Biocontrol Para Problemas en Pimientos y Tomates

Dr. Willem Ravensberg President IBMA

IBMA Forum:

The Biocontrol Industry and its place in Food Production

Fruit Logistica, Berlin, February 7, 2013

Fruit Logistica, 2013

Macrobials (natural enemies, such as parasitoids, predatory mites)

Microbials (fungi, bacteria, baculoviruses)

Pheromones and other semio-chemicals

Natural products (botanical extracts, natural substances, minerals, etc.)


Spider mites

Whiteflies

Thrips

Aphids

Caterpillars

Leafminers

Various minor pests

Natural enemies

Microorganisms

Pheromones


Spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) ◦ Predatory mites

Phytoseiulus persimilis Neoseiulus californicus, in sweet pepper

◦ Predators Feltiella acarisuga Macrolophus pygmaeus

◦ Anticipated new pest in tomato: T. evansi ◦ research for new predators in course


Whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Bemisia tabaci) ◦ Parasitoids

Encarsia formosa Eretmocerus eremicus E. mundus

◦ Predatory bugs – used in tomato

Macrolophus pygmaeus Nesidiocoris tenuis (S. Europe)

◦ Predatory mites – used in sweet pepper

Amblyseius swirskii Amblydromalus limonicus

◦ Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Botanigard, Naturalis) Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Preferal, Nofly) Lecanicillium muscarium (Mycotal)


Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis, Echinothrips

americanus) ◦ Predatory bugs

Orius laevigatus Orius majusculus Macrolophus pygmaeus

◦ Predatory mites Neoseiulus cucumeris Amblyseius swirskii Amblydromalus limonicus Transeius montdorensis

◦ Entomopathogenic fungi

Beauveria bassiana (Botanigard, Naturalis) Lecanicillium muscarium (Mycotal) Metarhizium anisopliae (Met52)


Aphids ◦ Aphis gossypii ◦ Aulacorthum solani ◦ Myzus persicae ◦ Macrosiphum euphorbiae ◦ Parasitoids

Aphelinus abdominalis Aphidius colemani Aphidius matricariae Aphidius ervi Ephedrus cerasicola Praon volucre

◦ Predators Aphidoletes aphidimyza Chrysoperla carnea Episyrphus balteatus Adalia bipunctata

◦ Natural products

Fatty acids Azadiractin (Neemazal) Bptanical extracts (Requiem)


Caterpillars ◦ Chrysodeixis chalcites ◦ Autographa gamma ◦ Laconobia oleracea ◦ Mamestra brassicae ◦ Ostrinia nubilalis ◦ Spodoptera spp. ◦ Heliothis spp. ◦ Tuta absoluta, in tomato

◦ Parasitoids

Trichogramma spp.

◦ Predators

Macrolophus pygmaeus Nesidiocoris tenuis

◦ Entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae

◦ Microbial pesticides

Bacillus thuringiensis Baculoviruses (SeNPV, SlNPV, HaNPV)

◦ Pheromones

monitoring, mass-trapping, mating disruption


Leafminers ◦ Liriomyza bryoniae ◦ L. huidobrensis ◦ L. trifolii

◦ Parasitoids

Diglyphus isaea

Dacnusa sibirica

◦ Predators

Macrolophus pygmaeus


Various minor pests, with only partial effective

BCAs ◦ Tarsonemid mites, gallmites ◦ Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Aculops lycopersici ◦ Various predatory mites

◦ Mealybugs:

Pseudococcus viburni, Phenacoccus solani, Phenacoccus solenopsis, Phenacoccus madeirensis

Leptomastyx algirica (only on P. solani) Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

◦ True plant bugs: Nezara viridula, Lygus spp.

◦ New exotic pest: pepper weevil (Anthomonus eugenii)


Foliar fungal diseases ◦ Powdery mildew

◦ Grey mould

◦ Others

Foliar bacterial and viral diseases

Soil diseases

Plant-parasitic nematodes

Microorganisms

Natural products


Powdery mildew ◦ Tomato

Oidium neolycopersicum, Leveillula taurica ◦ Sweet pepper

Leveillula taurica

Microbial biopesticides Antagonistic fungi

Ampelomyces quisqualis (AQ10) Antagonistic bacteria

Bacillus pumilis (Sonata)

Botanical products Regalia (Reynoutria sachalinensis), Vacciplant (Laminaria)

Natural products

Enzicur (milk enzyme)

Mineral products sulphur


Grey mould ◦ Botrytis cinerea

Microbial biopesticides Antagonistic fungi

Gliocladium catenulatum (Prestop)

Antagonistic bacteria

Bacillus subtilis (Serenade)

Botanical products ◦ Regalia (Reynoutria sachalinensis) ◦ Vacciplant (Laminaria)

Natural products ◦ Enzicur (milk enzyme)


Various foliar fungal diseases ◦ Phytophthora infestans, Didymella lycopersici, Fulvia fulva,

Alternaria sp., Fusarium spp.,

Various foliar bacterial diseases ◦ Clavibacter michiganensis ◦ others

Various foliar virus diseases ◦ Pepino mozaic virus (PepMV) ◦ Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) ◦ Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSMV) ◦ Others

Microbial biopesticides: could provide partial control by induced

resistance Pepino mosaic virus - weak virus (PMV-01) Zucchini yellow mosaic virus - weak virus


Fusarium spp. , Pythium ultimum, P. aphanidermatum, Verticillium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia spp., Phytopththora spp.,

Agrobacterium rhizogenes

◦ Microbial biopesticides

Antagonistic fungi

Trichoderma spp. (Trianum, Tusal, Remedier, etc)

Gliocladium catenulatum (Prestop)

Coniothyrium minitans (Contans)


Streptomyces K61 (Mycostop)

Bacillus subtilis (Serenade)

Soil diseases and solutions


Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)

Lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.)

Microbial biopesticides

Antagonistic fungi

Paecilomyces lilacinus (BioAct)


Bacillus firmus (pending)


Amblyseius swirskii


Each crops demands a specific Integrated Pest Management programme

Compatibility, interactions

Knowledge intensive, knowledge transfer by advisers

Continuous updating needed

Chemicals integrated as correction measures

System approach involves all stakeholders


What can we expect in the near future ?

Many BCAs products in research and development

The biopesticide industry is expanding and maturing fast

Registration is slowly adapting to biopesticides, still needs to improve

Regulations require use of non-chemical methods – Sustainable Use Directive (Dir. 2009/128/EC)

The consumer demands residue-free food

Biopesticides are becoming an essential tool in crop protection

[email protected] www.ibma-global.org

IBMA Forum: The Biocontrol Industry and its place in Food Production

Fruit Logistica, Berlin, February 7, 2013

Biocontrol Para Problemas en Pimientos y Tomates

Documents

Transcript of Biocontrol Para Problemas en Pimientos y Tomates