Means treeless or marshy plain
– Prairie potholes
• Characterized by permafrost Winter temperatures average –34oC (93°F) while summer temperatures usually average below 10oC (50°F)
• Lowest precipitation (15–25 cm per year) but ground is usually wet/snow because of low evaporation
• Coastal species: polar bears, seals, penguins• Inland: Caribou, ducks and geese• Low-growing plants with shallow roots; reproduce by
budding
Tundra
Antarctic Desert
• Low precipitation• No permafrost• Low species diversity • Moss and algae
vegetation• Lichens • Some invertebrates
Aquatic Biomes- Water
• Most stable average daily temperature
• Freshwater- Low to no salinity– Glacial lakes– Rivers– Lakes/ponds
• Estuary- brackish– Varying salinity levels
• Marine- ocean– High salinity level
Estuarian Biome
Marine Biome
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