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Biodiversity, people and networks
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Biodiversity, people and networks
Marco Pautassomarpauta at gmail.com
Canterbury (UK)3 Nov 2010
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from: Hufnagel et al. (2005) PNAS (air) & Kaluza et al. (2010) Interface (sea)
Transport networks in a globalized world
passengers
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US counties with (•) or without (o) Universities and/or Botanic Gardens
from: Pautasso & McKinney (2007) Conservation Biology
• N = 692, r2 = 0.13, y = 2.15 (SE = 0.08) + 0.15 (SE = 0.01) x, p < 0.0001
o N = 2187, r2 = 0.10, y = 2.18 (SE = 0.05) + 0.15 (SE = 0.01) x, p < 0.0001
Conservation biogeography
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Elevational gradient in vascular plant biodiversity
Marini et al. (in press) Global Ecology & Biogeogeography
data from Bergamo & Brescia provinces, Italy
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Landscape pathology
Picture: D. Rizzo, UC Davis from: Pautasso et al. (2010) Biological Reviews
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Fire blight epidemic development in Switzerland
Data from: Eidgenössisches Volkswirtschaftsdepartement, Swiss Confederation
2003 2007
199919952003-07
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NATURAL
TECHNOLOGICAL SOCIAL
food webs
airport networks
cell metabolism
meta-populations
railway networks
ant nests
WWWInternet
electrical power grids
software mapscomputing
gridsE-mail
patterns
innovation flows
telephone calls
co-authorship nets
family networks
committees
sexual partnerships
Food web of Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin, US
Internet structure
Network pictures from: Newman (2003) SIAM Review
HIV spread
network
Network theory
urban road networks
from: Moslonka-Lefebvre et al. (2011) Phytopathology
epidemiology
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Biodiversity conservation at the interface between disciplines
Kiss et al. (2010) Journal of Informetrics
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Acknowledgements
Claude Steck, Birmensdorf
Mike Jeger, Silwood
Ingrid Parmentier,
Bruxelles
Kevin Gaston,
Sheffield
Diego Fontaneto,Stockholm
Birgit & Florian Schlick-Steiner, Innsbruck
Mike McKinney, Knoxville
Lorenzo Marini, Padova
Joan Webber, Alice Holt
Susanne Fritz, Copenhagen
Ottmar Holdenrieder, Zurich
Peter Weisberg, Reno
Glen Powell, London
Mathieu Moslonka-Lefebvre, Paris
Tom Harwood, Canberra
Caroline Pecher, Bozen
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(a), (b) & (c) from: Pautasso & Gaston (2006) Global Ecology & Biogeography;(d) from: Pautasso & Gaston (2005) Ecology Letters
Biogeographical patterns in bird biodiversity
Survey year
Log 10
plot
are
a (k
m2 )
Log 1
0as
sem
blag
e ab
unda
nce
(indi
vidu
als)(c)
Log10 plot area (km2)
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from: Lonsdale et al. (2008) European Journal of Forest Research
Random sample of 100 papers per year on ‘species richness’ in WOS (1991-2004)
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b from: http://www.worldmapper.org/
a, c & d: from: Pautasso & Parmentier (2007) Botanica Helvetica
(c)
(d)
(a)(c)
log 1
0sp
pri
chne
ss (n
)
(b) Size of countries reflects n of botanic gardens
Biogeography of the living collections of the world’s botanical gardens
(d)
(yr)
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from: Golding et al. (2010) Annals of Botany
Living collections of the world’s botanic gardens (2)
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from: Chiari et al. (2010) J Animal Ecology
Locally, biodiversity-people correlations tend to be negative
birds in Florence
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from: Pecher et al. (2010) Basic and Applied Ecology
Scale-dependence of the correlation between species richness of stream macro-invertebrates and people
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from: Cantarello et al. (2010) Naturwissenschaften
Sampling effort explains the correlation between species richness of Orthoptera and people in Italy
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0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
probability of transmission
prob
abili
ty o
f per
sist
ence
localrandomsmall-worldscale-free (two-way)scale-free (uncorrelated)scale-free (one way)
Lower epidemic threshold for scale-free networks with positive correlation between in- and out-degree
from: Moslonka-Lefebvre et al. (2011) Phytopathology
Epidemic does not develop Epidemic develops
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Current research – 1. epidemic modellingin small-size directed networks
N replicates = 100; error bars are St. Dev.; different letters show sign. different means
at p < 0.05
from: Moslonka-Lefebvre et al. (2009) Journal of Theoretical Biology
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Correlation of epidemic final size with out-degree of starting node increases with network connectivity
N replicates = 100; error bars are St. Dev.; different letters show sign. different means at p < 0.05
from: Pautasso et al. (2010) Ecol Compl
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ReferencesBarbosa AM, Fontaneto D, Marini L & Pautasso M (2010) Positive regional species–people correlations: a sampling artefact or a key issue for sustainable development? Animal Conservation 13: 446-447Cantarello E, Steck CE, Fontana P, Fontaneto D, Marini L & Pautasso M (2010) A multi-scale study of Orthoptera species richness and human population size controlling for sampling effort. Naturwissenschaften 97: 265-271Dehnen-Schmutz K, Holdenrieder O, Jeger MJ & Pautasso M (2010) Structural change in the international horticultural industry: some implications for plant health. Scientia Horticulturae 125: 1-15Golding J, Güsewell S, Kreft H, Kuzevanov VY, Lehvävirta S, Parmentier I & Pautasso M (2010) Species-richness patterns of the living collections of the world's botanic gardens: a matter of socio-economics? Annals of Botany 105: 689-696Moslonka-Lefebvre M, Pautasso M & Jeger MJ (2009) Disease spread in small-size directed networks: epidemic threshold, correlation between links to and from nodes, and clustering. Journal of Theoretical Biology 260: 402-411Moslonka-Lefebvre M, Finley A, Dorigatti I, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Harwood T, Jeger MJ, Xu XM, Holdenrieder O & Pautasso M (2011) Networks in plant epidemiology: from genes to landscapes, countries and continents. Phytopathology 101: 392-403Pautasso M (2009) Geographical genetics and the conservation of forest trees. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Systematics and Evolution 11: 157-189Pautasso M & Parmentier I (2007) Are the living collections of the world’s botanical gardens following species-richness patterns observed in natural ecosystems? Botanica Helvetica 117: 15-28Pautasso M, Moslonka-Lefebvre M & Jeger MJ (2010) The number of links to and from the starting node as a predictor of epidemic size in small-size directed networks. Ecological Complexity 7: 424-432 Pecher C, Fritz S, Marini L, Fontaneto D & Pautasso M (2010) Scale-dependence of the correlation between human population and the species richness of stream macroinvertebrates. Basic Applied Ecology 11: 272-280