Bibhu santosh behera,ph.d ouat,bhubaneswar,india

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A SUSTAINABLE WAY OF LIVINGPRESENTED BYBIBHU SANTOSH BEHERA, PhD RESEARCH SCHOLAR,OUAT,BHUBANESWAR,INDIAA.C.BEHERA*R.A.BEHERA**E-mail Id:[email protected]

Abstract of Vision

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This era is called as ICT era which comprises the ICT Mediated Agriculture Extension in Rural as well as Urban areas to disseminate the ethics of information by Decision Support System (DSS),, Management Information System(MIS) and Expert System(ES) by impregnating the User Interface and Knowledge Management System. So, E-Agriculture, therefore describes an emerging field focused on the enhancement of agricultural and rural development through improved information and communication process. The main Objective is to provide an Interface to farmers and consumers and to facilitate linking up of agriculture produce marketing cooperative.ITCs,E-chaupal,IT-Kiosks,Eid-party agriline,Gyandoot Project,Warana weired Village,Information Village Project of MSSRF(MS Swaminathan Research Foundation),I-kisan project of Nagarjun group of companies,Kisan Call Center(KCC),Bhoomi Project,Village Knowledge Center etc. are the recent development in e-governance mediated agriculture in India.It add value to the lives of Farmers and End-users in a Sustainable way through Knowledge Management Portals, e-kiosks, Common Service centers in grass root level Key Words:-e-agriculture,e-chaupal,ITC,AFPOH,IT-Kiosk,CSC,KCC,ICT

Key Words:-e-agriculture,e-chaupal,ITC,AFPOH,IT-Kiosk,CSC,KCC,ICTKey Words:-e-agriculture,e-chaupal,ITC,AFPOH,IT-Kiosk,CSC,KCC,ICT

Introduction• E-agriculture• It is a relatively recent term in the field of agriculture and rural development practices.

Consistency in the use of this term began to materialize with the dissemination of results from a global survey carried out by the United Nations (UN). This survey conducted in late 2006 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) found that half of those who replied identified “e agriculture” with information dissemination, access and exchange, communication and participation processes improvements around rural development. In contrast, less than a third highlighted the importance of technical hardware and technological tools.

• E-agriculture, therefore, describes an emerging field focused on the enhancement of agricultural and rural development through improved information and communication processes. More specifically, e-agriculture involves the conceptualization, design, development, evaluation and application of innovative ways to use information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the rural domain, with a primary focus on agriculture.

Mission and Objectives• The e-Agriculture Community of Practice is a global initiative launched in

partnership with the e-Agriculture Working Group in 2007 to enhance the role of ICT in agricultural development and food security. It provides an international framework to facilitate the processes of capturing, managing, and disseminating the lessons learned through national and regional activities, as well as the results and implications of multilateral processes related to the use of ICT in agriculture and rural development. The e-Agriculture Community also provides the basis for the international community to monitor development and validation of conceptual models and meth- odologies, and to package and disseminate them once tested. Through its collective activities some additional outputs of the Community include: the development and strengthening of innovative mechanisms and processes for information exchange and communication, including normative guide- lines and tools being formulated, tested and disseminated to address the range of demands and capabilities of different Com munity members; empowering networks for exchange of new mechanisms and processes among key stakeholders; relevant content in digital format being developed, filtered, mobilized and exchanged by community members; and other activities based on active partnerships and collaborative lesson-learning.

•

Deliverables• The e-Agriculture community has over 6,000 registered individual

members. This membership encompasses development practitioners, policymakers, representatives of farmer organizations, researchers, and information and communication specialists involved in agriculture and rural development, from more than 150 countries. The Community activities comprise three components: a web-based multilingual space (English, French and Spanish) for knowledge sharing and collaboration on a neutral domain (e-agriculture); face-to-face events; and in- country interventions.

Over this past year, e-Agriculture Community members from around the world participated in activities such as online forum discussions (virtual meetings), international and regional meetings, and free online capacity building opportunities (through the IMARK partnership). Participation from both the private sector and non-UN organizations was also secured.

.

Research MethodologyAs it is a reviewed article, here the researchers were collected data from

secondary sources like Books, Journals, and Web sources to translate and transform the research into action in the realm of Human Development by ICT.Here the author is using Ex-post facto design to collect the data base regarding implementation, execution of Research Project. Stratified random sampling is used here due to various agro climatic zones. Basic statistics and common instrumental design is used here.

Future Plans• It is envisioned that the e-Agriculture Community will grow in

2020 by building upon the current successful knowledge sharing functions, and developing an interconnected series of pilot interventions, models of action and means for assessment, based on inputs from the e-Agriculture Community. Lessons learned from the national and regional components can be captured and disseminated through the e-Agriculture Community, and through other major participating institutions in support of capacity building. In order to facilitate this effectively, the establishment of a formal Secretariat with some financial commitments from partner organizations is deemed essential.

.

Prospectus of Indian Agriculture, Horticulture, and Allied sectors

• National agriculture policy.• Kisan credit card scheme.• National seed policy• Legislation on plant variety.• Protection and Farmers Rights• Seed Village Scheme• National Horticultural Mission• Kissan Call Centre• ICT Mediated Market Led Extension• National Diary,Fishery and Animal Husbandry Policy• National Forestry Policy

Need of e-Agriculture in India• Empowering farmers with relevant and timely information about different crop

variety.• To reduce farming risks information on weather, production and cultivation

techniques, seeds and fertilizers, plant nutrients and water usage.• To reduce knowledge gaps and increase knowledge sharing for increasing productivity

and boosting growth in rural areas. Funds and liability coverage through agri-finance and agri-insurance.Assistance from universities on new techniques used in increase production yield. Market infrastructure like warehouses and cold chain management

• Since information technology solutions to facilitate the collection of agricultural information. A multi media multipurpose community tele centre in the village to enhance access to educational weather and health information (through internet, media, T.V.) and also facilitate communication between the village community and the rest of the world.

•

PRESENTATION OF THE STUDY

• The entire research study has been presented in five chapters which are as follows-

• Chapter I. Introduction consists the lead of the thesis,statement of problem, specific objectives taken for the study, scope

and importance of the study and limitations.• Chapter IL. Review of literature deals with a brief review of available

literature on objective wise related to the present investigation.• ChapterIII. Research methodology entails the various research

procedure followed and presented in detail under the heading such as problem and procedure, variable and their measurement, tools and technique and statistical analysis of data.

• Chapter IV. Results and discussion describe the finding of the study objective wise and discussion on the basis of finding.

• Chapter V. Summary, conclusion and recommendation summaries in brief about the total manuscript followed by Bibliography and appendices. It may add value with case study/success stories.

HYPOTHESIS FIXATION FOR STUDY

• The main hypothesis of this study is that e-agriculture must bring sustainable life among farming communities in India.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY MATRIX• It describes how the research had been done , number of respondents, method of selection of samples out of

population ,etc.• 3.1) Problem & Procedure• 3.1.1) Selection of problem• 3.1.2) Plan of work• 3.1.3) Research design• 3.1.4) Locale of study• 3.1.5) Sampling procedures• 3.2) Variables & their measurements• 3.2.1) Measurement procedure• 3.2.2) Independent & dependent variables & operationalization• 3.3) Tools & Techniques• 3.3.1) Pilot study• 3.3.2) Pre-testing of interview schedule• 3.3.3) Interviewing• 3.3.4) Processing of data• 3.4) Statistical tools• 3.4.1) Mean value,%,etc.• In this study 50 respondents were interviewed.hey were selected by using simple random variable method, both

dependents & independent variables are considered & statistics used are ranking, mean score, percentage ,tally, etc.

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• • •

• • •

To meet the Objectives• Onsite visits to the village and the data communication

infrastructure nearest to the village• Use of wireless technology as most economical and technically

feasible method to bring affordable internet access to the village.• Use of internet access and backbone data communications

infrastructure and radio transmission to cover the last mile and ensure enough bandwidth to support other types of e- applications such as e-learning, e-community, e-health and the main application is e-agriculture. Use of wireless routers located to enable further expansion of the data communication infrastructure to additional sites within the 50-60 kilometre range without the need for additional backbone infrastructure.

Recent Advancement in India• The application of ICT in agriculture through various organizations which has been

evolving with various initiatives in order to encompassing the all agric value chain and knowledge technology. The prominent ICT technologies are-ITCs, E-choupal, Eid Partys agriline, gyandoot project Information village project of M.S.swaminathan research foundation (MSSRF)I-Kisan project of Nagarjun group of companies.

• Kisan Call centre, Bhoomi Project, Village knowledge centre etc.Operating well throughout the country.

• Good data and information can be an important tool for decision making and for taking action by the farming community. ITcs will serve as a predominant role for fulfilling the needs of a Second green revolution.

Agriculture and ICTs in IndiaAgricultural Strategy for Eleventh Plan, Planning Commission, Government of India, has pointed out that with the

availability of land and water fixed, the goal of 4% growth in agriculture can be achieved only by increasing productivity per unit of scarce natural resources through effective use of improved technology. It is planned that alternate delivery channels spanning Rural Knowledge Centres (RKCs), ICT-based extension, farmer-to- farmer extension, NGOs and the private sector should also be promoted simultaneously. The scheme--’Mass Media Support to Extension’ aims to utilize the impressive infrastructure of Doordarshan (DD) and All India Radio (AIR) for producing and broadcasting agricultural programmes for supporting other extension efforts. The National Agriculture Policy emphasizes upon the use of Information Technology (IT) for achieving a more rapid development of agriculture in India. The Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, therefore, is in the process of preparing a National e-Governance Plan in Agriculture (NeGP-A) for a more focused implementation of e-governance activities in the agriculture sector. In order to promote e-governance in agriculture at the centre and provide support to states/UTs for the same, the Department of Agriculture and Co- operation is implementing a central sector scheme, “Strengthening/Promoting Agricultural Information Systems’ during the Tenth Plan with a budgetary provision of INR 100 crore. The scheme has the following components: (i) Development of agricultural informatics and communication; (ii) Strengthening of IT apparatus in agriculture and cooperation in states and UTs

(AGRISNET); (iii) IT apparatus at Department headquarters and its field offices; (iv) Agricultural Resources Information Systems (AgRIS); and (v) Kisan Call Centres. The Department has developed four portals and 40 websites covering both headquarters and its sub-formations under the component “Development of Agricultural Informatics and Communications”. Some important portals which has till now been developed are: (a) AGMARKNET Portal (http://agmarknet.nic.in); (b) DACNET Portal (http:// dacnet.nic.in); (c) DAC Portal (http://agricoop.nic.in); (d) IN- TRADAC Portal (http://intradac.nic.in); (e) SEEDNET Portal (http://seednet.gov.in); (f) Agricultural Census Portal (http:// agcensus.nic.in). The Department of Agriculture and Cooperation is supporting e-governance activities at the state agriculture and allied departments through AGRISNET, a state sector mission mode project, which aims at providing improved services to the farming community using Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Agricultural Resources Information System (AgRIS) project has been launched for implementation in two pilot districts of Rohtak (Dairy Typology) in Haryana and Banaskantha (Arid Typology) in Gujarat. Kisan Call Centers initiative aims to provide information to the farming community through toll-free telephone lines. Usage of GIS satellite imaging in India had been happening since a long time in India

Initiatives of e-agriculture in India as a Case study

• • The Association For People of Haryana (AFPOH) has taken many steps and initiatives at national and

international level in the fields of agriculture, health, rural infrastructure development, revitalizing financial access to rural farmers, etc. As far as initiatives for e-agriculture in India are concerned, they have shared their research works and suggestions with national and international community. They have also started an initiative titled e-agriculture in India that would endeavour to amalgamate ICT with agriculture in India.

• • - AFPOH is a social initiative by an association of people who are working in the direction of empowering the

marginalized and deprived people in rural and other areas. The area of operation of AFPOH covers segments like agriculture, health, banking, finance and insurance, education, rural infrastructure development, power, etc. AFPOH has strengthened the use of IT in agriculture by extending support for legal and regulatory measure that farmers and other people may face in various situations.

• • AFPOH using ICT for its mission and objectives AFPOH is working in the direction of use of ICT for

communication and sharing of views, expertise, suggestions, problems, etc at national and international level. AFPOH intends to provide a ‘voice’ to the marginalized and deprived segment so that national and international communities can coordinate and collaborate their empowerment initiatives. Concepts like e-agriculture, e-health, e-learning, e-commerce, e-banking, etc are also some of the initiative that are in the process of implementation by AFPOH. Warana Weired Village and Digital Green Projects may be taken as Successful Case Studies in India.

Initiative of e-Agriculture at State Level•

• ITC's ‘E-Choupal’ Initiative: A Novel Model for Rural India

ITC's ‘e-Choupal’ makes use of the physical transmission capabilities of current intermediaries - aggregation, logistics, counter-party risk and bridge financing With a judicious blend of click & mortar capabilities, village internet kiosks managed by farmers - called sanchalaks - themselves, enable the agricultural community access ready information in their local language on the weather & market prices, disseminate knowledge on scientific farm practices & risk management, facilitate the sale of farm inputs and purchase farm produce from the farmers’ doorsteps .The aggregation of the demand for farm inputs from individual farmers gives them access to high quality inputs from established and reputed manufacturers at fair prices. As a direct marketing channel, virtually linked to the ‘mandi’ system for price discovery, ‘e-Choupal’ eliminates wasteful intermediation and multiple handling. Thereby it significantly reduces transaction costs. Launched in June 2000, 'e-Choupal', has already become the largest initiative among all Internet- based interventions in rural India.'e-Choupal' services today reach out to more than 3.5 million farmers growing a range of crops - soyabean, coffee, wheat, rice, pulses, shrimp - in more than38,000 villages through nearly 6500 kiosks across nine states namely Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Uttaranchal, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Kerela.

Summary and Conclusion• The role of Information Technology to develop e-agriculture and quality of

life in rural area is well established. IT can help an average Indian farmer to get relevant information regarding agro-inputs, crop production technologies, agro processing, market support, agro-finance and management of farm agri-business. The agricultural extension mechanism is becoming dependent on IT to provide appropriate and location specific technologies for the farmers to furnish timely and proficient advice to the farmers IT can be a best mean not only to develop agricultural extension but also to expand agriculture research and education system. Now Farmer Demand Driven e-governance Mediated and ICT Propelled Agriculture must create a new history and revolution for achieving Vision-2050 hence be expected.

JAY JAWAN JAY KISAN MERA BHARAT MAHAN

MY CONTRIBUTION TO RESEARCHMy Model as per my Research will be as Follows (Developed by Bibhu Santosh

Behera,OUAT,Bhubaneswar,Odisha,India)Research-Extension-Farmer-Information Communication Technology-Market-End User-Climate

Smart Approach•

MODELS

Mile Stones in Agricultural Development

• Green Revolution (1968)• Ever-Green Revolution (1996)• Blue Revolution (water, fish)• White Revolution (Milk)• Yellow Revolution (flower, edible)• Bio-Technology Revolution• ICT Revolution

Development of Indian Agriculture : Basic Issues

• Revitalization of Cooperative Institutions• Improving Rural Credits• Research, Education & Extension• Human Resources Development• Trade & Export Promotion• Land Reforms• Enabling Environment for higher

Agricultural Growth

The thrust areas:

• Diversification of Agriculture• Inter-cropping • Micro Management • Water Management• Organic Farming• Agri-Clinics and Agri-business Centres• Bio-Technology

Efforts on Policies, strategies and Frameworks

• National Agriculture Policy (2000)• National Seeds policy (2002)• Cooperative Policy • Agricultural Price policy• Agricultural Extension Framework

(2001)• WTO/GATT agreement (1994) In addition to, various working groups,

taskforces, mid-term appraisals and plan schemes (~68)

(for further details www.agricoop.nic.in)

Reports• Agriculture Credit, Cooperation and Crop • Horticulture Development including Spices Aromatic and

Medicinal Plants and Plantation Crops Agriculture Infrastructure/Warehousing/Rural

Godowns/Marketing/Post Harvest Management, Processing and Cold Storage, Trade and Export Promotion.

• Crop Husbandry, Demand and Supply Projections and Agricultural Inputs Agriculture Research and Education

• Animal Husbandry & Dairying • Agriculture Statistics • Watershed Development, Rainfed Farming and Natural

Resources Management • |Agriculture Development in Eastern and North-Eastern

India• Agriculture and Allied Sectors • Organic and Biodynamic Farming(for further details www.planningcommission.nic.in)

Technologies for Sustainable Agricultural Development• Biotechnology

• Pre & post harvesting technology• Energy saving technology• Environment protection technology• Information and Communication technology• GIS & RS technology• Internet/Intranet Technology

Fusion of Technologies for Sustainable Development - A Synergy of Multiple Disciplines

• Database Technology• Internet/Intranet Technology• GIS and Remote Sensing • Image Processing • GPS• Artificial Intelligence• Modeling

IT led Agricultural Development

The beginning: (e-readiness)• A two day conference (ISDA-1995 ) was

held to assess IT Infrastructure and empowerment needs for IT led development in Agriculture Sector (one of the major recommendations was about 3% of the agriculture budget should be spent on Informatics Development)

• IT Plan for Agriculture Sector (AGRISNET) was submitted to Ministry of Agriculture in 1997 to establish “Indian Agriculture on-line” and revised in 2000.

IT Applications for Agricultural Development IT Applications for Agricultural Development Requires Inter-Sectoral ApproachRequires Inter-Sectoral Approach

Agricultural Research Agro-Meteorology Agricultural Marketing Agricultural Engineering &

Food Processing Agricultural Extension and

Transfer of Technology Credit and Cooperation Crop production &

protection Environment & Forest

Fertilisers and Manure Fisheries Irrigation and Drainage

System Livestock, Dairy

Development & Animal Husbandry

Rural Development & Planning

Soil and Water Management Watershed Development Wasteland Development

Census Mach.Marketing

Coop.

Credit

Crops Exten.Fert

HortDM

PPQ

PP

RFS

IRSTMOP

States / Uts / Districts

ICAR Institutes

Resource Information

Attached/subordinate offices

FARMER

Ministry of Agriculture

AGRISNET ARISNET

DACNET

DAC Portals

AgRIS

IT plan for Agriculture• To strengthen IT in Agriculture and creation of

Databases & Information Network for Agriculture Sector :-

• The plan was divided into three schemes by DAC

▫ Central Sector Schemes proposed

DAC Hqrs

Networking of DAC Field Units (DACNET)

State & District and Sub-District level (AGRISNET)

Present Status of IT Scheme (s) of DAC:Various Components emerging as one scheme:

• IT apparatus in DAC Hqrs.• IT apparatus in the Field offices and

Directorates of DAC (DACNET) Phase II• Development of Agricultural Informatics and

Communication• Agricultural Resources Information System• IT apparatus for States/UTs (AGRISNET) and• Agricultural Marketing Information Network

(AGMARKNET) Phase II

Information Systems Requirement in Agriculture

GIS/RS based Systems:• Soil and Land use• Watershed developments• Disaster management• Cropping systems• Agriculture Resources Information• Organic farming (bio-fertilisers)• Crop weather watch

Decision Support Systems• Integrated Nutrient Management• Integrated Pest Management• Demand-Supply Projections • Soil-Water balance• Credit Management • Inter-cropping systems• Bio-fertilizer management• Early Warning System

E-Commerce Applications• Agri-Business (Agri-clinics and Agri-Business Centres)• Agricultural Marketing • Agricultural Trade• Cooperatives• Horticulture (horticulture, floriculture, sericulture, aquaculture etc,. )• Organic farming • Agriculture Statistics

Ongoing ICT Projects of DAC

• DACNET (dacnet.nic.in)• AGMARKNET (agmarknet.nic.in)• PPIN (cib/rc) (cibrc.nic.in)• VISTARNET• AGRICULTURAL CENSUS• NADAMS (National Agricultural Drought

Advisory and Management Systems)• HORTNET

Projects Under Pipeline:

• AGRISNET• AgRIS (Resources Information

System)• Development of Agricultural

Informatics• DACNET (phase – II)• AGMARKNET (Phase – II)• Agricultural Census 2000-2001

Other ICT projects of Agriculture

• APHNET (Animal Production and Health Informatics Network)

• ARISNET (Agricultural Research and Information System)

• Water Resources Informatics System• APEDA• NPRE etc.,

Towards e-Government in DAC

• A High Speed LAN established with more than 500 nodes (round the clock services)

• INTRANET/INTERNET applications are being implemented as part of e-Government

• Regular use of VC for scheme monitoring and plans (X Five Year Plan proposals were discussed on VC with all States)• 7/24 Services provided during Orissa Super cyclone, Gujarat Earth

Quake, drought mitigation • Implementations of Minimum Agenda of e-governance

Towards e-Government in DAC (Contd.)

• In-house Training Centre established • More than 800 officials trained in DAC• NICNET based Public Information and

facilitation Centre established• Information Kiosk• Various paid projects implemented like

Integrated Crops MIS, LAN etc.• ISDA Conference conducted for IT

assessment in Agriculture sector• IT Plan submitted for IXth and Xth Five

plans

Portals developed• AGMARKNET• DACNET• CIB/RC (PPIN)• VISTARNET*• Agricultural Census*

* Under development

DACNET A Scheme for bringing E-Governance in the Directorates and Field

Units of Department of Agriculture & Cooperation (DAC)

• Establish Functional Hardware/software tools • Provide training • Develop Application Software • Assist in further system enhancement, if required • Establish LAN / Network / Internet Service

With a Mandate to

Information Flow from Field Units (DACNET)

Central Databases

Census Mach.Marketing

Coop.

Credit

Crops Exten.Fert

HortNDM

Plan-Co

PPQ

PP

RFS

SWCTMOP

IC&Trade

Field Offices

Directorates databases

Planners / Decision makers

AGRISNET envisages

• AGRISNET – A NICNET Based Agricultural Informatics & Communication to facilitate Higher Sustainable Agricultural productivity and Establish “Indian Agriculture on-line” in the Country

• Convergence of Core Technologies and e-Governance

AGRISNET envisages

• IT Infrastructure (H/W, S/W tools and Networking)• Information Networks (Web sites, portals, Vertical portals)• Data Warehousing (Database, Data Mining and Mata

Data)• Web enabled applications• GIS/RS based applications • IT Empowerment (HRD)

AGRISNET components

• Internet/Intranet services• E-Commerce & EDI Services• National & International Video

Conferencing• Networking (LAN, MAN, WAN) using

terrestrial, Satellite, & Wireless Communication

AGRISNET components

• IT Training• Data Base, Knowledge Base, and

Analytical Model Base development for Decision Support

• Disaster management

Sub-networks under AGRISNET

The following sub-networks will strengthen these portals:

• FERTNET: Fertilizer Network• HORTNET: Horticulture Network• PPIN: Plant Protection Network• VISTERNET: Agricultural Extension Network• CROPSNET : Crops Information Network• SEEDNET: Seeds Informatics Network• ACINET: Agricultural Credit Informatics Network• AGMARKNRT:Agricultural Marketing Network• ARISNET: Agricultural Research Information

System Network

• To strengthen these sub-networks, AGRISNET nodes will be established at National, State, District, and Block level with Internet/Intranet gateway at National and regional level.

• Agri-Clinic and Agri-business centres will be set up outside the Government set up to facilitate Un-employed agricultural graduates to generate income and employment through “Knowledge services” for farmers. The emerging technologies on “last mile” problems provide required technology solutions to establish Agri-clinic and Agri-business centres at sub district level

Hort. Division

INTRADAC

Attached , Subordinate, Autonomous, Field Offices

State, District & Block Agricultural Offices

Mail Server

Internet Server

Database Server

Data Ware housing

GIS Server

Work

g roup

s

“Agriculture On-line”

DACNET

AGRISNET

NRM Division

Crops Division

Admn. Division

Finance Div.

Agricultural Resource Information(core group – V on Agriculture and Soils (NNRMS-AC-AS)).

• Arid Agro-Ecosystem, Coastal Agro-Ecosystem, Hill & Mountain Agro-Ecosystem, Irrigated Agro-Ecosystem, and Rainfed Agro-Ecosystem. The pilot project demonstration, one district each with various typologies (13) using GIS/RS based Technology

In e-Governance, “electronic” means support and stimulate good governance. E-Governance will mature according to the following four phases (Garter Report)

• Information Presence : Websites• Interaction Intake Process: e-mail, search

engines, download forms and documents• Transaction Complete Transactions: Network and Information Security• Transformation Integration and Change: Virtual

counter

Accessibility Width of reach

Affordabilityby common man/ target customers



Communicability in People’s Language


Availabilityof Information across

multiple delivery channels



Reliability of transactions across multiple

delivery channels


delivery channels

ViabilityEconomic and political returns


Re-engineering of Processes within

Government


Government

Collaboration among the servicing

departments


departments

Trustworthy Adequate security

and auditability

e-Governance Imperatives

Service related

Service related

ImplementationRelated

Creating stakeholders buy-in through internal/external communications







delivery channels



Government


departments

Trustworthy Adequate security

and auditability

REFERENCE CITATIONS• 1. e-Agriculture Community of Practice, http://www.e-agriculture.org/about.html

• 2. Ray, G.L., “Extension Communication & Management”.

• 3. Meera S N 2008 “ICT in Agricultural Extension, Tactical to Practical”.

• 4.Chattopadyay, B.N. (undated) Information and Communication Technologies for SustainableDevelopment

• 5.Dhawan, V (2004) Critical Success Factors for Rural ICT Projects in India: A Study of n-Logue Kiosk Projects at Pabal and Baramati, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. http://www.dil.iitb.ac.in/docs/kiosk-success-factors.pdf.

• 6.Hasson, A.A., Fletcher, R. and Pentland, A. (2003) Daknet: A Road to Universal Broadband Connectivity, Wireless Internet UN ICT Conference Case Study,

• 7.IMF (2006) World Economic Outlook: Financial Systems and Economic Cycles, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/02/

• 8. IICD (2005) the TIC Bolivia Country Programme, International Institute for Communication

• 9. Saravanan, R (2008), (Ed.) Agricultural Extension:-Worldwide Innovations, New India Publishing Agency (NIPA), New Delhi

• Books Referred

• 1.Hand Book of Agriculture (2011) by ICAR Publication.

• 2.Fundamentals of Agriculture Science, Kattayan.A(2013)

• Web Sources

• 1.www.jgateplus.com

• 2.www.cera.iari.res.in

• 3.www.agropedia.iitk.ac.in

• 4.www.agricola.nal.usda.gov

• 5.http://www. odi.org.uk/resources/download/164.pdf

• 6.http://www.itu.int/wsis/docs/geneva/official/poa.html

• 7.http://www.itu.int/wsis/docs2/tunis/off/6rev1.html

• 8.http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/sites/default/files/WS%205.pdf.

• 9.http://www.communityict.ca/docs/daknet-case.pdf.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTIONGO GREEN ADOPT ICTMARCH AHEADFOLLOW CLIMATE SMART EXTENSIONSUSTAIN THE FUTURE

Bibhu santosh behera,ph.d ouat,bhubaneswar,india

Government & Nonprofit

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