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Berachah Bible Institute Hebrew Grammar I Chapter 7: Hebrew Adjectives.
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Transcript of Berachah Bible Institute Hebrew Grammar I Chapter 7: Hebrew Adjectives.
Berachah Bible InstituteHebrew
Grammar I
Chapter 7: Hebrew Adjectives
BBIHebrew
Grammar IHebrew Adjectives
Function just like English adjectives• Limit nouns
Section 7.1 – Introduction
• May be used in one of three ways Attributive Adjectives The red ball
Predicate Adjectives The ball is red
Substantive Adjectives Red is a color
BBIHebrew
Grammar IHebrew Adjectives
Adjectives must match the noun they modify in both gender and number
Section 7.2 – Inflection of Adjectives
Thus, adjectives may be either masculine or feminine and either singular or plural.(* dual nouns are matched with plural adjectives)
Adjective endings match noun endings. See page 61 of book.
BBIHebrew
Grammar IHebrew Adjectives
1. Adjectives must agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify.
Section 7.3 – Notes on Inflection
vAdq' yAg
~yvidoq. ~yIm:
hb'Aj #r<a,
tAbAj tAlWtB.
M F
S
P
Note: Dual noun matched with plural adjective
BBIHebrew
Grammar IHebrew Adjectives
2. Plural adjectives are singular in translation value unless used substantively.
Section 7.3 – Notes on Inflection (cont.)
Attributive Adjectives A wise king OR Wise kings
~k'x' %l,m,ñ~ymik'x] ~ykil'm. Predicate Adjectives a king is wise OR Kings are wise
%l,m,ñ ~k'x' ~ykil'm. ~ymik'x] Substantive Adjectives A wise person OR Wise people
~k'x' ~ymik'x]
BBIHebrew
Grammar IHebrew Adjectives
3. Adjectives undergo vowel changes when the inflectional endings are added.
Section 7.3 – Notes on Inflection (cont.)
Good Ship Hebrew
E.g, ~k'x' ~ymik'x]
BBIHebrew
Grammar IHebrew Adjectives
First, review their three uses:
Section 7.4 – Use of Adjectives
Attributive Adjectives The red ball
Predicate Adjectives The ball is red
Substantive Adjectives Red is a color
BBIHebrew
Grammar IHebrew AdjectivesSection 7.4 – Use of Adjectives (cont.)
How do you know how an adjective is being used?
1) Attributive (The red ball)• Follows the noun• Agrees with noun in number and gender• Agrees with noun in definiteness
2) Predicate (The ball is red)• May precede or follow the noun• Agrees with noun in number and gender• Does not have the definite article (may or may not match noun)
3) Substantive (Red is a color)• No noun for it to modify• No noun for it to agree with• May or may not have the definite article
BBIHebrew
Grammar IHebrew AdjectivesSection 7.4 – Use of Adjectives (cont.)
Some definitive questions you can ask (in this order)…1) Is there a noun for the adjective to modify? If not, SUBSTANTIVE
3) Does the adjective have the definite article? If so, ATTRIBUTIVE
2) Does the adjective precede the noun? If so, PREDICATIVE
If none of these questions work, that means…1) There a noun for the adjective to modify.
2) The adjective follows the noun
3) Neither the adjective nor the noun has the definite article.
4) Does the noun have the definite article? If so, PREDICATIVE
Must examine the context…
BBIHebrew
Grammar IHebrew AdjectivesSection 7.4 – Use of Adjectives (cont.)
tAn=b' yTeäv. !b"ßl'l.Wha'êle
‘hl'doG>h; ~veÛ
Gen 29:16
And to Laban [were]twodaughters
The name ofthe great one [was]
lxe(r" hN"ßj;Q.h; ~veîw>
Leah
And thename of
the small one [was]Rachel
BBIHebrew
Grammar IHebrew AdjectivesSection 7.4 – Use of Adjectives (cont.)yMiê[i bK;äv.li ‘yl;ae
aB'ÛlAd)G" lAqïB. ar"Þq.a,w"
Gen 39:14
He came into meto lie
and I cried outwith a sound
with me
Grammatically, could be “with a sound is great” “with a great sound”
great
BBIHebrew
Grammar IHebrew AdjectivesSection 7.4 – Use of Adjectives (cont.)
‘daom. lAdÜG" hv,ªmo vyaiäh'
~yIr:êc.mi #r<a,äB.
Exod 11:13
The manMosesgreat
in the land ofEgypt
very
Grammatically, could be “The man was a very great Moses” “The man Moses was very great”
BBIHebrew
Grammar IHebrew AdjectivesSection 7.5 – Lexical Form
To find an adjective in the lexicon (dictionary), you must look for the masculine, singular form.~yqiAxr>
qAxr"
tAqAxr>
qAxr"
hq"Axr>
qAxr"
BBIHebrew
Grammar IHebrew AdjectivesSection 7.6 – Directional Ending
• Don’t be confused…Has nothing to do with Hebrew Adjectives.• But, you have to talk about it somewhere…
• When you add a non-accented h 'on the end
of a noun, it is like adding the preposition la, to the front of it.
• If you add it to a feminine noun already ending
in h ', the final h of the noun becomes a t (see the first example below).
BBIHebrew
Grammar IHebrew AdjectivesSection 7.6 – Directional Ending (cont.)
At‡ao !Waåc.m.Ti !KEå ry[iäh' ~k,äa]boK.
lkoªa/l, ht'm'øB'h; hl,’[]y: •~r<j,B.
When you enterthe citythusyou will find
(Definite direct object marker)
him
before
1 Sam 9:13
he goes up
hm'B' = “high place”
to the high placeto eat
Ch. 7 vocabulary word
BBIHebrew
Grammar IHebrew AdjectivesSection 7.6 – Directional Ending (cont.)
hr"h'ªh' ~V'ømi
qTe’[.Y:w:
And he movedfrom thereto the hill country
Gen 12:8
BBIHebrew
Grammar IHebrew AdjectivesSection 7.6 – Directional Ending (cont.)
hl'êAdg> h['äWrT. ‘~['h' W[yrIÜY"w:
And they shouted
the peoplea shout
Joshua 6:20
h'yT,ªx.T; hm'øAxh;( lPo’Tiw:‘hr"y[i’h' ~['Ûh'
l[;Y:“w:
a great (Ch. 7)
Notice how context tells us this is an attributive adjective.
And it fellthe wall (fs)in its place
And they went upthe peopleto the city
BBIHebrew
Grammar IHebrew Adjectives
• Know the “inflectional endings” on page 61 (#1).
Section 7.7 - Summary
• Know the three ways adjectives are used (#4, a-c). Know this item exactly and in all details!
• Know how the Hebrew directional ending works (#5)
BBIHebrew
Grammar I
Reminder
• Vocabulary and Grammar Quiz this week.
• Don’t forget to be doing journal (turn in @ end)
• After chapter 6, you know 51% of all OT words
• After chapter 7, you will know 53% of all OT words
• MIDTERM THIS WEEK. Will cover grammar and vocabulary from chapters 1-6 • No class Oct 15 and Oct 22, but study! Assignments due on Oct 29.