BIOLOGY – Assignment : Cell : The Unit of Life and Cell...

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BIOLOGY – Assignment

Chapter : Cell : The Unit of Life and Cell Cycle and Cell Division

1. Endoplasmic reticulum is in continuation with 1) Golgi body 2) Nuclear wall 3) Mitochondria 4) Cell wall

2. The vacuole is lined by a membrane called 1) Tonoplast 2) Jacket 3) Cell membrane 4) Tonoplasm

3. Identify the components labelled A, B, C and D in the given section of cilia/flagella showing different parts. Choose the option which shows the correct labelling of parts.

1) A – Plasma membrane, B – Interdoublet

bridge, C – Central microtubule, D – Radial spoke

2) A – Plasma membrane, B – Arm, C – Central microtubule, D – Radial spoke

3) A – Plasma membrane, B – Interdoublet bridge, C – Hub, D – Radial spoke

4) A – Plasma membrane, B – Interdoublet bridge, C– Hub, D – Arm

4. A cell organelle with folded inner membrane is disrupted with ultrasonic breaker. Its fragment can synthesise ATP. The organelle is

1) Ribosome 2) Centrosome 3) Chloroplast 4) Mitochondria

5. How many mitotic generations are required to produce 256 cells?

1) 8 2) 16 3) 128 4) 255

6. Chromosomes can be first seen to be composed of two chromatids attached together at the centromere in

1) Early prophase 2) Late prophase 3) Metaphase 4) Telophase

7. Spindle fibre is made up of 1) Tubulin 2) Humulin 3) Intermediate filament 4) Flagellin

8. Spindle fibres attach to kinetochores of chromosomes during

1) Prophase 2) Anaphase 3) Interphase 4) Metaphase

9. Cell organelles having hydrolases/digestive enzymes are

1) Peroxisome 2) Lysosomes 3) Ribosomes 4) Mesosomes

10. Plasmid is 1) Small extra chromosomal circular self replicating

DNA that carry genes into host organism 2) Bacteriophage. 3) DNA found in mitochondria. 4) DNA incorporated in bacterial chromosome

11. The secretory function of cell is mainly performed by 1) Lysosomes 2) Spherosomes 3) Peroxisomes 4) Golgi complex

12. Liquid food drinking is 1) Imbibition 2) Pinocytosis 3) Phagocytosis 4) None of these

13. Select the correct statement 1) In animals, mitotic cell division is only seen in

diploid somatic cells 2) Cells are metabolically inactive during the G0 stage 3) Cell growth stops during G2 phase 4) DNA replication is completed in G1 phase 14. Cell membrane is made up of 1) Protein 2) Cellulose 3) Lipids 4) Lipids, carbohydrates & proteins

15. Three morphological forms of golgi complex are 1) Lamellae, tubules and vesicles 2) Cisternae, tubules and vesicles 3) Cisternae, tubules and lamellae 4) Granum, thalykoids and vesicles

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16. Choose the incorrect match 1) Nucleus — RNA 2) Lysosome — Protein synthesis 3) Mitochondria — Respiration 4) Cytoskeleton — Microtubules

17. The membrane which allows passage of certain substances more readily than others is termed as

1) Permeable 2) Selectively permeable 3) Semipermeable 4) Impermeable 18. Desmosomes are 1) Connecting bodies between cells 2) Fat storage cells 3) Pigment bodies 4) None of these

19. Cell theory was proposed by 1) Virchow 2) Schleiden & Schwann 3) Robert Hooke 4) B. McClintock

20. ________ is the important site of formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids.

1) SER 2) Lysosome 3) Golgi apparatus 4) Mitochondria

21. The mineral present in cell wall is 1) Na 2) Ca 3) K 4) Mg

22. Which organelle is present in higher number in secretory cells?

1) Dictyosome 2) ER 3) Lysosome 4) Vacuole

23. The cell organelle associated with intercellular digestion of macromolecules is

1) Lysosome 2) Peroxisome 3) Polysome 4) Dictyosome

24. Analyse the following pairs and identify the correct options given

A. Chromoplasts - Contains pigments other than chlorophyll

B. Leucoplasts - Devoid of any pigments C. Amyloplasts - Store proteins D. Aleuroplasts - Store oils and fats E. Elaioplasts - Store carbohydrates

1) B and C are correct 2) C and D are correct 3) D and E are correct 4) A and B are correct

25. Consider the following statements

(A) Plant cells have centrioles which are absent in almost all animal cells

(B) Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis (C) The middle lamella is a layer mainly of calcium

carbonate which holds the different neighbouring cells together

(D) In animal cell steroidal hormones are synthesized by smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Of the above statements 1) (A) and (B) only are correct 2) (C) and (D) only are correct

3) (B) and (D) only are correct 4) (A) and (D) only are correct

26. The infoldings in mitochondria are known as

1) Cristae 2) Matrix 3) Cisternae 4) Thylakoids

27. Consider the following statements and select the correct option.

(A) The endomembrane system includes plasma membrane, ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes and vacuoles.

(B) ER helps in the transport of substances synthesis of proteins, lipoproteins and glycogen.

(C) Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis. (D) Mitochondria help in oxidative phosphorylation

and generation of ATP. 1) B, C & D are correct 2) A - alone is correct 3) B - alone is correct 4) C - alone is correct

28. Identify A, B and C in the figure showing sectional view of chloroplast

1) A – Thylakoid, B – Granum C – Inner membrane 2) A – Thylakoid, B – Granum C – Stroma lamellae 3) A – Granum, B – Thylakoid C – Outer membrane 4) A – Thylakoid, B – Stroma lamella C – Stroma

29. Choose the wrong statements regarding bacterial cell A. Glycocalyx is the outermost envelope in

bacteria. B. The glycocalyx could be a loose sheath called

capsule. C. The glycocalyx may be thick and tough called

slime layer D. A special structure formed by the plasma

membrane is called mesosome. E. Small bristle like fibres sprouting out of the cell

are called fimbriae. 1) A and C are wrong 2) A and B are wrong 3) B and C are wrong 4) A and D are wrong

30. Select the wrong statement of a bacterial cell 1) Mesosome is formed by the extensions of

plasma membrane into the cell. 2) The pili are elongated tubular structures made

up of a protein. 3) Flagellum is composed of filament, hook and

basal body. 4) Ribosomes are about 30 nm by 50 nm in size.

AB

C



31. Select correct with respect to chloroplast 1) DNA, Ribosome, Quantasome, Oxysome 2) DNA, Ribosome, Oxysome 3) DNA, Ribosome, Elementary body 4) DNA, Ribosome, Quantasome

32. Secretory vesicles of golgi complex are released from ________ to help the transport and secretion of modiffied proteins

1) Cis face 2) Maturing face 3) Forming face 4) Convex face

33. Select odd with respect to lysosome 1) Smallest membrane bound cell organelles 2) Digestive enzymes containing bodies 3) Heterolysosomes are primary lysosomes 4) de Duve discovered lysosome

34. Which of the following enzymes are not associated with lysosome?

1) Nucleases 2) Carbohydrases 3) Proteases 4) Peroxidases

35. Conversion of lipids into carbohydrates at the time of germination of seed is done by

1) Sphaerosome 2) Glyoxysome 3) Peroxisome 4) Lomasome

36. Select odd/incorrect pair 1) Metacentric

chromosome Median centromere and V shaped

2) Submetacentric chromosome

Submedian centromere and I shaped

3) Acrocentric chromosome

Subterminal centromere and J shaped

4) Telocentric chromosome

Terminal centromere and rod shaped

37. Select the matched ones (i) Amyloplasts – store proteins (ii) Mitochondrion – ‘Power house’ of the cell (iii) Stroma – Chlorophyll pigment (iv) Axoneme – 9 + 2 1) (i) and (iii) only 2) (ii), (iii) and (iv) only 3) (iii) and (iv) only 4) (ii) and (iv) only 38. Vacuole of plant cell is 1) Double membranous structure occupy about

90% area of cell 2) Single membranous structure, contains water

only 3) Single membranous structure contains water,

sap and excretory substances 4) Non-membranous structure contains organic

as well as inorganic material

39. It is better to study the shape of chromosomes in 1) Anaphase stage 2) Prophase stage 3) Telophase stage 4) Metaphase stage

40. Select the pair of structures which are common in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

1) Cell membrane and chondriosome 2) Ribosomes and lysosomes 3) Microbodies and sap vacuoles 4) Cell membrane and ribosomes

41. Polarity in structure and packaging of material are concerned with

1) Lysosomes 2) ER 3) Glyoxysomes 4) Golgi bodies

42. Consider (a) Nucleolus is involve in rRNA synthesis (b) Chromatin composed of DNA and acidic

proteins only (c) Ends of chromosome are called telomeres. (d) On the basis of position of centromere, all four

types of chromosomes are found in human karyotype

Select incorrect statements from above 1) (a) & (b) 2) (a) & (c) 3) (b) & (d) 4) (c) & (d)

43. Mitochondria and chloroplast divides by 1) Fission 2) Budding 3) Both 1 & 2 4) Fragmentation 44. Cytoskeleton includes all except 1) Microfibrils 2) Microtubules 3) Microfilaments 4) Intermediate filaments

45. Cell plate formed during cytokinesis in plant cells represents 1) Cell wall of the both daughter cells 2) Cell wall of one daughter cell only 3) Middle lamella between the walls of two

adjacent cells 4) Secondary cell wall of the daughter cells

46. Match the Column I with Column II Column I Column II

A Cristae (i) Covering of vacuole

B Cisternae (ii) Infolding of mitochondrial membrane

C Thylakoid (iii) Disc shaped sacs in Golgi apparatus

D Tonoplast (iv) Flattened membranous sacs in chloroplast

1) A – (i), B – (ii), C – (iii), D – (iv) 2) A – (ii), B – (iii), C – (iv), D – (i) 3) A – (iv), B – (iii), C – (ii), D – (i) 4) A – (iii), B – (ii), C – (i), D – (iv)



47. Ribosomes are the granular structures composed of 1) RNA and proteins 2) RNA and DNA 3) Proteins only 4) rRNA only

48. Which of the following are non-membrane bound cell organelles?

1) Centriole and microbodies 2) Ribosome and contractile vacuole 3) Nucleolus and centriole 4) Ribosome and plastids

49. In animal cells lipid like steroidal hormones are synthesised in

1) Endoplasmic reticulum 2) Glyoxysome 3) Sphaerosome 4) Lysosome

50. Which one of the following is not a common feature of chloroplast and mitochondria?

1) Presence of porins in outer membrane 2) Double membrane bound organelles 3) Presence of 80 S type ribosomes 4) Presence of bacteria like DNA

51. If the centromere is situated close to its end forming one extremely short and one very long arm, the chromosome is

1) Telocentric 2) Acrocentric 3) Metacentric 4) Submetacentric

52. Select the odd one out w.r.t. mitosis 1) It helps the organisms in both sexual and

asexual reproduction

2) It is called equational division 3) It takes place only in diploid cells of plants 4) It helps in cell repair

53. Select odd one w.r.t. the function of SER 1) Lysosomal enzymes synthesis 2) Steroidal hormone synthesis 3) Glycogen metabolism 4) Detoxification of drugs

54. Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins and proteins are possible in the cell wall of

1) Bacteria 2) Green algae 3) Angiosperms 4) Brown algae

55. Main characteristic feature of animal cell is 1) Presence of mitochondria and lysosome 2) Presence of sap vacuole, centrosome and

peroxisome 3) Absence of cell wall, contractile vacuole and

peroxisome 4) Absence of cell wall, chloroplast and

glyoxysome

56. Consider the following statements a. Microbodies are non-membrane bound minute

vesicles.

b. Secondary constrictions are located at constant locations on some chromosomes.

c. Kinetochores are present on the sides of centromere.

d. Interphase nucleus has highly extended and elaborate nucleoprotein fibres called chromatin.

The correct statements are 1) a & b 2) b, c & d 3) a & d 4) a, c & d

57. Which of the following is site of active ribosomal RNA synthesis?

1) Centrosome 2) Nucleolus 3) Glyoxysome 4) Lysosome

58. Identify the type of chromosomes w.r.t. centromere position in given diagram

1) A – Telocentric, B – Acrocentric, C – Sub-metacentric 2) A – Acrocentric, B – Sub-metacentric C – Metacentric 3) A – Sub-metacentric, B – Telocentric, C – Acrocentric 4) A – Telocentric, B – Acrocentric, C – Metacentric 59. In fluid mosaic model of cell membrane 1) Spectrin is intrinsic protein 2) Protein forms continuous layer 3) Bilayer phospholipids constitute highly viscous

fluid matrix 4) Fluidity of membrane depends upon protein

60. Semiautonomous organelles are 1) Chloroplast 2) Mitochondria 3) Both 1 & 2 4) None of these

61. The diagram given below represent a filuid mosaic model of plasma membrance. Match the components marked as A, B, C, D and E in the diagram below from the list (i) to (vii).

AB C



(i) Sugar (ii) Protein (iii) Lipid bilayer (iv) Integral protein (v) Cytoplasm (vi) Cell wall (vii) External protein 1) A - (i), B - (ii), C - (iii), D - (iv), E - (v) 2) A - (ii), B - (i), C - (iii), D - (iv), E - (v) 3) A - (i), B - (ii), C - (iii), D - (iv), E - (vi) 4) A - (i), B - (ii), C - (iii), D - (vii), E - (v)

62. In mitosis, duplication of chromosomes occurs during 1) Interphase 2) Prophase 3) Metaphase 4) Telophase

63. In meiosis division is: 1) I reductional and II equational 2) I equational and II reductional 3) Both reductional 4) Both equational 64. Pairing of homologous chromosome occurs at

which stage? 1) Zygotene 2) Leptotene 3) Metaphase 4) Pachytene

65. Terminalization is end of chiasmata it occurs at 1) Zygotene 2) Pachytene 3) Diplotene 4) Diakinesis

66. Phragmoplast is precursor of 1) Leucoplast 2) Chloroplast 3) Spindle apparatus 4) Cell plate

67. Nuclear envelope disappears at 1) Metaphase 2) Anaphase 3) Early prophase 4) Late prophase

68. In a cell cycle, G1 phase is followed by 1) G2 2) S 3) M 4) G0

69. In a seed plant reduction division occurs in the 1) Roots 2) Leaves 3) Anthers and ovules 4) Stems

70. Identify the given figures (A, B & C) showing meiotic phases and select the correct option.

A B C

1) A-Metaphase, B-Anaphase, C-Telophase 2) A-Metaphase-I, B-Anaphase-I, C-Telophase-I 3) A-Metaphase-II, B-Anaphase-II, C-Telophase-II 4) A-Anaphase-I, B-Metaphase-I, C-Telophase-I

71. During cell division which cytoplasmic structure plays an important role?

1) Mitochondrion 2) Golgi complex 3) Nuclear membrane 4) Centriole

72. The four cells derived from meiosis in a normal diploid organism differ among themselves only in the following respect

1) Number of chromosomes 2) Size of chromosomes 3) Genes carried on different chromosomes 4) Number and size of chromosomes

73. The stage of meiosis where centromere separate 1) Metaphase I 2) Metaphase II 3) Anaphase I 4) Anaphase II

74. Statement 1: Diplotene is characterized by the presence of chiasmata.

Statement 2: Diplotene can last for months and years in oocytes of some vertebrates.

1) Both statements -1 and statement - 2 are true and statement - 2 is the correct explanation of statement - 1.

2) Both statements -1 and statement - 2 are true but statement - 2 is not the correct explanation of statement - 1.

3) Statement -1 is true and statement - 2 is false. 4) Statement -1 is false and statement - 2 is true.

75. Crossing over occurs in 1) Zygotene 2) Leptotene 3) Pachytene 4) Diplotene

76. Which of the following events takes place during anaphase stage of mitosis?

I. Spindle fibres attach to kinetochores of chromosomes. II. Centromeres split and chromatids separate. III. Chromatids move to opposite poles. IV. Nucleolus, Golgi complex and ER reform. 1) I and II only 2) II and III only 3) III and IV 4) I and IV only 77. Find the correctly matched pairs and choose the

correct option. A. Leptotene – The chromosomes

become invisible B. Zygotene – Pairing of homologous

chromosomes C. Pachytene – Dissolution of the

synaptonemal complex takes place

D. Diplotene – Bivalent chromosomes

E. Diakinesis – Terminalization of chiasmata

1) A and B are correct 2) B and D are correct 3) B and E are correct 4) B and C are correct



78. Identify the diagram and give correct label for marked structures

1) Plant cell ; A – Golgibodies, B – Mitochondria,

C – Vacuole, D – RER 2) Plant cell ; A – ER, B – Plastid, C – Vacuole,

D – Golgibodies 3) Animal cell ; A – Mitochondria, B –

Golgibodies, C – Nucleus, D – RER 4) Animal cell ; A – Golgibodies, B –

Mitochondria, C – Nucleus, D – RER 79. Amitosis is 1) Division involving spindle formation 2) Division involving formation of chromosome

bridges 3) Division in which chromosomes are unequally

distributed 4) Cleavage of nucleus without recognisable

chromosome distribution 80. During mitosis no. of chromosomes gets 1) Change 2) No change 3) May be changed if cell is mature 4) May be changed if cell is immature

81. Reformation of nucleolus, golgi complex and ER occurs in

1) Prophase 2) Metaphase 3) Anaphase 4) Telophase

82. The bivalent chromosomes align on the equatorial plate in

1) Anaphase – I 2) Metaphase – II 3) Metaphase – I 4) Telophase – II

83. A: Plant mitosis is anastral mitosis. R: Tubulin proteins are not found in plant cells. 1) If both Assertion & Reason are true and the

reason is the correct explanation of the assertion

2) If both Assertion & Reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion

3) If Assertion is true statement but Reason is false

4) If both Assertion and Reason are false statements

84. In the life of an organism, mitotic division a. Results in production of daughter cells with

unequal genetic complement usually b. Restores the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio c. Repairs the cell 1) a & b are correct 2) a & c are correct 3) Only b is correct 4) b & c are correct 85. The suitable stage for karyotype and shape of

chromosome study is 1) Metaphase 2) Anaphase 3) Metaphase and anaphase respectively 4) Anaphase and metaphase respectively

86. Cell is prepared for division by undergoing both cell growth and DNA replication in an orderly manner during the

1) Prophase 2) Interphase 3) Metaphase 4) Telophase

87. Omnis cellula-e cellula i.e., new cells arise from pre-existing cells; this statement was given by

1) Schleiden and Schwann 2) Rudolf Virchow 3) Robert Brown 4) Robert Hooke

88. If the cell of root in wheat plant has 42 chromosomes then the number of chromosomes in the cell of pollen grain is

1) 14 2) 21 3) 28 4) 42

89. Which of the following is seen only in prokaryotic cells?

1) Dictyosome 2) Ribosome 3) Mesosome 4) Endoplasmic reticulum

90. The cytoplasm of neighbouring cells is connected with the help of

1) Middle lamella 2) Primary wall 3) Mitochondria 4) Plasmodesmata


ANSWER KEY 1. (2) 11. (4) 21. (2) 31. (4) 41. (4) 51. (2) 61. (1) 71. (4) 81. (4)

2. (1) 12. (2) 22. (1) 32. (2) 42. (3) 52. (3) 62. (1) 72. (3) 82. (3)

3. (1) 13. (1) 23. (1) 33. (3) 43. (1) 53. (1) 63. (1) 73. (4) 83. (3)

4. (4) 14. (4) 24. (4) 34. (4) 44. (1) 54. (3) 64. (1) 74. (2) 84. (4)

5. (1) 15. (2) 25. (3) 35. (2) 45. (3) 55. (4) 65. (4) 75. (3) 85. (3)

6. (2) 16. (2) 26. (1) 36. (2) 46. (2) 56. (2) 66. (4) 76. (2) 86. (2)

7. (1) 17. (2) 27. (1) 37. (4) 47. (1) 57. (2) 67. (4) 77. (3) 87. (2)

8. (4) 18. (1) 28. (4) 38. (3) 48. (3) 58. (2) 68. (2) 78. (1) 88. (2)

9. (2) 19. (2) 29. (3) 39. (1) 49. (1) 59. (3) 69. (3) 79. (4) 89. (3)

10. (1) 20. (3) 30. (4) 40. (4) 50. (3) 60. (3) 70. (2) 80. (2) 90. (4)

HINTS AND SOLUTIONS 1. Answer: (2) Sol. Endoplasmic reticulum is connected to nuclear

membrane and plasma membrane. It acts as cell’s transport system.

2. Answer: (1) Sol. The vacuole is lined by a semipermeable membrane

called tonoplast. 3. Answer: (1) Sol. In the given figure of cilia/flagella, the marked part as

A, B,C and D are respectively plasma membrane, interdoublet bridge, central microtubule, and radial spoke.

4. Answer: (4) Sol. A cell organelle with folded inner membrane is the

mitochondria. These folded structure are Cristae. 5. Answer: (1) Sol. 2n = 256 : 2n = 28 : n = 8. ‘n’ Indicates No. of generations 6. Answer: (2) Sol. Early prophase is marked by the intiation of

condensation of chromosomal material. The chromosomal material becomes untangled during the process of chromation condensation. Duplicated centriole move the opposite poles and forms asters in animal cells and spindle fibers begin.

In metaphase spindle fibers attach the kinetochores of chromosomes and are aligned at equatorial plane to form metaphase plate. In beginning of telophase chromosomes reached to the poles start decondensing looses their individuality. In late flage chromatin is enveloped by nuclear memberane,cytokinesis. Occurs in nucleolus, golgi complex and ER reforms.

7. Answer: (1) Sol. Spindle fibers are formed during the process of cell

division (mitosis and meiosis). Tubulin is the protein that is present in the spindle fibers. These are achromatic fibers and its origin is from the cytoplasm. The fibers consists of 90% of this protein. The tubulin protein is responsible for the elastic nature of the spindle fibers.

8. Answer: (4) Sol. refer no:96

9. Answer: (2) Sol. Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive

enzymes (acid hydrolases). They digest excess or worn–out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria. The membrane surrounding a lysosomes allows the digestive enzymes to work at the 4.5 pH they require. Lysosomes fuse with vacuoles and dispense their contents. They are created by the addition of hydrolytic enzymes to early endosomes from the Golgi apparatus. The name lysosomes derives from the greek word lysis, which means dissolution or destruction, and soma, which means body. They are frequently nicknamed “suicide–bags” or “suicide –sacs” by cell biologists due to their role in autolysis. Lysosomes were discovered by the Belgain cytologist Christian de Duve in 1949.

10. Answer: (1) Sol. Plasmid is the small extra chromosomal circular self

replicating DNA that carries genes into host organism.

11. Answer: (4) Sol. The Golgi apparatus (also called the golgi body,

Golgi complex, or dictyosome) is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. It was identified in 1898 by the Italian physician Camillo Golgi and was named after him. The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to process and package the macromolecules such as proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell. It is particularly important in the processing of protein for secretion. The Golgi apparatus forms a part of the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells.

12. Answer: (2) Sol. The liquid form food drinked by lysosomes or

plasma membrane of cell, is know as pinocytosis. 13. Answer: (1) Sol. In diploid germ cells of animals meiosis occur the

produce haploid gametes. Go stage is called Quiescent stage cells in this stage

remain metabolically active but no longer proliferate unless called on to do so.



During the G2 phase .Proteinsare synthesised in preparation for nitosis. While cell growth continues.

During G1 phase the cell growth metabolically active and continuously growes but does not replicate its DNA.

DNA replication occurs in S phase. 14. Answer: (4) Sol. Cell membrane is made up of PLLP; P – protein; L –

Lipid, carbohydrate 15. Answer: (2) Sol. Three morphological forms of golgi complex are

cisternae, tubules and vesicles. Varied number of cisternae are present in a golgi complex.

The Golgi cisternae are concentrically arranged near the nucleus with distinct convex cis or the forming face and concave trans or the maturing face.

Tubules are long flattened structure while vesicles are round or oval structure.

16. Answer: (2) Sol. Proteins synthesis takes place in ribosomes, which

are attached to surface of endoplasmic reticulum by ribophorin–I and ribophorin–II. About 50 hydrolytic enzymes are found in the lysosomes. They include proteases, nucleases, glycosidases, lipases, phospholipase, phosphatases and sulphates. All lysosomal enzymes are acid hydrolases and optimally active atpH–5.0

17. Answer: (2) Sol. The membrane which allows passage of certain

substance more readily than others is termed as selectively permeable. It is a membrane in cells that only allows certain things in. This allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion & occasionally specialized facilitated diffusion. The Rate of passage depends on the pressure, concentration, and temperature of the molecules of solutes on either side, as well as the permeability of the membrane to each solute.

18. Answer: (1) Sol. In animal cell plasma membrane gets modified and

forms desmosomes for adhesion. These are connecting bodies between cells. Desmosomes have large intercellular space. Plasmalemma is thick inthis region and dense material gets collected near it and small filaments arise from it called tonofibril.

19. Answer: (2) Sol. In 1838, Schleiden, a german Botanist and In 1839,

a British zoologist theodre schwann reported that bodies of plants and animals are composed of cells and products of cells – cell theory

20. Answer: (3) Sol. The Golgi apparatus (also known as the Golgi

complex, Golgi body) is an organelle, identified in 1897 by the Italian physician Camillo Golgi and named after him in 1898. Golgi apparatus is the important site of formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids. It functions as a factory in which proteins received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their ultimate endpoints: lysosomes, the plasma membrane.

21. Answer: (2)

Sol. In some plants, mineral substance are also present in cell wall which is made up of crystals of calcium oxalate and calcium bicarbonate.

22. Answer: (1) Sol. Dictyosomes are organelles found in plant cells and

functionally equivalent to the golgi apparatus of animal cells

23. Answer: (1) Sol. Lysosomes are small vesicles bounded by a single

membrane and contain hydrolytic enzymes which are responsible for intercellular digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

24. Answer: (4) Chromoplasts – Contain pigments other than

chlorophyll Leucoplasta – Devoid of any pigments Amyloplasts – Store starch Aleuroplasts – Store proteins Elaioplasta – Store fats

25. Answer: (3) Sol. The centrioles occur in nearly all animal cells, but

absent in plant cell with few exceptions such as zoospores of algae. Middle lamella is a thin, amorphous and cementing layer between two adjacent cells. It is made up of pectates of calcium and magnesium.

26. Answer: (1) Sol. Inner membrane of mitochondria folded in finger like

projections, known as cristae which increase the surface area

27. Answer: (1) Sol. The endomembrane system include endoplasmic

reticulum (ER), golgi complex, lysosomes and Vacuoles. Since the function of the mitochondria, chloroplast and peroxisomes are not coordinated as part of the endomembrane system circular DNA molecule, a few RNA molecule, ribosomes (70 S) and the components required for the synthesis of proteins.

28. Answer: (4) Sol. Textual Diagram 29. Answer: (3) Sol. In bacteria, a sticky, gelatinous material called

glycocalyx collects outside the cell wall to form an additional surface layer. Glycocalyx covering of the bacterial cell may be loose, thin sheath or thick and tough coat. Loose glycocalyx covering is termed slime layer while tough and thick type is known as capsule

30. Answer: (4) Sol. Ribosomes are about 15 nm by 20 nm in size. 31. Answer: (4) Sol. Chloroplast has double stranded circular DNA, 70s

ribosomes and quantasomes which are the photosynthesis units

32. Answer: (2) Sol. Materials to be packaged in the form of vesicles

from the ER fuse with the Cis face of GC and move towards the maturing face(trans face) mean while they are glycosylated and modified.

33. Answer: (3) Sol. Heterolysosomes are secondary in nature. Primary

cysosomes arise from golgi apparatus. 34. Answer: (4)



Sol. Peroxidases are present in peroxysomes. 35. Answer: (2) Sol. Glyoxysomes are present in plant cells only which

help in glyoxyalte cycle where at the time of seed germination converts lipids into carbohydrates.

36. Answer: (2) Sol. Submetacentric chromosome has one short arm and

one long arm exhibiting “L” shape. 37. Answer: (4) Sol. Amyloplasts store carbohydrates (starch), e.g.,

potato whereas proteins are stored by aleuroplasts, chlorophyll pigments are presents in the thylakoid.

38. Answer: (3) Sol. Membrane of vacuole is called Tonoplast, the fluid

present in vacuole of plant cell is called cells sap. 39. Answer: (1) Sol. During anaphase centromeres split and spindle

fibres pull them to opposite poles during which shape of chromosome based on the position of Centromere can be noticed.

40. Answer: (4) Sol. Chondrisome is nothing but mitochondria and sap

vacuoles are present in eukartoyic cells only. 41. Answer: (4) Sol. Golgi bodies are considered as packaging centres of

the cell 42. Answer: (3) Sol. Chromatin contains DNA and some basic proteins

called Histones. Human do not have telocentric chromosomes.

43. Answer: (1) Sol. Irrespective of whether cell divides or not

mitochondria and chloroplasts divide by fission. 44. Answer: (1) Sol. Microfibrils are not a component of cytoskeleeton 45. Answer: (3) Sol. Middle lamella (cell plate derivative) was the first

formed layer deposited at the time of cytokinesis, cell plate develops as middle lamella made up of calcium and magnesium pectates

46. Answer: (2) Cristae Infolding of mitochondrial membrane Cisternae Disc shaped sac of golgi apparatus Thylakoid Flattened membranes sac in chloroplast Tonoplast Covering of vacuole

47. Answer: (1) Sol. Ribosomes are the smallest cell organelles made up

of RNA and proteins 48. Answer: (3) Sol. Nucleolus is granular and centrioles is suspended in

atmosphere structure called centrosphere 49. Answer: (1) Sol. In animal cells lipid–like steroidal hormones are

synthesized in SER. 50. Answer: (3) Sol. 70s ribosomes are present in chloroplast and

mitochondria 51. Answer: (2) Sol. In telocentric chromosomes centromere is at the

end, in metacentric it is at the centre are in enlometacentric slightly away from the centre.

52. Answer: (3)

Sol. Even it takes place in animal cells. 53. Answer: (1) Sol. Lysosomal enzyme synthesis takes place in

ribosomes (or) rough endoplasmic reticulum 54. Answer: (3) Sol. Algae cell wall made up of cellulose, galactons,

mannans and minerals like calcium carbonate Bacterial cell wall made up of peptidoglycons and

lipopolysaccharides 55. Answer: (4) Sol. Cell wall, chloroplast and Glyoxysomes are present

in plant cells only 56. Answer: (2) Sol. Microbodies are single membrane bound organelles

which are peroxisomes and glyoxisomes 57. Answer: (2) Sol. Nucleolus is the site for r-RNA synthesis 58. Answer: (2)

Metacentric chromosome

centromere at the centre

Sub-meta centric chromosome

centromere above to the centre

Acrocentric chromosome

centromere nearer to the end of chromosome

59. Answer: (3) Sol. Fluid – Mosaic model indicates the quasi fluid nature

of lipids enables lateral movement of protein within the overall bilayer

60. Answer: (3) Sol. Both chloroplast and mitochondria have their own

DNA and ribosomes which can synthesis their own proteins

61. Answer: (1) Sol. The given diagram shows the fluid mosaic model of

cell membrane. In the diagram the components marked as A, B, C, D and E are respectively (i) sugar, (ii) protein, (iii) lipid bilayer, (iv) integral proteins, and (v) cytoplasm. The fluid mosaic model was devised by SJ Singer and GL Nicolson in 1972, describes the cell membrane as a two-dimensional liquid in which phospholipid and protein molecules diffuse easily.

62. Answer: (1) Sol. In S phase DNA gets doubled so that is distributed

to daughter cells. 63. Answer: (1)

Meiosis → Meiosis I Meiosis II (Reductional) (Equational) No. of Chromosomes

reduced to half in daughter cells

No. of Chromosomes remains same similar to mitosis

64. Answer: (1) Sol. Prophase I of Meiosis in divided into 5 substages.

Leptotene Chromatin condenses to form Chromosomes

Zygotene Homologous Chromosomes get paired (synapsis)

Pachytene Crossing over takes place i.e. Exchange of genetic material

Diplotene Homologous Chromosomes start repelling each other

Diakinesis Homologous Chromosomes become



completely separated after exchanging of genetic material from chiasmata

65. Answer: (4) Sol. Refer. 154 Sol. 66. Answer: (4) Sol. Phragmoplast is due to depositions of golgi vesicles

during cytokinesis of plant cell, which develops as a cell plate

67. Answer: (4) Sol. At the end of prophase, golgi complex, endoplasmic

reticulum, nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappears when viewed under the microscope

68. Answer: (2)

Sol. 69. Answer: (3) Sol. Reduction division takes place is germ cells (Micro

and mega sporangium) of anthers and ovules 70. Answer: (2) Sol. The given figure (A, B and C) showing meiotic

phases are respectively metaphase I, anaphase I and telophase I.

Metaphase I: spindle apparatus appear and the chromosomes are arranged on equatorial plate, with the centromeres of the two homologous chromosomes.

Anaphase I: The homologous chromosomes break apart while sister chromatids remains associated at their centrmere. At the end of anaphase I, two groups of chromosomes are produced at two poles, having half the number of parental chromosomes.

Telophase I: The homologous chromosomes pair complete their migration to the two poles as a result of spindle action. As a result a haploid set of chromosomes still having two chromatids. A nuclear envelope reforms around each chromosome set, the spindle disappears, and cytokinesis follows.

71. Answer: (4) Sol. Forms spindle fibres in animal cell 72. Answer: (3) Sol. The formed daughter cells due to meiosis are differ

in their genetic constitution that gets separated during anaphase – II of meiosis - II

73. Answer: (4) Sol. Conceptual 74. Answer: (2) Sol. Diplotene is the longest and most active subphase

of prophase I of meiosis. The beginning of diplotene is recognized by the dissolution of the synaptonemal complex and the tendency of the recombined homologous chromosomes of the bivalents to separate from each other except at the sites of crossovers. These X shaped structures are called chiasmata. Diplotene can last for months and years in oocytes of some vertebrates.

75. Answer: (3) Sol. Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material

between two homologous chromosomes by the

process recombination and the enzyme involved recombinase. It is completed at the end of pachytene, a sub–stage of prophase I of meiosis I, leaving the chromosomes linked at the sites of crossing over.

76. Answer: (2) Sol. During Metaphase of mitosis, spindle fibers attach to

kinetochores of chromosomes.Nucleolus, golgi complex and ER reform at telophase of mitosis.

77. Answer: (3) Sol. Leptotene is initial stage of prophase. During this,

chromosomes become gradually visible. Pachytene is characterized by occurrence of crossing over. Bivalent chromosomes now clearly appear as tetrads. Diplotene follows pachytene and involves dissolution of synaptonemal complex.

78. Answer: (1) Sol. Textual Diagram 79. Answer: (4) Sol. Amitosis is cleavage of nucleus without recognizable

chromosome distribution. 80. Answer: (2) Sol. There is no changes of chromosome number in

mitosis 81. Answer: (4) Sol. E.R., Golgi complex, Nuclear envelope reappears in

telophase which are exactly reverse events of prophase

82. Answer: (3) Sol. Paired chromosomes (Bivalents) gets aligned on the

spindle apparatus of metaphase – I of meiosis - I 83. Answer: (3) Sol. Tubulin proteins are present in plant cells 84. Answer: (4) Sol. Mitosis occurs is living organisms and brings/

restores the nucleo-cytoplasmic as well as cell repair 85. Answer: (3) Sol. Chromosomal morphology studied at metaphase

(size structure and number) whereas chromosome shape visualized at anaphase

stage 86. Answer: (2) Sol. Interphase is charactered by cell growth and DNA

replication whereas mitosis/meiosis (multiplication phase prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) characterized by division

87. Answer: (2) Sol. Rudolf Virchow modified the hypothesis of schleiden

and Schwann and given final shape to cell theory. 88. Answer: (2) Sol. Pollen grain haploid cell: Hence the number of

chromosome are reduced to half (21) 89. Answer: (3) Sol. Mesosome is a circular to villiform in growth of the

plasma membrane. It takes part in the replication of nucleoid. Mesosomes are characteristic of prokaryotes

90. Answer: (4) Sol. Plasmodesmata connect the protoplasts of adjacent

plant cells by passing through their cell walls.

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BIOLOGY – Assignment : Cell : The Unit of Life and Cell...

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