BIODIVERSITY IN MINING EXPLORATIONEMD Indonesia Convention

Jim Webb

February 18, 2020

Jakarta, Indonesia

Presentation Objectives

• What is biodiversity?

• Why do we manage it?

• Regulations and Guidelines

• Exploration considerations to manage a site’s environmental footprint with an eye on costs.

2

What is biological diversity?

Convention on Biological Diversity1 defines biodiversity as:

"the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and

other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes

diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems”

Biological diversity is often understood at three levels:

1. species,

2. genetic, and

3. ecosystem diversity1 http://www.biodiv.be/biodiversity/about_biodiv/biodiv-what

3

Biodiversity in Indonesia

Occupying only 1.3 % of the world’s land surface, Indonesia has 12 % of the world’s mammal species, 16 % of the herpetofauna species, 17 % of the bird species, and 25 % of the fish species.

There are approximately 600 mammal species (280 are endemic), 411 reptile species (150 endemic), 270 amphibian species (100 endemic) and 1,531 bird species (26 % endemic).

Known species of non-fish vertebrates total 2,906 (927 endemic).

30,000 to 35,000 plant species, the fifth highest level in the world (BAPPENAS 1993). Indonesia is host to the world’s richest coral species biodiversity (450 species) (Wilkinson 2000).

4

Why do we manage biodiversity?

Biodiversity and ecosystem services contribute directly to human well-being and development priorities.

Natural environment provides the basic conditions without which humans could not survive.

Nearly half of the world’s population is directly dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods.

Indonesia Business Council for Sustainable Development collaborating to develop a module on biodiversity management in mining areas.

5

Indonesian regulations

Biodiversity Conservation (No. 5/1990 – is being revised), Spatial Planning (No. 26/2007), Environmental Protection and Management (No. 32/2009), Mineral and Coal Mining Law (No. 4/2009), Forestry Law (No. 41/1999), and Regional Autonomy Law (23/2014)

Several government Regulations and Decrees from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry & Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources;

The principal agency in charge is the DG of KSDAE (Natural Resources and Ecosystem Conservation), DG of PHPL (Sustainable Production Forest Management), and DG of PDAS-HL (Watershed and Protected Forest Management), MOEF. MOEF has prepared together with BAPPENAS, the Biodiversity Action Plan in Indonesia (2015-2020).

6

7

Exploration Construction Operations Closure

• EIA (UKL-UPL) –monitoring report (MOEF)

• Reclamation plan –quarterly report (MEMR)

• Forest Area Borrow-Use Permit: Forest Rehabilitation Plan –Monitoring and Performance Evaluation (MOEF)

• EIA (AMDAL) –monitoring report (MOEF, MEMR, Local Government)

• Reclamation plan –quarterly report (MEMR)

• Forest Area Borrow-Use Permit: Forest Restoration Plan –Compensation Area

• Mine Reclamation and Closure Plan (MEMR)

• Environmental and Social Monitoring Program (6 monthly reporting period)

• Regular monitoring report to MEMR including Mine Reclamation Plan report (MEMR)

• Progressive land rehabilitation program and reporting

• Closure period is defined in the mine closure plan

• Forest area to be returned back to the government (MOEF) –forest restoration

• Non forest area is submitted to the local government – final land use is defined in the mine closure plan based on FGDs

Mine life cycles

International Finance Corporation

IFC Performance Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources Addresses how clients can sustainably manage and mitigate

impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services throughout the project’s lifecycle through an ESMS.

Objectives: To protect and conserve biodiversity. To maintain the benefits from ecosystem services. To promote the sustainable management of living natural resources.

The Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme1: Actions designed to compensate for significant residual adverse

biodiversity impacts arising from project development. Achieve no net loss and preferably a net gain: species composition,

habitat structure, ecosystem function and people’s use and cultural values.

© Hatfield Consultants. All Rights Reserved. 9

1 https://shapingsustainablemarkets.iied.org/business-and-biodiversity-offsets-program-bbop

Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme

Principle 7: Contribute to conservation of biodiversity and integrated approaches to land use planning.ICMM Toolkit To help site practitioners and their support groups make sound

decisions based on closure aspects in a holistic manner. To be used to promote a more disciplined approach to integrated

closure planning and to increase the uniformity of good practices across the sector. The concepts apply equally well to both large and small companies.

© Hatfield Consultants. All Rights Reserved. 10

InternationalCouncil on Mining and Metals

ICMM biodiversity mitigation hierarchy

ICMM mitigation hierarchy1:

• Avoid – anticipation and prevention of adverse impacts on biodiversity before actions or decisions are taken

• Minimise – reduction in the duration, intensity, significance and/or extent of impacts that cannot be realistically avoided

• Restore – measures taken to repair degradation or damage to specific biodiversity features and ecosystems

• Offset – conservation outcomes applied to areas not impacted by a project to compensate for significant and adverse impacts of a mining project that cannot be avoided or restored.1 https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/environment/biodiversity/managing-biodiversity

Biodiversity screening during exploration

Describe environmental conditions in the area, with regards to identifying and assessing potential direct and/or indirect impacts to ecological components:

• Use available data, including spatial data, high-resolution satellite imagery, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data, and literature searches.

• Map land-cover classification.

• Screen project area relative to nationally and internationally recognized protected areas, sensitive habitat areas, and high biodiversity areas.

• Review species of concern in the project area.

• Assess natural features such as rivers for ecological value and ecosystem services to communities.

Baseline surveys, monitoring and adaptive managementAvoid, minimize, restore and offset through:

• Complete, reliable baseline data.

• Knowledge management – updating of baseline data.

• Monitoring.

• Adaptive management.

• Augment conservations initiatives.

Biomonitoring and passive treatment

TSF discharge fish monitoring Fe and Mn passive treatment pond

Slide 15© Hatfield Consultants Mekong. All Rights Reserved.

HATFIELD CONSULTANTS

• Hatfield Consultants• Environmental services to

industry and government for 45 years

• 2,500 projects completed in over 40 countries

• 200 professional staff in offices in Canada, Southeast Asia, and Africa

• ISO 9001:2008 certified

25 YEARS LATER…..Terima kasihThank you

17