Beyond Sustainability · Source: Steven Beckers Source: Source: Steven Beckers 17/53 Efficiency &...

1

Peter Luscuere

Beyond Sustainability

Delft University of Technology

1/53

Content

• Introduction, Challenges 8

• Energy, transistion 8

• Positive Footprints

– Energy 2

– Water 7

– Top Soil 7

– Materials, renewables 6

– Materials, technical 7

• Business 6 2/53

2

Sustainability, dimensions

Scale level, from

- Molecular to

- Biosphere

3/53


Scale level, from

- Molecular to

- Biosphere

Vectors: Energy, Water, Top Soil, Materials

4/53

3


Challenges (Environmental liabilities):

- Biodiversity

- Health effects

- Climate Change

- Scarcity

Scale level, from

- Molecular to

- Biosphere

Vectors: Energy, Water, Top Soil, Materials

5/53

Challenges, Solutions, Ambitions and

Judgment

6/53

4

Efficiency & Effectiveness

• Efficiency is doing things right

• Effectiveness is doing the right things

Source: Steven Beckers 7/53

High boiler efficiency, or not? a

8/53

5

Exergy of heat

9/53

Exergy of heat

10/53

6

Exergy of heat

Ex(Q) = Q * (1 – T0/T) (T0=293 K, or 20 °C)

Heat Exergy Exergy loss

(°C) (%) (%)

1200 80 20

1000 77 23

800 73 27

600 66 34

400 57 43

200 38 62

100 21 79

80 17 83

40 6 94

30 3 97

20 0 100

11/53


• We are very good in doing bad things very

efficient

12/53

7



efficient

• So we are doing the wrong things perfectly

right!

13/53



efficient

• So we are doing the wrong things perfectly

right!

• We are not very good in doing the right

things

14/53

8


• Efficiency is all about reducing costs and

reducing negative effects

Source: Steven Beckers

Source: Steven Beckers Source: Steven Beckers

15/53




• It is the personification of a negative

footprint



16/53

9





footprint

• But what if we could generate positive

footprints?



17/53





footprint


footprints?



18/53

10





footprint


footprints?



19/53

Fossil Energy, the end of an era

20/53

11


21/53


22/53

12


23/53


24/53

13

Nuclear Power as a solution?

Nuclear Reactors world-wide (2008):

– Number: 442, Power delivered: 6 %

[Jeremy Rifkin, 2008]

/53




To increase to 20%:

– Build 1.078 new and replace existing 442


/53

14




To increase to 20%:


At 3 new reactors per month, takes:

– 40 years !


27/53




To increase to 20%:


At 3 new reactors per month, takes:

– 40 years !


28/53

15

The abundance of the sun

29/53


30/53

16


min

160

120

80

40

31/53

Time for the sun to provide in Earth’s Yearly Energy Demand, now and in the future

PV Installed in Germany

32/53

17

PV Installed in Germany

24,8 GW ≈ 20 nucleair power plants 33/53

PV Growth Rate, Germany

34/53

18

Mobility: Fossil – Electric – Fuel Cell

35/53


36/53

19


37/53


[Ad van Wijk, 2012] 38/53

20


[Ad van Wijk, 2012] 39/53

40 [Ad van Wijk, 2012]

21

41

Used 5-10 % of time!

[Ad van Wijk, 2012]

The Third Industrial Revolution

Convergence of new Energy regimes with new Communication

Technologies


42/53

22



Technologies

– 1. Steam Engine


43/53



Technologies

– 1. Steam Engine and Steam Powered Printing


44/53

23



Technologies


– 2. Combustion Engine


45/53



Technologies


– 2. Combustion Engine and Electrical Communication


46/53

24



Technologies



– 3. Renewable Energies


47/53



Technologies



– 3. Renewable Energies and Internet: Intergrid


48/53

25



Technologies




Vife Pillars

– Shift to renewable energy


49/53



Technologies




Vife Pillars


– Buildings as distributed renewable energy sources


50/53

26



Technologies




Vife Pillars



– Use of Hydrogen and other energy storage technologies


51/53



Technologies




Vife Pillars




– Use of internet technology to transform power grids to Intergrid


52/53

27



Technologies




Vife Pillars




– Use of internet technology to transform power grids to Intergrid

– Transitioning transportation fleet to electric and fuel cell vehicles


53/53

Positive Footprint: Energy

• Why stop at “nearly zero energy buildings”?

• Produce more renewable energy as

consumed by the building

• Including the embodied energy

• Sun is abundent: 10,000 times our current

need, is clean and renewable

54/53

28

Positive Footprint: Energy

• Why stop at “nearly zero energy buildings”?

• Produce more renewable energy as

consumed by the building

• Including the embodied energy

• Sun is abundent: 10,000 times our current

need, is clean and renewable

55/53

Univ. Prof. Dr. -Ing. M.N. Fisch IGS – Institut für Gebäude- und Solartechnik | TU Braunschweig

IG

S

Passiv-

Haus

Plus- Energie

Haus

Primärenergie Errichtung und Betrieb Primärenergie Bau – „Graue Energie“

EnEV -

Standard

Jahre

…über dem Lebenszyklus „Plusenergie“

29

Water, a scarce commodity

57/53


58/53

30


Source: USGS

Water in the world

2,5 % Fresh

1,3 % at Surface

26,9 % non Frozen

Available:

87 ppm !

59/53


Source: USGS

Water in the world

2,5 % Fresh

1,3 % at Surface

26,9 % non Frozen

Available:

87 ppm !

How many cups of water needed?

60/53

31


Source: USGS

Water in the world

2,5 % Fresh

1,3 % at Surface

26,9 % non Frozen

Available:

87 ppm !


1,100 !! www.waterfootprint.org

61/53


Source: USGS

Water in the world

2,5 % Fresh

1,3 % at Surface

26,9 % non Frozen

Available:

87 ppm !


1,100 !! www.waterfootprint.org

62/53

32

Positive Footprint: Water

• Produce locally a better water quality out

as in

63/53

Natural energy:

Solar, wind or biomass,

or any low temperature

heat

Wastewater:

up to 90% volume reduction

Feed water:

Seawater, brackish or any

water source

Pure water:

from less then

1µS/cm to drinking

water quality

Vacuum Membrane Destillation

Low pressure

Low temperature

Multi stage-

Membrane distillation

33

Natural energy:

Solar, wind or biomass,

or any low temperature

heat

Wastewater:

up to 90% volume reduction

Feed water:

Seawater, brackish or any

water source

Pure water:

from less then

1µS/cm to drinking

water quality

Vacuum Membrane Destillation

Low pressure

Low temperature

Multi stage-

Membrane distillation

Effective Hospital Sewage Treatment

ROI ≈ 5-10 y 66/53

34

covent garden

brussels 2007

Source: Steven Beckers 67/53


68/53

35


95% Water Autonomy

150 k€ investment

4 Park spaces loss

Permit 50>75.000m2

157 M€ +

69/53

Top Soil

70/53

36

Top Soil

71/53

Top Soil

Blowing in the wind 72/53

37

Positive Footprint: Topsoil

• Have your project produce more Fertile

Soil as is destroyed by the building activity

73/53

FORD ROUGE CENTER storm water strategies

Source: EPEA 74/53

38

FORD ROUGE CENTER storm water strategies

Source: EPEA

Original plan: 50 M$

Realization: 15 M$

75/53


76/53

39


77/53


78/53

40

Materials-Renewables

79/53


80/53

41


81/53


82/53

42

• BioBased Materials are renewable by

definition

• Waste as Resource

Positive Footprint: Renewable Materials

83/53

Waste as a Recource

• CO2 as a resource, food

– Urea, Bevarages, Decaffeinate,Greenhouses

84/53

43

Waste as a Recource

• CO2 as a resource, food

– Urea, Bevarages, Decaffeinate,Greenhouses

• CO2 as a resource, industry

– Polycarbonates, CO2 to CH4

Thermodynamic cycles,

Biofuel / Biomass

85/53

Yield from biofuel feedstock

Source: National Renewable Energy Lab

86/53

44



87/53



88/53

45



89/53

Micro-algae

90/53

46

Micro-algae

91/53

Micro-algae

92/53

47

Super Critical CO2

Liquid-like density

Great for turbines

Gas-like viscosity and

surface tension

Ability for “fine-tuning”

dissolving properties

ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids

Fragrances

Proteins

93/53

Materials-Technical

http://www.theoildrum.com/

94/53

48

Materials-Technical

http://www.theoildrum.com/

95/53

Copper, exponential production

Paul Mobbs, University of London

96/53

49

Copper, one doubling left


97/53

The limits to growth

On the Cusp of Global Collapse?

Updated Comparison of The Limits to Growth with

Historical Data, Graham M.Turner


98/53

50

Waste

• What do we do with our waste?

99/53

Waste


– Put it in landfills ?

100/53

51

Waste



– Burn it ?

101/53

Waste



– Burn it ?

• and call that sustainable energy ?

102/53

52

Waste



– Burn it ?


103/53

Waste



– Burn it ?


– Down-, Re- or Up cycle ?

104/53

53

Waste



– Burn it ?


– Down-, Re- or Up cycle ?

• What is the value of our waste ?

105/53

What is the value of our waste?

• Gold:

106/53

54


• Gold:

– 1 kg gold: ≈ 30 k€

107/53


• Gold:

– 1 kg gold: ≈ 30 k€

• 1 kg of gold comes from:

108/53

55


• Gold:

– 1 kg gold: ≈ 30 k€


– 200 - 1,000 ton ore from gold mines

109/53


• Gold:

– 1 kg gold: ≈ 30 k€



– 76,923,077 ton sea water (Cube 425 m)

110/53

56


• Gold:

– 1 kg gold: ≈ 30 k€




– ≈ 3,3 ton of used mobile phones!

Source: USGS

111/53


• Gold:

– 1 kg gold: ≈ 30 k€





– + 471 kg Cu, 10 kg Ag, 0,4 kg Pd and 10 g of Pt Source: USGS

112/53

57


• Gold:

– 1 kg gold: ≈ 30 k€





– + 471 kg Cu, 10 kg Ag, 0,4 kg Pd and 10 g of Pt

• Urban mining vs. Thermal value! Source: USGS

113/53

Positive Footprint: Technical Materials

• Technical materials

– Concept of ExWaste

114/53

58




115/53




– Necessity to re- and upcycle

116/53

59





– Need for disassembly (materials + substances!)

117/53






– Need for redesign (Products + Processes)

118/53

60






– Need for redesign (Products + Processes)

119/53


• Energy

– Sun is abundent, fossils are the problem

120/53

61


• Energy


• Water

– Clean&sweet water is scarce, energy can help

121/53


• Energy


• Water


• Top Soil

– Lost Topsoil can be formed

122/53

62


• Energy


• Water


• Top Soil

– Lost Topsoil can be formed

• Materials

– Technical materials are critical, re- and upcycling

are essential 123/53

How does this influence our business?

• Price surge resources

124/53

63



125/53



126/53

64



• Need to re-/upcycle

127/53




• Invest in redesign

128/53

65





• Change in ownership

129/53






• Own -> Use

130/53

66






• Own -> Use

• What goes in/through

• Global optimization

131/53






• Own -> Use

• What goes in/through

• Global optimization

• Principles of C2C®

132/53

67

Different Business Consequences

• Delivery of services vs. goods

133/53



– Product as a Service: Long term relationship

134/53

68




– Light vs. lamps, heat vs. boilers, footcomfort vs.

carpeting, transport vs. car, housing vs. building

135/53






• Buildings become material banks

136/53

69







• Which parties will be leading / owning ?

137/53








• Sustainability as market pull

138/53

70








• Sustainability as market pull

• Non-sustainability as environmental liability

139/53

Environmental Impact

• Closed-Loop Production

• Physical to Virtual

• Rematerialization

Model behaviour, SustainAbilty

140/53

http://www.ulule.com/wafate/

71

Social Innovation

• Cooperative Ownership

• Inclusive sourcing

• Buy one, Give one

Model behaviour, SustainAbilty 141/53

Divers Impact

• Product as a Service

• Ridesharing

• Shared Resources


72

Divers Impact

• Product as a Service

• Ridesharing

• Shared Resources


Peter Luscuere


Delft University of Technology

144

Beyond Sustainability · Source: Steven Beckers Source: Source: Steven Beckers 17/53 Efficiency &...

Documents

Transcript of Beyond Sustainability · Source: Steven Beckers Source: Source: Steven Beckers 17/53 Efficiency &...