BIODIESEL Purchase Policy & Specifications

BIODIESEL Purchase Policy & Specifications

BIODIESEL R&D at IOC

• Jatropha Plantation• Trans-esterification Process Optimization • Biodiesel Quality Control Lab • Emission Studies • Field Trials on Buses Jointly with Haryana

Roadways and Ashok Leyland• Field Trials on Trains, Jointly with Indian Railways• Field Trials on Automobiles, Jointly with Tata

Motors, Escorts Tractors and Mahindra & Mahindra

VALUE CHAIN R&D TO ACHIEVE B20 BLENDING

Biodiesel Purchase Policy

• MoPN&G declared Biodiesel Purchase Policy on 9th Oct. 2005

• Effective from 1.1.2006• Emphasis on

– Standard Quality (as per BIS Spec)– Uniform Price (Rs. 25 / Litre)– Setting up of 20 Purchase Centres by Oil PSUs– Assured Market to Farmers & Entrepreneurs

Biodiesel Purchase Centres

• Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand & Orissa – Ghatkesar, AP (HPC)

• Chattisgarh – Mandirhasaud (HPC)• Delhi – Bijwasan (IOC)• Gujarat – Kandla (BPC)• Haryana – Rewari (IOC)• Karnataka – Devanagunthi, Bangalore

(IOC) & Mangalore (IOC)

Biodiesel Purchase Centres

• Madhya Pradesh – Mangliagaon,Indore, (IOC)• Maharashtra – Manmad (BPC); Nagpur (BPC); Loni

(HPC) & Vashi (HPC)• Punjab – Bhatinda (IOC)• Rajasthan – Jaipur (BPC); Salawas (HPC)• Tamilnadu – Chennai (IOC); Narimanam (IBP) & Karur

(BPC)• UP & Uttaranchal – Panki (IOC) & Amousi (IBP)

Biodiesel Purchase Policy

• Biodiesel manufacturers to approach State Level Coordinators (SLC) for registration as supplier

• SLC to assess the production capacity and credibility of the supplier and quality of the product

• Registration valid for one year and renewable on change of manufacturing process or raw material

• Priority to be given to producers using non-edible tree borne seed oils and supporting farmers in this context

Biodiesel Quality Checks

• Product to meet all specifications prescribed in PCD3(2242)C Draft BIS Specifications dated 26.7.2004

• Industry Manual on Operations, Quality & Safety for Biodiesel to be made available by OMCs to Biodiesel Manufacturers

• Every consignment to meet the specifications for six critical tests

• Testing charges at oil terminals to be borne by OMCs

Critical Biodiesel Tests

• Density @ 15oC• Kinematic Viscosity @ 40oC• Flash Point• Water Content• Copper Corrosion• Acid Value

• Delivery in tank trucks of capacity not less than 10 KL • Every consignment to be tested for above parameters

TRANS-ESTERIFICATION PROCESS

CH2OCOR’

|

CHOCOR”

|

CH2OCOR”’

TRIGLYCERIDES

3 ROH

ALCOHOL

Catalyst

CH2OH

|

CHOH

|

CH2OH

GLYCEROL

ROCOR’

+

ROCOR’’

+

ROCOR’’’

FAME OR BIODIESEL

Biodiesel to be free from residual Vegetable Oil, FFA, gums, water, catalyst, methanol and glycerine

Property (Units)

Test Methods

(Limits) Significance

Flash Point

(°C)

D-93

(Min 120)

Temperature at which fuel produce ignitable

vapor-air mixture on exposure to a flame Mechanism to limit level of unreacted

alcohol remaining in biodiesel

Phosphorus (mg/Kg)

ASTM D-4951

(Max 10)

Phosphorus damages catalytic converters

used in emissions control systems

Water content (mg/Kg)

ASTM D-2709

(Max 500)

Causes corrosion of tanks & equipments Check trace of water remaining after washing

Density at 15oC, Kg/m3

ISO-3675

(860-900)

To match with typical test values

Biodiesel Specifications

Property (Units)

ASTM Methods

(Limits) Significance

Carbon Residue (Ramsbottom)

(% mass)

D- 4530

(Max 0.05)

Measure of carbonaceous material left in

a fuel after all volatile components are

vaporized in absence of air and carbon

depositing tendencies of a fuel oil

Sulfated Ash

(% mass)

D- 874

(Max 0.02)

To check the presence of residual catalyst and other impurities Results in injector, fuel pump, piston &

ring wear, engine deposits & filter

plugging

Viscosity at 40°C (cSt)

D- 445

(2.5-6.0)

Measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow Imp. for estimation of optimum handling & operational conditions

Biodiesel Specifications

Property (Units)

Test Methods

(Limits) Significance

Sulfur

(mg/Kg)

ASTM D- 5453

(Max. 50)

Effects engine wear & deposits in

combustion chamber & on pistons Effects emissions control systems

performance

Cetane number

P:9

(Min 51)

Measure of ignition quality of fuel

Influences white smoke & combustion

roughness Requirement depends on engine design, size,

nature of speed, load variations, on starting &

atmospheric conditions

Copper Corrosion

(3 hrs at 50oC)

P:15

(Max 1)

Measure of possible difficulties with Cu and

brass/bronze parts of fuel system Test is designed to assess relative degree of

corrosivity of a Fuel

Biodiesel Specifications

Property (Units)

ASTM Methods

(Limits) Significance

Acid Value (mg KOH/g)

D-664 (Max 0.50)

Measure of total acidity of fuel & indicates its tendency to corrode metals Check level of FFA Its high value in biodiesel increases fueling system deposits

Free Glycerin

(% mass)

D-6584

(Max 0.02)

Check byproduct glycerin in biodiesel Cause injector deposits, clogged fueling

systems & build up of free glycerin in the

bottom during storage & fueling system

Total Glycerin

(% mass)

D-6584

(Max 0.25)

Includes free glycerin & glycerin portion of any unreacted/partially reacted oil/fat Check level of intermediate glycerides Cause injector deposits & adversely

affect cold weather operation

Biodiesel Specifications

Other Salient Proposals of Biodiesel Purchase Policy

• Networking of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI) with NOVOD Board, DBT & NBRI for good quality seeds and saplings

• Networking of PRIs with entrepreneurs for seed collection, oil extraction & biodiesel production

• PCRA in association with Ministry of Panchayati Raj and State Govts to conduct mass awareness programs on Jatropha & Biodiesel

Other Salient Proposals of Biodiesel Purchase Policy

• R&D studies and field trials to be continued to achieve 20% Biodiesel blending and to be coordinated by IOC R&D

• Progress of the implementation of the Biodiesel Purchase Policy by OMCs to be monitored by Petroleum Policy and Analysis Cell (PPAC) and report the progress to MoP&NG on regular basis

Conclusions

• Biodiesel to be free from residual Vegetable Oil, FFA, gums, water, catalyst, methanol and glycerine

• To achieve 20% Biodiesel Blending – India needs > 10 MMT of Biodiesel

• That requires Jatropha plantation on approx. 10 million hectares

• Leading to creation of millions of jobs and substantial reduction in pollution level

Thank You