Bio Psychology Unit 2 Images

Intro to Biopsychology

Unit 2 images & Diagrams

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FIGURE 5.3 A color-enhanced midsagittal MRI scan.

FIGURE 5.4 Structural MRI can be used to provide three-dimensional images of the entire brain. (Courtesy of Bruce Foster and Robert Hare, University of British Columbia.)

Signal Averaging & ERP

FIGURE 5.12: The relation between a raw EMG signal and its integrated version. The subject tensed the muscle beneath the electrodes and then gradually relaxed it.

FIGURE 5.13: The typical placement of electrodes around the eye for electrooculography. The two electrooculogram traces were recorded as the subject scanned a circle.

Invasive Physiological Research Methods

FIGURE 5.14: Stereotaxic surgery: implanting an electrode in the rat amygdala

Invasive Physiological Research Methods

Rods & Cones

Layers 2,3,5 from ipsilateral eye

Layers 1,4,6 from contralateral eye

Layers 1 and 2 - Magnocellular Division: receives info from rods

Layers 3,4,5, and 6 – Parvocellular Division: receives info from cones


FIGURE 6.13 The retina-geniculate-striate system: the neural projections from the retinas through the lateral geniculate nuclei to the left and right primary visual cortex (striate cortex). The colors indicate the flow of information from various parts of the receptive fields of each eye to various parts of the visual system. (Adapted from Netter, 1962.)


FIGURE 6.24 The visual areas of the human cerebral cortex.


FIGURE 6.27 Some of the visual areas that have been identified in the human brain.

Orientation Sensitivity

Best orientation


FIGURE 6.19 The organization of the primary visual cortex: the receptive-field properties of cells encountered along typical vertical and horizontal electrode tracks in the primary visual cortex.


FIGURE 6.24 The visual areas of the human cerebral cortex.


FIGURE 6.29 The “where” versus “what” and the “control of behavior” versus “conscious perception” theories make different predictions.


FIGURE 7.2 Two models of sensory system organization: The former model was hierarchical, functionally homogeneous, and serial; the current model, which is more consistent with the evidence, is hierarchical, functionally segregated, and parallel.


FIGURE 7.3 The relation between the physical and perceptual dimensions of sound.

Sound Waves


FIGURE 7.6 Some of the pathways of the auditory system that lead from one ear to the cortex.


FIGURE 7.8 The hypothesized anterior and posterior auditory pathways.


FIGURE 7.12 The dorsal-column medial-lemniscus system.

FIGURE 7.13 The anterolateral system.


FIGURE 7.18 Basbaum and Fields’s (1978) model of the descending analgesia circuit.


FIGURE 8.1 A general model of the sensorimotor system.


FIGURE 8.2 The major cortical input and output pathways of the posterior parietal association cortex.


FIGURE 8.5 Four areas of secondary motor cortex—the supplementary motor area, the premotor cortex, and two cingulate motor areas—and their output to the primary motor cortex.


FIGURE 8.6 Responses of a mirror neuron of a monkey.


FIGURE 8.8 The two divisions of the dorsolateral motor pathway: the dorsolateral corticospinal tract and the dorsolateral corticorubrospinal tract.


FIGURE 8.9 The two divisions of the ventromedial motor pathway: the ventromedial corticospinal tract and the ventromedial cortico-brainstem-spinal tract.


FIGURE 8.13 The function of the intrafusal motor neurons.


FIGURE 8.14 The elicitation of a stretch reflex.


FIGURE 8.17 The excitatory and inhibitory signals that directly influence the activity of a motor neuron.

Bio Psychology Unit 2 Images

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