Bio 9D: Monday, January 3, 2011Title: Cell Specialization

Homework: Read Section 36.2 and take notes using

active reading strategies – see assignment sheet for details.

Silent Do Now – Not in your notebook! Get a worksheet and complete Task #1

Today’s Objectives: Compare & contrast structures of specialized cells Describe how different types of cells have different

structures to fit their functions

Today’s Agenda: Cell Specialization

Extended Do Now: Task #1

Compare answers with partner (2 min) Task #2

Complete quietly with partner (5 min) Class Discussion

Notes

Today’s Objectives: Compare & contrast structures of specialized cells Describe how different types of cells have different

structures to fit their functions

Extended Do Now: “Typical” Human Cell

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

Extended Do Now: Specialized Cells have Specialized Structures

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Biology 9 – Moretti & Dickson

The Musculoskeletal System

Overall Functions: Move the body, or parts of the

body Support body & maintain

posture(keep you standing/sitting upright)

Made up of… Skeletal muscles Bones (skeletal system) Connective tissues

Tendons connect muscle to bone

Ligaments connect bone to bone

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

Bio 9A/9D: Tuesday, January 4, 2011Title: Muscle Structure & Function

Homework: Two paragraphs in notebook – see

assignment sheet for details. Silent Do Now – In your notebook:

Based on yesterday’s class: Describe the shape and structure of a muscle cell How do you think this helps the muscle cell

function? Today’s Objectives:

Describe the structure and function of muscle cells Explain how muscles work together to move bones

Skeletal Muscle Attached to bones Contracts to create body

movements Controlled voluntarily Structured with fibers bundled

within fibers. The simplest muscle fiber is a muscle cell.

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

Zoom in…

Zoom in more…

Skeletal Muscle Cells

Long, narrow cells Filled with

specialized cytoskeleton fibers

Many mitochondria Many nuclei along

edges of cell

Stretch and contract a long muscleFibers attach and slide past each other to contract

Provide ATP energy for cytoskeleton to moveHelp make lots of cytoskeleton proteins for the whole long cell

Structures: Functions:

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

Zoom in…

Skeletal Muscle Cells

Animations:

Overview, zoom in, and sarcomere contraction in grasshopper muscles:

http://entochem.tamu.edu/MuscleStrucContractswf/index.html

Simultaneous whole-muscle, cartoon sarcomere, and real muscle fiber contraction:

http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/a502-muscle-contraction-sarcomere

Actin, myosin, and cross-bridges: http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_

view0/chapter10/animation__sarcomere_contraction.htmlObjectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

How Muscle Cells Contract1. Cytoskeleton fibers attach to each other

and pull together.2. This makes the entire muscle cell get

shorter (aka contract).3. This process uses a lot of ATP energy

(provided by mitochondria).4. When the fibers let go, the muscle

relaxes.

Muscle Contraction Creates Body Movements

Muscles are attached to at least two points: anchoring bone moving bone

(attached by tendons)

Muscle contracts (gets shorter) Pulls on tendon Tendon pulls bone into new position

Muscles Work in Opposing Pairs Upper Arm:

• Biceps contract Arm bends at the elbow

• Triceps contract Arm straightens

Lower Leg:• Shin muscle contracts

Foot goes up• Calf muscle contracts

Foot goes down

Bio 9A/9D: Wednesday, January 5, 2011Title: Chicken Wing Dissection

Homework: Complete Chicken Wing Dissection Analysis Questions

Silent Do Now: What are two safety rule that you should follow during this

dissection?

Today’s Objectives:• Follow lab safety procedures during dissection• Observe and explain how muscles, tendons, and bones…

• Form a joint• Interact with each other during muscle contraction to cause

movement

Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Rules

Respect for the animals that donated these wings

Safety Raw meat… keep hands away

from mouth, wash hands after. Scissors are sharp!

Patience – this might be confusing. That’s OK! You can learn a lot even if you can’t figure out all the parts.

Zero tolerance for fooling around, horseplay, etc. You WILL be asked to leave.

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Materials

Aprons, goggles & gloves

Dissecting tray Scalpel – caution, these

are sharp! Never cut towards fingers!

Scissors – often these are better for cutting than the scalpel

Chicken WingsObjectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Procedures

Sit with a partner of your choice I will bring you a chicken wing Follow all safety procedures – hands away from

mouth, careful with sharp tools, NO fooling around

Raise hand if you need anything – stay at your table Follow directions on lab handout – one partner

must write/draw if the other’s hands are messy Clean up: wing in trash, tools washed, hands washed.HW: Lab analysis questions (in notebook)

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Anatomy of your hand

Bio 9A/9D: Monday, 1.10.10Title: Anatomy of a Kick

Homework: Finish Anatomy of a Kick worksheet Organize notes for tomorrow’s open-notes quiz

Silent Do Now: Get a worksheet and read the Background Info Complete Activity I: Getting Started

Today’s Objectives:• Identify which muscles must contract to move a

specific part of the leg• Predict the correct sequence of muscle contractions

necessary for complex movements

Computer Activity:The Anatomy of a Kick

http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih6/Bone/activities/activities_toc.htm

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement