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A conceptual framework for integrating building information modeling with augmented reality- summary Bhaumikkumar Koladiya, Metropolia University of Applied sciences Visualization is identified as an interactive platform between the design and non-design disciplines. There is lot of development has been made related to BIM to support AEC industry. BIM mainly used for simulations on construction site because of difficulties in handling of huge data. This study suggests that integration of BIM (Building information Modelling) and AR (Augmented Reality) can be effective platform to interact and utilize data for site management team and subcontractors. Three main aspects need to understand for studying feasibility of AR in Construction work.

1. Information searching and accessing, which relates to how information is obtained. A project engineer often requires some medium for information that is design drawings or manuals in general, which consumes time and effort. AR can represent information effectively and efficiently, which can improve decision making on site.

2. Attention allocation, which relates to the distraction from other tasks. Cognitive time (i.e. time not engaged with devices or tools) accounted for about 50% of total task time in the context of the manufacturing domain and independent of manual time (time for actual manipulation of devices and instrumentation). As a result subcontractors differed more in how much time they devoted to cognitive chores than manual chores. Thus, the use of AR will reduce the switching time between resource (drawings) and tasks by integrating the required information into activities and effort to do that.

3. Memory, which is composed of three distinct memory stores (1) sensory store, (2) short-term store, and (3) long-term store. Most construction work uses short-term memory. The more items that are stored in working memory, the longer the retrieval time. In the case of AR, information is directly applied to the subcontractor's real time situation, releasing part of the short memory occupied by those items and provides efficient retrieval of information from memory.

Construction have input components like manpower, money, materials, time and output components like quality, cost and schedule overrun, process of preparation, monitoring and closing. Connection between these components is complicated that can be classified as Product ,process, resource and time.AR can be medium for realizing product from virtual reality with visualisation of process and quantity calculations of resources. Proposed work pattern of BIM and AR integration is as follows:

1. Design and planning begins with BIM models with geometric and non-geometric design and management information.

2. BIM model is used as a guide to organize production process. 3. Each subcontractors views their task by same BIM model via AR 4. Result of that task can be updated by AR annotations or commenting in same BIM model.

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In following ways AR and BIM can be integrated Interdependency Generally all participants focus on their own task without any concern about interdependency to other. BIM can understand that interdependency, so it is necessary to understand that interrelationship for subcontractors to avoid re-work and to save money and time.AR can provide a display of singular and integrated views in real scale and time. Collision analysis and management Clash detection can be done by BIM in design stage but conflict can still occur during construction due to variations of schedule, methods and components. With the help of AR site manager can find potentials for conflicts by visualizing g all components and its properties related to building elements from BIM Link digital to physical All design and planning work includes information rather than physical resources. Misinterpretation from drawing can result in loss of financial resources and time. AR visualisation of BIM model can avoid this mistakes resulting quality products. Project control Design changes are often results in rework and schedule overruns. Mostly initial designs differs in construction stage which should be recognised in BIM. AR can be used to integrate as planned and as built data in single digital environment by allocating status: orders, delivered, checked, installed, completed, fixed. This visualisation can result in better decision making tool. Construction project progress monitoring With AR, project manager can obtain information about various activities of different locations. Colour schemes can be used to identify differences like: behind schedule, ahead schedule. Manager can compare as planned and as-built situations to identify difficulties related to production and delivery. Procurement: material flow tracking and management In construction, it is necessity to have coordination between production plant and on site services to avoid costly delays.AR could be integrated with production plant to improve logistics and on site material handling. Project planning, purchasing, production and logistic are mainly handballed by Enterprise Resource Planning system (ERP) using E procurement. Materials are tracked by ERP until construction site. Then BIM may be used to map ERP and barcode tags on actual components with unique ID. AR can be used to visualise this mapping relation on construction site Visualization of design during the production. Searching of specific details from bunch of file or generation of 3D from 2D drawing is challenging task.AR and BIM can provide a full 3D interactive model to provide visual understanding of details. To conclude, BIM is getting popular in industry but it is limited up to design stage of project. Augmented Reality, that is new technology in construction can integrate on-site applications of BIM. As a result conceptual framework for integration of BIM and AR includes three layers BIM, AR tracking for context aware and AR visualization. More research is needed to find out how this framework can be used for potential productivity and performance improvement in construction.

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Reference: A conceptual framework for integrating building information modeling with augmented reality Xiangyu Wang, Peter E.D. Love ,Mi Jeong Kim, Chan-Sik Park, Chun-Pong Sing,Lei Hou