Biodiversity and Conservation

Prokaryota: A Kingdom Divided1) Archaea– Possible oldest forms of life– Extremophiles

• Live in high temps, pH, salinity

2) Bacteria– Live pretty much everywhere…even all

over and inside you• Features:– No nucleus; have nucleoid (ball of DNA)– Circular chromosome/ plasmids– No-membrane bound organelles

• Mitochondria, Goli, etc…– Small ribosomes– Most are unicellular

Protoctista• Group of leftovers• Anything eukaryote that is

not really a plant, fungi, or animal is a protoctist

• Features:– Eukaryotic; have a nucleus and

membrane-bound organelles– Mostly unicellular– Animal-like; no cell wall and

heterotrophs (eat things)– Plant-like; photosynthetic

Fungi• Look like plants but do not

act like plants• Do NOT do photosynthesis;

they are heterotrophs• Features:– Eukaryotic– Unicellular or multicellular– Spore reproduction cycle– Cell walls BUT made of chitin

not cellulose– Never have cilia/flagella

Plantea• Look like plants because they

are…• Features:– Multicelluar eukaryotes– Do photosynthesis;

autotrophes– Cell walls made from cellulose– Some parts can have flagella

Animalia• Don’t look like plants

because they aren’t…• Okay, sometimes they look

like plants• Features:– Multicellular eukaryotes– Heterotrophes; no

photosynthesis– No cell walls; full motion

bodies– Some cells have cilia/flagella

Breakdown ReviewProkaryotic Eukaryotic

• Prokaryota • Protocista• Fungi • Plantae• Animalia

Autotrophic Heterotrophic

• Protocista• Plantae

• Prokaryota• Protocista• Fungi• Animalia

This Island “Earth”• What are the limiting factors on an

island?– Space, food, fresh water…

• The Earth is an closed system:– Energy is exchanged but matter is not

exchanged– The resources on the Earth are limited

• Most population are kept under control by natural limits on growth– Food, space, competition, predation,

disease…• Humans have developed a new way to

live by taking control of our environment

• Since nature cannot complete control our growth, it is our responsibility to do it ourselves

Humans Take Control• What is man’s greatest invention?

– Agriculture• Growing our own food means we

are not limited by nature as much• What happened after agriculture

started?1) Society formed jobs, hierarchy,

and economics are born2) Cities are created to increase trade

and wealth3) Suburbs grew from cities (urban

sprawl) because they are safer and cleaner

4) Cities fall apart (urban decay) and humans expand outward into nature

Rapid Growth• What major moments promoted

the sudden jumps in human population?

1) Industrial Revolution major growth in industry created more money, more jobs, and better education

2) Understanding Medicine money and growth gives us the resources to improve science which lead to better medicine and longer lifespans

3) Computer Age computers take technology/science to a place never thought possible and society raises its standard of living

Too Much of Everything• Why is a growing population

AND higher standards the path to uncontrolled environmental damage?

1) More food is needed people want meat but 5lbs of wheat is needed to make 1lb of meat

2) More technology built on rare elements that will get harder to find forcing us to dig deeper into the Earth

3) More energy both 1 and 2 mean more energy is needed for each person to live the life they want

What is the Answer?• Sustainable Development

– Society must balance growth with the resources that are available, growth in society, and growth in the economy

• 2 types of resources:1) Renewable resources can be

replaced in a short length of time– Trees, animal populations,

alternative forms of energy…2) Nonrenewable resources can

be replaces but will take longer than society can wait– Coal, oil, natural gas, rivers/lakes

Group Discussion• Break up into 3 groups• Read the question and

discuss • Write down your

thought and be prepared to explain your answers to the class

Discussion Questions• Group 1:– In what countries is sustainable development most

important? Explain why.• Group 2:– How might you stop or slow down the growth of cities

as more and more people move to cities looking for work?

• Group 3:– Do you think governments/society should limit the

excess to meat products since raising animals has such a negative impact on an environment? Why?