BIOL 201 Chp 1 Introduction to Invertebrates
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Transcript of BIOL 201 Chp 1 Introduction to Invertebrates
BIOL 201: Invertebrate Zoology
Chapter 1: Introduction to Invertebrates
Rob SwatskiAssistant Professor of Biology
HACC-York
Invertebrates
99% of all extant animal
species
1 million+
describedspecies
10-30 million undescribed
species
Approx. 34 phyla
2
3
4
Prokaryotes
No organelles
No nucleus
Bacteria & Archaea
Eukaryotes
Organelles present
Nucleus present
Protists, fungi, plants,
animals
3 Domains of Life
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
5
Domain Bacteria
6
7
Domain Archaea
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
8
Kingdom Protista
9
Kingdom Fungi
10
11
Kingdom Plantae
12
Kingdom Animalia
13
DNA
Chromosomes
Genes
14
DNA double helix Single strand of DNA15
16
1859: Charles Darwin published
The Origin of Species
Main Ideas of Evolution
Current species are descendants of
ancestral species
“Descent with modification”
Natural selection
Adaptation
17
18
19
20
Evolution accounts for the unity & diversity of life
Phylum Overview
21
22
Protozoa
Animal-like protists
Not part of kingdom Animalia
Notinvertebrate
animals
Important evolutionary
link23
Phylum Porifera
sponges 24
Phylum Cnidaria
jellyfishes,corals, anemones25
Phylum Ctenophora
comb jellies 26
Phylum Platyhelminthes
flatworms
27
Phylum Nemertea
ribbon worms 28
Phylum Nematoda
roundworms 29
Phylum Mollusca
chitons, clams, snails, slugs, squid, octopi 30
Phylum Annelida
segmented worms31
Phylum Arthropoda
horseshoe crabs, arachnids, crustaceans, myriapods, insects 32
Phylum Phoronida
lopohophorates33
Phylum Brachiopoda
lamp shells34
Phylum Bryozoa
bryozoans 35
36Ernst Haeckel
Phylum Echinodermata
starfishes, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars 37
38
Phylum Hemichordata
acorn worms 39
40
Phylum Hemichordata
pterobranchs
Phylum Chordata
tunicates 41
Carl Linne“You can call me
CarolusLinnaeus”
42
Taxonomy…Today
Traditional rank-based Linnaean classification still used, but limited
value
Binomial nomenclature (Genus, species) still
popular
Much more emphasis on evolutionary relationships (phylogeneticsystematics)
Change is the only constant in taxonomy
43
Cladistics
Modern method of understanding
phylogeny
Create phylogenetic
trees (cladograms)
Based on morphology or molecular data
Homology vs. Analogy
44
45
46
Autoapomorphies: evolutionary novelties
47
48
Synapomorphies
49
Ground Plan
Basic set of characteristics of
each phylum
Helps our understanding of
differences & similarities between
phyla50
Example of a ground plan: 51
52
Creditsby Rob Swatski, 2010
http://robswatskibiology.wetpaint.com
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