Biodiesel Basics for the Beginner_VaCC

7/27/2019 Biodiesel Basics for the Beginner_VaCC

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VIRGINIA CLEAN CITIES

VIRGINIA

ABC Coalition

2004 Peer Review Report

Atlanta-Chicago Regional Peer Review Meeting

Indianapolis, IndianaAugust 30 September 1, 2004

Biodiesel Basics for the BeginnerChelsea Jenkins and Al Christopher

Virginia Clean Cities

Hampton Roads Clean Cities Coalition

Biodiesel Public Education Forum

May 30, 2007

Hollins University


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VIRGINIAOverview

Brief overview what is Clean Cities? Biodiesel Basics

Advantages/disadvantages

WVO, SVO, homebrew, commercial, ASTM

Users, availability


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VIRGINIAEnergy InSecurity

THE U.S. IMPORTS OVER ONE-HALF OF ITS PETROLEUM

Source: EIA AEO 2006

TRANSPORTATION PETROLEUM

USE 67% OF OVERALL USE

TRANSPORTATION IS 97%

DEPENDENT ON PETROLEUM


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Clean Cities

National US DoE voluntary program to promote energyindependence in transportation

80 Coalitions nationwide

One designated Coalition in Virginia (Hampton Roads) Statewide effort ongoing

DoE Website:

http://www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/

Virginia Clean Cities:

http://www.hrccc.org


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VIRGINIABiofuels

Fossil Fuel: a hydrocarbon fuel, such as petroleum,derived from living matter of a previous geologic time. Coal, Oil, Natural Gas

Biofuel: Any fuel that derives from biomass recentlyliving organisms or their metabolic byproducts

Biodiesel, Ethanol

Primary drivers behind introducing biofuels include: Reduce dependency on fossil-fuels Reduce GHG emissions (reduce impact on health,environment)

Improve energy security Contribute to rural development through domesticproduction


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What is Biodiesel

1. Mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids (i.e. methyl or ethyl esters)2. A diesel replacement fuel produced from vegetable oils, animal fats,recycled cooking grease

Physical properties very similar to conventional diesel

Must meet the quality requirements of ASTM D6751

Biodiesel Blend: mixture of biodiesel and petroleum diesel

BXX = volume XX% biodiesel

Most common blends are B5, B20
http://www.uwyo.edu/plants/AECLclub/biodiesel.jpg


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Biodiesel is NOT unrefined vegetable oil

or used cooking oil

What Is Not Biodiesel?


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SVO/WVO Vegetable oil can be used in diesel engine Much more viscous Doesnt burn the same Many studies have found SVO can lead to engine carbon deposits,

reducing engine life or increasing maintenance costs Successful SVO use is documented, but use requires considerable

modifications to diesel equipment

SVO has strong following Elsbett single and double tank SVO fuel systems from Germany

Single tank system seems to get best reviews: The kit includes modifiedinjector nozzles, stronger glow plugs, dual fuel heating, temperaturecontrols and parallel fuel filters.

ANTICIPATE PROBLEMS AND COSTS ASSOCIATED WITHCONVERSION



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Waste Oil Similar to confusion between biodiesel and WVO Referred to as used motor oil or waste engine oil Used oil can be re-refined into base stock for lubricting oil If you recycle 2 gals of used oil, it can generate enough electricity to run

average household for almost 24 hours (API, http://www.recycleoil.org/) Waste motor oil furnaces (UL listed, EPA approved)

www.cleanburn.com



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VIRGINIABiodiesel

Advantages:

Its Easy: Transparent to end-user, easy toimplement

LDV/HDV, marine, underground mining

No increased vehicle equipment cost

Minimal infrastructure impact (blending, storage,availability, vehicles)


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VIRGINIABiodiesel

Advantages:

Its Domestic (or can be): MADE IN USA

It Can Stimulate Local Economies andSupport Farmers

value added product, supports rural economies, protectsfarmland from development pressures

algae coconut hemp mustard seed

pumpkin seedavocado coffee jatropha oats

rapeseedbrazil nuts coriander jojoba oil palm

safflowercalendula corn (maize) kenaf olives

sesamecashew nut cotton linseed (flax) opium poppy

soybeancastor beans euphorbia lupine peanuts

sunflowerscocoa (cacao) hazelnuts macadamia nuts pecan nuts


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VIRGINIABiodiesel

Advantages:

Its Renewable, Biodegradable, & Nontoxic

Its Efficient: Very favorable energy balance, ~3.2 to 1 (debatable,but most find more efficient than petroleum)

Its Engine Friendly: Superior engine performance

High flash point: 260F v 117F

Lubricity properties

Higher cetane rating
http://www.uwyo.edu/plants/AECLclub/biodiesel.jpg


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VIRGINIABiodiesel

Advantages:

Its Healthier: Lower emissions(Example: DDC Series 50), US DoA, US DoE

Carbon monoxide: 38% lower

Unburned HC: 83% lower

Oxides of Nitrogen: still debated Particulates: 49% lower

Smoke and odor are much better

PAH, nPAH, & air toxics lower

It Contributes less to Greenhouse

Gases

Closed carbon cycle in theory

Still petroleum involved inagriculture process andtransportation, so not entirely

closed

BIODIESELDIESEL


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Disadvantages:

Increased price relative to diesel

Petroleum displacement potentialof B20 relatively limited

Beginning of industry growth has

caused some commodity priceincreases that are limiting

Biodiesel

Retail price calculator for biodiesel blends

B2 B5 B10 B20

gallons: 100 100 100 100petro gals: 98 95 90 80

bio gals: 2 5 10 20

petro price: 2.430 2.430 2.430 2.430petro total: 238.14 230.85 218.70 194.40

bio price: 2.830 2.830 2.830 2.830

bio total: 5.66 14.15 28.30 56.60total cost 243.80 245.00 247.00 251.00

blend price 2.438 2.450 2.470 2.510

fed tax 0.244 0.244 0.244 0.244

va tax 0.160 0.160 0.160 0.160

total 2.842 2.854 2.874 2.914


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Disadvantages:

Cold handling and storage of B100

soybean based biodiesel start to crystallize at 0C

Oxidative stability

old fuel can become acidic and form sediments and varnish

Excellent solvent

filter clogging during transition from petrol diesel

replace natural rubber components

Supply

Biodiesel


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VIRGINIAMaking biodiesel

The beauty of biodiesel is it can be made on any scale, and by anydespite level of chemical processing experience

For a great video tutorial on how biodiesel can be made from manyfeedstocks, check out the JMU biodiesel conference website for 2006,

view webcast at top, and forward to How Biodiesel is Made by ChrisBachmann: http://www.cisat.jmu.edu/biodiesel/conference2006.html

Or visit the Collaborative Biodiesel Tutorial:http://www.biodieselcommunity.org/howitsmade/ (includes recipes forbeginners with pictures and detailed instructions)

Make sure you understand the health and safety risks involved!!!
http://www.cisat.jmu.edu/biodiesel/conference2006.htmlhttp://www.biodieselcommunity.org/howitsmade/http://www.biodieselcommunity.org/howitsmade/http://www.cisat.jmu.edu/biodiesel/conference2006.html


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VIRGINIAHomebrew vs Commercial Production

FuelMeister Biodieselgear 60


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VIRGINIAHomebrew vs Commercial Production

JMU Processor I

Appleseed (w/ standpipe wash tank)

www.biodieselcommunity.org


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VIRGINIAHomebrew vs Commercial

Source:www.jsonline.com/bym/news/j

an06/389013.asp

Source:http://www.mnsoy.com/biodiesel_

pricing.htm

MN Biodiesel Plants


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VIRGINIAHomebrew vs Commercial Quality

Industry organization that defines the consensus on fuels is the AmericanSociety for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

ASTM fuel standards are the minimum accepted values for properties ofthe fuel to provide adequate customer satisfaction and/or protection.

Dec 2001 -- ASTM approved the full standard for biodiesel, with the newdesignation of D-6751. Standard covers pure biodiesel (B100), for blendingwith petrodiesel in levels up to 20% by volume. Higher levels on case-by-case basis.

http://www.biodiesel.org/resources/fuelfactsheets/standards_and_wa

rranties.shtm


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VIRGINIAHomebrew vs Commercial

No matter how its made (backyard or in commercial plant), out-of-specbiodiesel can result

NREL/NBB fuel quality testing project found at least one-third ofcommercial biodiesel samples pulled between November 2005 and

July 2006 were out of spec for incomplete processing Many homebrewers/small scale coops are making high quality biodieselall over the US, and some are struggling as well

QC testing can be $1700 for full ASTM slate tests, and labs are ~$30,000to install, and out of reach for many homebrewers

QUALITY IS IMPORTANT, SO ENSURE YOU ARE BUYING ASTM

QUALITY FUEL OR IF PRODUCING FOR SALE THAT IT MEETS ASTM

SPECS


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Biodiesel production & use has grown dramatically NBB estimates 75 million gallons in 2005

Current production capacity is more than 290 million annual gallons

More than 570 million annual gallons under construction or planned

Current U.S. avg. rack price $3.20/gal (vs. $2.40 for No. 2 diesel)

Prices pre-tax, pre-tax credit

Who Uses Biodiesel?

Whos using it?

U.S. Postal Service

U.S. DoD, DoE, and DoA

Countless school districts,transit authorities, national

parks, public utilitycompanies, and garbage

and recycling companies Credit: Robert McCormick, NREL


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VIRGINIACommercial Biodiesel Production Plants

Source: National Biodiesel Board


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VIRGINIABiodiesel retail locations

Source: National Biodiesel Board (Retailers and Distributors map)http://www.biodiesel.org/buyingbiodiesel/guide/default.shtm


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VIRGINIAMarket Development in Virginia B20 Fleets

VALLEY

PROTEINS

US NAVY

Portsmouth

Yorktown

Westmoreland

Schools

2004 Fleets

2005 Fleets

2006 Fleets


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Industry Analyses

MORE INFORMATION National Biodiesel Board: www.biodiesel.org

Virginia Clean Cities: www.hrccc.org

US Department of Energy Clean Cities:http://www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/blends/biodiesel.html

Iowa State Universitys Biomass Energy Conversion

Center (BECON): Biodiesel Short Course -

http://www.me.iastate.edu/biodiesel/Pages/biodiesel1.html

RESOURCE CD: Included as part of workshopseries


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VIRGINIA

www.hrccc.org

Al Christopher

804-436-3867

[email protected]

Contact Information

Hampton Roads

Virginia

www.hrccc.org

Chelsea Jenkins

757-256-8528

[email protected]

Biodiesel Basics for the Beginner_VaCC

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