BERGEY’s MANUAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY

Presented By :-AKSHAY PAREEKM.Sc. Biotech II sem

1.Gram (-) bacteria

2.Gram (+) bacteria

4.Actinomycetes

Edition 1 of Bergey’s Manual

Characterstics used for classification in edition 1

• General shape & morphology• Gram staining properties• Oxygen relationship• Motility• Presence of endospores• Mode of energy production

• Includes medicinally important bacteria• Thin peptidoglycan layer• Outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide• periplasmic space• Phototrophic, Chemolithotropic or

Chemoorganotropic• No teichoic acids or lipoteichoic acids• Contain Braun's lipoprotein and porins

Gram (-) Bacteria

Gram (+) Bacteria

• Thick peptidoglycan layer• Teichoic acids present• Chemoorganoheterotrophic• Peptidoglycan molecules are cross-linked by

pentaglycine chains• Primarily exotoxins are produced• 2 rings in basal body of flagella• Some can form endospores

Archaea

• They are extremophiles like methanotrophs , halophiles

• Cell wall is made of pseudomurein rather than peptidoglycan.

• Ether bonds in membrane lipids• obligate anaerobes• Asexual reproduction by binary fission

Actinobacteria

• High G+C content• Anaerobes or microaerophilic• Produce filamentous hyphae• Decomposition of organic materials so important

part of humus formation• No production of endospore• Secondary metabolite producers• Representing Genera- Mycobacterium,

Corynebacterium, Actinomycetes etc.

Edition 2 of Bergey’s Manual

1.Archaea

2.Proteobacteria

3.Low G+C Gram(+) bacteria

5.Spirochaetes, Fusobacteria, Plancomycetes,Bacteroidetes & Fibrobacters

Published in 1984

Particularly based on phylogenetic analysis

Phylogenetic analysis is basically depends on Sequencing of rRNA,

DNA and proteins

Proteobacteria

• Variety of pathogens, such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio

• Gram-negative• Facultatively or obligately anaerobic

chemoautotrophs, and heterotrophic• convert energy from light through

photosynthesis• It includes Nitrobacter, Nitrococcus, Rickettsia,

Rhizobium and Agrobacterium etc.

Fimricutes

• Refrers to low G+C content• Their DNA typically has fewer G and C DNA

bases• reproduce through binary fission • Some can form endospores like Bacillus• Representative Genera – Mycoplasma,

Clostridium, Lactobacillus etc.• Bacillus subtilis is one of the primary model

organisms.

Spirochaete

• Long helically coiled cells• Gram (-) cell wall• Aerobic, Anaerobic or facultative anaerobic• Chemoheterotropic• Flagella arranged as axial filaments• Twisting motion• Repesentative Genera – Treponema and

Borrelia

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