Bike Lanes in the Door Zone Missoula Bike and Pedestrian Advisory Board November 18, 2010.

Bike Lanes in the Door ZoneBike Lanes in the Door Zone

Missoula Bike and Pedestrian Advisory BoardMissoula Bike and Pedestrian Advisory Board

November 18, 2010November 18, 2010

Relevant BPAB Duties per Relevant BPAB Duties per MMC 5.60.070MMC 5.60.070

#5 – Make recommendations to the city #5 – Make recommendations to the city regarding design standards for all types of regarding design standards for all types of bicycle and pedestrian facilities;bicycle and pedestrian facilities;

#8 – Consult and advise government #8 – Consult and advise government agencies in order to agencies in order to promotepromote bicycling and bicycling and pedestrian activity as viable forms of urban pedestrian activity as viable forms of urban transportation and recreation and transportation and recreation and reducingreducing dependence on private automobiles as a dependence on private automobiles as a primary mode of transportation;primary mode of transportation;

Is There a Problem?Is There a Problem?

Door Zone CrashesDoor Zone Crashes ReportedReported dooring incidents comprise 5% to 15% dooring incidents comprise 5% to 15%

of of reportedreported bicycle crashes bicycle crashes Is less than 6 feet enough for bicyclist safety?Is less than 6 feet enough for bicyclist safety? Bicyclist comfort – encourage more bicyclistsBicyclist comfort – encourage more bicyclists City liability due to facility designCity liability due to facility design Physical constraints of existing right of wayPhysical constraints of existing right of way

Recognition of ProblemRecognition of Problem

Montana Drivers License Manual 2010-2012 Section 5, Montana Drivers License Manual 2010-2012 Section 5, pg 50pg 50 ““When approaching parked vehicles, many bicyclists When approaching parked vehicles, many bicyclists

will ride far enough away from a vehicle to avoid will ride far enough away from a vehicle to avoid being “doored.” This term describes a situation when being “doored.” This term describes a situation when an individual within a parked vehicle suddenly opens an individual within a parked vehicle suddenly opens their car door without checking for any bicyclists their car door without checking for any bicyclists approaching from behind. Frequently, cities place bike approaching from behind. Frequently, cities place bike lanes next to parking lanes, but bicyclists may be lanes next to parking lanes, but bicyclists may be hesitant to use the designated lane due to the danger hesitant to use the designated lane due to the danger of being “doored.”” of being “doored.””

Recognition of ProblemRecognition of Problem MUTCD 2009 Edition Section 9C.07 Shared Lane MarkingMUTCD 2009 Edition Section 9C.07 Shared Lane Marking

Option:Option: The Shared Lane Marking shown in Figure 9C-9 may The Shared Lane Marking shown in Figure 9C-9 may

be used to:be used to: A. Assist bicyclists with lateral positioning in a A. Assist bicyclists with lateral positioning in a

shared lane with on-street parallel parking in order to shared lane with on-street parallel parking in order to reduce the chance of a bicyclist’s impacting the reduce the chance of a bicyclist’s impacting the open door of a parked vehicle,open door of a parked vehicle,

B. Assist bicyclists with lateral positioning in lanes B. Assist bicyclists with lateral positioning in lanes that are too narrow for a motor vehicle and a bicycle that are too narrow for a motor vehicle and a bicycle to travel side by side within the same traffic lane,to travel side by side within the same traffic lane,

Recognition and Treatment of Recognition and Treatment of the Problemthe Problem

AASHTO 1999 Bike Book – Chapter 1 AASHTO 1999 Bike Book – Chapter 1 PlanningPlanning Many factors should be considered in Many factors should be considered in

determining the appropriate bicycle facility determining the appropriate bicycle facility type, location and priority for implementation. type, location and priority for implementation. Motor Vehicle Parking—The turnover and density Motor Vehicle Parking—The turnover and density

of on-street parking can affect bicyclist safety (e.g., of on-street parking can affect bicyclist safety (e.g., opening car doors and cars leaving parallel parking opening car doors and cars leaving parallel parking spaces).spaces).


AASHTO 1999 Bike Book – Chapter 1 AASHTO 1999 Bike Book – Chapter 1 PlanningPlanning On-Street ParkingOn-Street Parking

On-street parking increases the potential for conflicts between On-street parking increases the potential for conflicts between motor vehicles and bicyclists. The most common bicycle riding motor vehicles and bicyclists. The most common bicycle riding location on urban roadways is in the area between parked cars location on urban roadways is in the area between parked cars and moving motor vehicles. Here, bicyclists are subjected to and moving motor vehicles. Here, bicyclists are subjected to opening car doors, vehicles exiting parking spaces, extended opening car doors, vehicles exiting parking spaces, extended mirrors that narrow the travel space, and obscured views of mirrors that narrow the travel space, and obscured views of intersecting traffic. Therefore, 3.6 m (12 feet) of combined intersecting traffic. Therefore, 3.6 m (12 feet) of combined bicycle travel and parking width should be the minimum bicycle travel and parking width should be the minimum considered for this type of shared use.considered for this type of shared use.


AASHTO AASHTO DRAFTDRAFT Bike Book 2010 Bike Book 2010 Exhibit 2.3 General considerations for Different Exhibit 2.3 General considerations for Different

Bikeway TypesBikeway Types Bike LanesBike Lanes

Where motor vehicles are allowed to park adjacent to Where motor vehicles are allowed to park adjacent to bike lane, bike lane, ensure width of bike lane sufficient to reduce ensure width of bike lane sufficient to reduce probability of conflicts due to opening vehicle doors and probability of conflicts due to opening vehicle doors and other hazardsother hazards. Analyze intersections to reduce . Analyze intersections to reduce bicyclist/motor vehicle conflicts. Sometimes bike lanes bicyclist/motor vehicle conflicts. Sometimes bike lanes are left "undesignated" (i.e. bicycle symbol and signs are left "undesignated" (i.e. bicycle symbol and signs are not used) in urban areas as an interim measureare not used) in urban areas as an interim measure..

AASHTO AASHTO DRAFTDRAFT Bike Book Bike Book 20102010

Exhibit 2.3 General considerations for Exhibit 2.3 General considerations for Different Bikeway TypesDifferent Bikeway Types Shared Lanes (shared lane markings)Shared Lanes (shared lane markings)

Space constrained roads with narrow travel lanes, or Space constrained roads with narrow travel lanes, or road segments upon which bike lanes are not road segments upon which bike lanes are not selected due to space constraints or other limitationsselected due to space constraints or other limitations

Useful where there is high turnover in on-street Useful where there is high turnover in on-street parking to prevent crashes with open car doorsparking to prevent crashes with open car doors..

Where motor vehicles allowed to park along shared Where motor vehicles allowed to park along shared lanes, ensure marking placement reduces potential lanes, ensure marking placement reduces potential conflicts with opening car doors.conflicts with opening car doors.


Chapter 3 – Bicycle Operation & SafetyChapter 3 – Bicycle Operation & Safety 3.4.2 Overall Findings - Urban vs Rural3.4.2 Overall Findings - Urban vs Rural

“…“…Hitting an open car door is estimated to represent Hitting an open car door is estimated to represent between 3% and 6% of urban crashes; this between 3% and 6% of urban crashes; this percentage can be higher in cities with a high percentage can be higher in cities with a high amount of on-street parking, lower in suburban areas amount of on-street parking, lower in suburban areas with no on-street parking. (6)(7)(8) Overtaking or with no on-street parking. (6)(7)(8) Overtaking or being struck from behind represents a small portion being struck from behind represents a small portion of crashes in urban areas, but a larger portion of of crashes in urban areas, but a larger portion of crashes on rural roads. Overtaking crashes in urban crashes on rural roads. Overtaking crashes in urban areas often occur at night and are usually associated areas often occur at night and are usually associated with poor lighting conditions.”with poor lighting conditions.”


Chapter 3 – Bicycle Operation & SafetyChapter 3 – Bicycle Operation & Safety 3.4.3 Contributing causes of bicyclist-motor vehicle 3.4.3 Contributing causes of bicyclist-motor vehicle

creashes and recommended countermeasures – creashes and recommended countermeasures – Motorist striking bicyclist with vehicle door (“dooring”)Motorist striking bicyclist with vehicle door (“dooring”) “…“…Remedies include educating motorists (training them to Remedies include educating motorists (training them to

look for bicyclists before opening their door) and bicyclists look for bicyclists before opening their door) and bicyclists (training them to not ride too close to parked cars and to be (training them to not ride too close to parked cars and to be on the lookout for drivers opening their door, although the on the lookout for drivers opening their door, although the latter has become more difficult due to tinted windows and latter has become more difficult due to tinted windows and taller vehicle design). taller vehicle design). Design treatmentsDesign treatments can help to can help to reduce the likelihood of this type of crash.”reduce the likelihood of this type of crash.”


Chapter 3 – Bicycle Operation & SafetyChapter 3 – Bicycle Operation & Safety 3.4.3 Contributing causes of bicyclist-motor 3.4.3 Contributing causes of bicyclist-motor

vehicle crashes and recommended vehicle crashes and recommended countermeasures – Bicyclists Struck from countermeasures – Bicyclists Struck from BehindBehind ““While this crash type represents a small portion of While this crash type represents a small portion of

urban crashes, it represents a significant portion of urban crashes, it represents a significant portion of rural crashes, especially fatalities….”rural crashes, especially fatalities….”


Chapter 4 – Design of On-Road FacilitiesChapter 4 – Design of On-Road Facilities 4.6.4 Bicycle Lane Widths4.6.4 Bicycle Lane Widths

““Bike lane widths should be determined by context and Bike lane widths should be determined by context and anticipated use….anticipated use….

““As discussed in the previous chapter, a bicyclist’s As discussed in the previous chapter, a bicyclist’s preferred operating width is 5 feet (1.5m). Wider bicycle preferred operating width is 5 feet (1.5m). Wider bicycle lanes may be desireable under the following conditions:lanes may be desireable under the following conditions:

Adjacent to a narrow parking lane (7 feet [2.1m]) with high Adjacent to a narrow parking lane (7 feet [2.1m]) with high turnover (such as those servicing restaurants, shops, or turnover (such as those servicing restaurants, shops, or entertainment venues), a wider bicycle lane (6-7 feet or 2.1m) entertainment venues), a wider bicycle lane (6-7 feet or 2.1m) provides more operating space for bicyclists to ride out of the provides more operating space for bicyclists to ride out of the area of opening vehicle doors.area of opening vehicle doors.


Chapter 4 – Design of On-Road FacilitiesChapter 4 – Design of On-Road Facilities 4.6.5 Bicycle Lanes and On-Street Parking4.6.5 Bicycle Lanes and On-Street Parking

When on-street parking is permitted, the bicycle When on-street parking is permitted, the bicycle lane should be placed between the parking lane lane should be placed between the parking lane and the travel lane (see Exhibit 4.13). The and the travel lane (see Exhibit 4.13). The recommendedrecommended bicycle lane width in these locations bicycle lane width in these locations is 6 feet (1.8m) and the is 6 feet (1.8m) and the minimumminimum bicycle lane bicycle lane width is 5 feet (1.5m). Care should be taken when width is 5 feet (1.5m). Care should be taken when providing wider bike lanes in areas where parking providing wider bike lanes in areas where parking is scarce or otherwise in demand, as wider bicycle is scarce or otherwise in demand, as wider bicycle lanes may result in more double parking.lanes may result in more double parking.

Automobile Comfort DistanceAutomobile Comfort Distance

27 responses (multiple responses from 27 responses (multiple responses from individuals)individuals) Overall Average 74” – 6’ 2”Overall Average 74” – 6’ 2” Minimum 60” – 5’ 0”Minimum 60” – 5’ 0” Maximum 88” – 7’ 4”Maximum 88” – 7’ 4”

Out of range maximum 140” – 11’ 8”Out of range maximum 140” – 11’ 8”

Median 76” – 6’ 4”Median 76” – 6’ 4”

ExamplesExamples

Bike Lanes and Dooring.wmvBike Lanes and Dooring.wmv League of American Cyclists Training League of American Cyclists Training

SessionSession http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TQ7aID1j

Hs

Scaled bike lane comparisonsScaled bike lane comparisons

Other Documents:Other Documents:

Bicycling and On-Street Parallel ParkingBicycling and On-Street Parallel Parking Wayne Pein – Jan 2003Wayne Pein – Jan 2003 Examples follow:Examples follow:

Dooring Fatality Cambridge, MA.Dooring Fatality Cambridge, MA.

Bicycling and On-Street Parallel ParkingBicycling and On-Street Parallel Parking

Selected Door WidthsSelected Door Widths

Bicycling and On-Street Parallel ParkingBicycling and On-Street Parallel Parking

Vehicle WidthsVehicle Widths Federal Maximum for commercial:Federal Maximum for commercial:

102.36 inches 8 feet 6.36 inches102.36 inches 8 feet 6.36 inches

Average sizes for vehicles in various segments Average sizes for vehicles in various segments 2007:2007: Sedan Compact 68.8” – 5’ 8.8”Sedan Compact 68.8” – 5’ 8.8” Sedan Midsize 71.4” – 5’ 11.4”Sedan Midsize 71.4” – 5’ 11.4” Sedan Large 75.1” – 6’ 3.1”Sedan Large 75.1” – 6’ 3.1” SUV Compact 70.9” – 5’ 10.9”SUV Compact 70.9” – 5’ 10.9” SUV Midsize 73.8” – 6’ 1.8”SUV Midsize 73.8” – 6’ 1.8” SUV Large 78.2” – 6’ 6.2”SUV Large 78.2” – 6’ 6.2”

Source: Edmunds.comSource: Edmunds.com

Existing Laws and StandardsExisting Laws and Standards Uniform Vehicle CodeUniform Vehicle Code

CHAPTER 11 - Uniform Vehicle Code: Rules of the Road - CHAPTER 11 - Uniform Vehicle Code: Rules of the Road - Pt. 3Pt. 3

Montana Code AnnotatedMontana Code Annotated Missoula Municipal CodeMissoula Municipal Code

Subdivision Code: Article 3 Section 11, page 29 dated July 26, 1999. Requires bike lane Subdivision Code: Article 3 Section 11, page 29 dated July 26, 1999. Requires bike lane on collector streets or greater. Specifies 5 feet to gutter edge or 12 feet when combined on collector streets or greater. Specifies 5 feet to gutter edge or 12 feet when combined with parking lane. (Parallel?) Article three also specifies that parking is required on with parking lane. (Parallel?) Article three also specifies that parking is required on collector streets or greater. Specifies 8 feet as standard width.collector streets or greater. Specifies 8 feet as standard width.

MUTCD 2009 EditionMUTCD 2009 Edition AASHTO 1999 Bike BookAASHTO 1999 Bike Book AASHTO 2010 AASHTO 2010 DRAFTDRAFT Bike Guide Bike Guide Administrative Rule 415Administrative Rule 415

What can we influence?What can we influence?

Missoula Municipal CodeMissoula Municipal Code Administrative Rule 415Administrative Rule 415

My Additional ThoughtsMy Additional Thoughts

5’ Bike lanes next to parked cars: 5’ Bike lanes next to parked cars: Provide the illusion of safetyProvide the illusion of safety Acclimate cyclists to riding too close to parked Acclimate cyclists to riding too close to parked

carscars

How do you train passengers exiting on How do you train passengers exiting on the bike lane side of parked cars?the bike lane side of parked cars?

Bike Lanes in the Door Zone Missoula Bike and Pedestrian Advisory Board November 18, 2010.

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Transcript of Bike Lanes in the Door Zone Missoula Bike and Pedestrian Advisory Board November 18, 2010.