Adjectives

Adjectives belong to one of two

groups.

1st-2nd declension adjectives 3rd declension adjectives

Adjectives

Here are some adjectives from your new vocabulary list

malus, mala, malum

amicus, amica, amicum

sacer, sacra, sacrum

Notice that all these words have an a at the end of

the 2nd word. This makes them 1st-2nd declension adjectives.

How to determine the declension of an adjective

Here are some other adjectives you have NOT been given yet

celer, celeris, celere

brevis, breve

audax, audacis

Notice that these words have an –is in one of the forms.

This makes them 3rd declension adjectives

How to determine the declension of an

adjective

To determine the base of an adjective find

either the word ending in a or is and drop

off the a or the is sacer, sacra, sacrum =

sacr--- audax, audacis = audac---

How to get the base of an adjective

All the adjectives in your list are 1st-2nd

declension. The endings for the adjectives are exactly like

the noun endings we have learned so farFeminine Masculine Neutera ae us, er i um aae arum i orum i orumae is o is o isam as um os um aa is o is o is

1st-2nd declension Adjectives

Notice the forms are the same as the ones you already have

learned

aaeaeama

aearumisasis

Notice the forms are the same as the ones you already have

learned

us, erioumo

iorumisosis

Notice the forms are still the same as the ones you have already

learned

umioumo

aorumisais

Notice that the heading for the endings has

changed The endings that match 1st declension are

called FEMININE The endings that match 2nd declension

Masculine are called MASCULINE The endings that match 2nd declension Neuter

are called NEUTER

So What’s Different?

FEMININE

aaeaeama

aearumisasis

MASCULINE

us, erioumo

iorumisosis

NEUTER

umioumo

aorumisais

A few other terms and grammar points you must

know Adjectives modify

nouns Adjectives must

agree with the noun they modify in

Gender Number Case

These are called the attributes of the adjective

Since nouns and adjectives use endings that

are the same, for now MOST nouns and adjectives will have the same ending.

BE CAREFUL. There are exceptions to this which we will practice soon.

When we learn 3rd declension NOUNS they will NOT have the same endings, so don’t fall into a false sense of security.

For now MOST endings will look the SAME

Cornelia est laeta Flavia est laeta Sextus est laetus Marcus est laetus Bellum est longum

EXAMPLES

Per magnam silvam ambulatis

Miseris servis auxilium portamus

Multos pueros in oppido vidimus

You can use any case.

Masculine does not have to mean words like

boy, king, brother. For example, the word

ludus is masculine and it means school or game

Feminine does not have to mean words like girl, queen, sister. For example the word

amicitia is feminine and it means friendship

NOTA BENE

Suppose we want to say happy girls in the accusative pl.

1. Start with the noun – puella2. Determine the declension and get the base puell (1st decl)3. Put the correct ending on puellas4. Get the base for laetus, laeta, laetum laetFind the feminine plural accusative ending and add it laetasPuellas laetas - happy girls

So let’s see it done

Most nouns of the 1st declension are feminine These are the exceptions

agricola nauta poeta

All the nouns we will work with in the 2nd declension masculine are masculine

All the nouns of the 2nd declension neuter are neuter

A note about gender

More practice

Your horses accusative pl.

equ tu equos tuos

osos

Another one

long message ablative sing.

nunti longnuntio longo

oo

Try these

new house nom. sing.

miserable slaves abl. pl.

unfriendly boy gen. sing.

villa nova

servis miseris

pueri inimici

The End