Biodiversity and Conservation
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Transcript of Biodiversity and Conservation
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Biodiversity and Conservation
Section 1: Biodiversity
Section 2: Threats to Biodiversity
Section 3: Conserving Biodiversity
What is biodiversity?
Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the variety of life in an area that is determined by the number of different species in that area.
Section 1 Biodiversity and Conservation
Biodiversity increases the stability of an ecosystem and contributes to the health of the biosphere.
The variety of genes or inheritable characteristics that are present in a population comprises its genetic diversity.
Genetic diversity increases the chances that some species will survive during changing environmental conditions or during the outbreak of disease.
Biodiversity and Conservation
Biodiversity
Section 1
The number of different species and the relative abundance of each species in a biological community is called species diversity.
Biodiversity
Biodiversity and ConservationSection 1
The variety of ecosystems that are present in the biosphere is called ecosystem diversity.
Biodiversity and Conservation
An ecosystem is made up of interacting populations and the abiotic factors that support them.
Biodiversity
Section 1
The Importance of Biodiversity
Biodiversity and Conservation
Most of the world’s food crops come from just a few species.
Biodiversity
Section 1
Wild species serve as reservoirs of desirable genetic traits that might be needed to improve commercial crop species.
Scientists continue to find new extracts from plants and other organisms that help in the treatment of human diseases.
A healthy biosphere provides many services to humans and other organisms that live on Earth.
Biodiversity and Conservation
Natural processes provide drinking water that is safe for human use.
Green plants provide oxygen to the atmosphere and remove carbon dioxide
Biodiversity
Section 1
Extinction Rates
The gradual process of species becoming extinct is known as background extinction.
Threats to Biodiversity
Biodiversity and Conservation
Mass extinction is an event in which a large percentage of all living species become extinct in a relatively short period of time.
Section 2
Biodiversity and ConservationSection 2
Biodiversity and Conservation
Threats to Biodiversity
Section 2
Biodiversity and ConservationSection 2
Biodiversity and Conservation
Factors that Threaten Biodiversity
Humans are changing conditions on Earth faster than new traits can evolve to cope with the new conditions.
The current high rate of extinction is due to the activities of a single species—Homo sapiens.
Threats to Biodiversity
Section 2
Biodiversity and Conservation
Overexploitation
Bison Passenger pigeons Ocelot Rhinoceros
Overexploitation, or excessive use, of species that have economic value is a factor increasing the current rate of extinction.
Threats to Biodiversity
Section 2
Biodiversity and Conservation
Habitat Loss
If a habitat is destroyed or disrupted, the native species might have to relocate or they will die.
Destruction of Habitat
The destruction of habitat, such as the clearing of tropical rain forests, has a direct impact on global biodiversity.
Threats to Biodiversity
Section 2
Biodiversity and Conservation
Disruption of Habitat
The declining population of one species can affect an entire ecosystem.
Threats to Biodiversity
Section 2
Biodiversity and Conservation
Fragmentation of Habitat The separation of an ecosystem into small pieces
of land is called habitat fragmentation. The smaller the parcel of land, the fewer species it
can support. Fragmentation reduces the opportunities for
individuals in one area to reproduce with individuals from another area.
Carving the large ecosystem into small parcels increases the number of edges—creating edge effects.
Threats to Biodiversity
Section 2
Biodiversity and Conservation
Pollution
Pollution and atmospheric changes threaten biodiversity and global stability.
Biological magnification is the increasing concentration of toxic substances in organisms as trophic levels increase in a food chain or food web.
Threats to Biodiversity
Section 2
Biodiversity and Conservation
Acid Precipitation
Sulfur and nitrogen compounds react with water and other substances in the air to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
Acid precipitation removes calcium, potassium, and other nutrients from the soil, depriving plants of these nutrients.
Threats to Biodiversity
Section 2
Assessing Water Quality
Biodiversity and Conservation
Eutrophication
Eutrophication occurs when substances rich in nitrogen and phosphorus flow into waterways, causing extensive algae growth.
The algae use up the oxygen supply during their rapid growth and after their deaths during the decaying process.
Other organisms in the water suffocate.
Threats to Biodiversity
Section 2
Biodiversity and Conservation
Introduced Species Nonnative species that are either intentionally or
unintentionally transported to a new habitat are known as introduced species.
Introduced species often reproduce in large numbers because of a lack of predators, and become invasive species in their new habitat.
Threats to Biodiversity
Section 2
Conserving Biodiversity
Biodiversity and Conservation
Natural Resources
The consumption rate of natural resources is not evenly distributed.
Section 3
Resources that are replaced by natural processes faster than they are consumed are called renewable resources.
Biodiversity and Conservation
Resources that are found on Earth in limited amounts or those that are replaced by natural processes over extremely long periods of time are called nonrenewable resources.
Conserving Biodiversity
Section 3
Biodiversity and Conservation
Sustainable use means using resources at a rate in which they can be replaced or recycled while preserving the long-term environmental health of the biosphere.
Conserving Biodiversity
Section 3
Protecting Biodiversity
Biodiversity and Conservation
Currently, about seven percent of the world’s land is set aside as some type of reserve.
The United Nations supports a system of Biosphere Reserves and World Heritage sites.
Conserving Biodiversity
Section 3
Biodiversity Hotspots
Biodiversity and Conservation
At least 1500 species of vascular plants are endemic.
The region must have lost at least 70 percent of its original habitat.
These hot spots originally covered 15.7 percent of Earth’s surface, however, only about a tenth of that habitat remains.
Conserving Biodiversity
Section 3
Biodiversity and ConservationSection 3
Corridors Between Habitat Fragments
Biodiversity and Conservation
Improve the survival of biodiversity by providing corridors, or passageways, between habitat fragments
Creates a larger piece of land that can sustain a wider variety of species and a wider variety of genetic variation
Conserving Biodiversity
Section 3
Biodiversity and Conservation
The larger the affected area, the longer it takes for the biological community to recover.
Restoring Ecosystems
Conserving Biodiversity
Section 3
Biodiversity and Conservation
Bioremediation
The use of living organisms, such as prokaryotes, fungi, or plants, to detoxify a polluted area is called bioremediation
Conserving Biodiversity
Section 3
Biological Augmentation
Biodiversity and Conservation
Adding natural predators to a degraded ecosystem is called biological augmentation.
Conserving Biodiversity
Section 3
Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter Resource Menu
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
Formative Test Questions
Chapter Assessment Questions
Standardized Test Practice
connected.mcgraw-hill.com
Glencoe Biology Transparencies
Image Bank
Vocabulary
AnimationClick on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature.
Chapter
1. A2. B3. C4. D
CDQ 1
Which factor is most responsible for the lack of plants in polar regions?
A. heavy grazing by herbivores
B. little precipitation
C. no soil for plants to take root
D. not enough sunlight
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
1. A2. B3. C4. D
CDQ 2
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
What form of pollution is caused by extensive algae growth in waterways?
A. acid precipitation
B. eutrophication
C. biological magnification
D. edge effects
1. A2. B3. C4. D
CDQ 3
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
Which is not a renewable resource?
A. solar energy
B. fossil fuels
C. agricultural plants
D. clean water
1. A2. B3. C4. D
FQ 1
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
Which has indirect economic value?
A. ecosystems that decompose wastesB. organisms that provide food and shelterC. plants that contain medicinal substancesD. species that havedesirable genetic traits
Section 1 Formative Questions
1. A
2. B
FQ 2
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
Section 1 Formative Questions
It is likely that some of the world’s unidentified species will have economic value.
A. true
B. false
1. A
2. B
3. C
FQ 3
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
Section 1 Formative Questions
When does the aesthetic value of an ecosystem become most apparent?
A. when scientists begin to study the ecosystem
B. when the ecosystem has been destroyed
C. when the ecosystem is given economic value
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
FQ 4
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
A. background extinction
B. mass extinction
C. natural extinction
D. progressive extinction
Which describes the current rate of species disappearance?
Section 2 Formative Questions
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
FQ 5
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
A. deserts
B. grasslands
C. tropical forests
D. temperate forests
Where are most extinctions likely to occur in the near future?
Section 2 Formative Questions
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
FQ 6
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
A. habitat loss
B. eutrophication
C. overexploitation
D. nonnative predators
What is the primary factor that has endangered the North American bison and the white rhinoceros?
Section 2 Formative Questions
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
FQ 7
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
A. habitat loss
B. human predators
C. transported diseases
D. background extermination
What is the number one cause of species extinction today?
Section 2 Formative Questions
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
FQ 8
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
A. agricultural plants
B. clean water
C. forest timber
D. mineral deposits
Which resource is nonrenewable?
Section 3 Formative Questions
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
FQ 9
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
A. farming
B. logging
C. oil drilling
D. commercial fishing
For which human activity is sustainable use not possible?
Section 3 Formative Questions
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
FQ 10
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
Which is an example of bioremediation?
A. replanting trees in an area affected by acid rainB. using microorganisms to detoxify an oil spillC. enacting a law that protects endangered
amphibiansD. introducing natural predators to control a crop
pest
Section 3 Formative Questions
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
CAQ 1
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
Look at the figure. Name the process that is occurring with the increasing concentration of DDT.
A. pollution
B. extinction
C. biological magnification
D. habitat fragmentation
Chapter Assessment Questions
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
CAQ 2
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
Use the graph to determine the approximate recovery time for a volcanic eruption.
A. 1–10 years
B. 10–100 years
C. 100–1000 years
D. 1000 years or more
Chapter Assessment Questions
Biodiversity and Conservation
Explain how killer whales adapted to their environment when their primary food source began to disappear.
Answer: Killer whales started to prey onsea otters instead of sea lionsand harbor seals.
Chapter
CAQ 3
Chapter Assessment Questions
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
STP 1
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
A. ecosystem diversity
B. genetic diversity
C. social diversity
D. species diversity
Which type of biodiversity increases as you move geographically from the polar regions to the equator?
Standardized Test Practice
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
STP 2
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
Standardized Test Practice
A. It increases the number of organisms that have useful genes.
B. It increases the ability of a species to adapt to environmental changes.
C. It produces a variety of species within a biological community.
D. It randomly distributes members of a species throughout an ecosystem.
How does genetic diversity increase a species’ chance of survival?
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
STP 3
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
Standardized Test Practice
If a toxic substance enters this food web, which animals will have the highest concentration of the toxic substance in their tissues?
A. fishes
B. killer whales
C. sea otters
D. sea urchins
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
STP 4
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
Standardized Test Practice
A. acid rain
B. fertilizers
C. PCBs
D. pesticides
What type of substances causes eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems?
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
STP 5
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
Standardized Test Practice
Which factor has the greatest impact on a country’s rate of natural resource consumption?
A. land area
B. population
C. industrialization
D. availability of resources
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
STP 6
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
Standardized Test Practice
Which event has the greatest potential to cause irreversible damage to biodiversity?
A. oil spill
B. urbanization
C. industrial pollution
D. modern agriculture
Biodiversity and Conservation
Glencoe Biology Transparencies
Chapter
Biodiversity and Conservation
Image Bank
Chapter
extinction
biodiversity
genetic diversity
species diversity
ecosystem diversity
Biodiversity and Conservation
Vocabulary
Section 1
Section 1
background
extinction
mass extinction
natural resource
overexploitation
habitat
fragmentation
edge effect
biological
magnification
eutrophication
introduced species
Biodiversity and Conservation
Vocabulary
Section 2
Section 2
renewable resource
nonrenewable resource
sustainable use
endemic
bioremediation
biological augmentation
Biodiversity and Conservation
Vocabulary
Section 3
Section 3
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter
Visualizing Biodiversity Hot Spots
Animation
Biodiversity and ConservationChapter