Benchmark SC.F.1.2.4: The student knows that similar

cells form different kinds of structures

Ophir Ortiz

GLE’s Covered in this Presentation

• Fourth1. knows that living things are composed of cells.2. knows that processes needed for life are carried out by the cells.  

• Fifth  1. uses magnifying tools to identify similar cells and different kinds of structures.

2. knows the parts of plants and animal cells. 3. understands how similar cells are organized to form

structures (for example, tissue, organs) in plants and animals.

Outline• What is a cell? • “How Big” Applet 1• Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells• Parts of Bacteria Cells • Hands-On Activity 1/ Worksheet 1• Parts of Plant Cells (hyperlinked)• Parts of Animal Cells (hyperlinked)• Parts of a Cell Applet 2/ Worksheet 2• Brain Pop Video 1: Cell Structure• Hands-On Activity 2: Build Model of Animal Cell and Plant Cell using Play-doh and Candy/Pasta• Brain Pop Video 2: Cell Specialization• Nutrient Transport into Cells• Hands-On Activity 3/ Worksheet 3: Nutrient Transport into Cell Membrane • Tissues- Animal (human) and Plant• Organs- Human• Organs Game Applet 3

• Appendix- Play-doh recipe, Additional Resources/Links

Cell Overview

• All living organisms are made up of cells

• “building blocks of life”

• Mold on bread, your dog, pine trees, etc. are all made up of cells

• Cells are so small, they need to be magnified to be seen

• Microscopes are used to magnify cells

There are more than 10 trillion cells, and over 200 types of cells in the human body, that very

greatly in size, shape, and function!!!

Cell Overview

How Big are Cells?

Why are cells important?

• Cells can:– take in nutrients, – convert these nutrients into energy – carry out specialized functions – reproduce as necessary

• Each cell stores its own set of instructions (DNA) for carrying out each of these activities

• Depending on the type of cell, DNA may be stored inside the nucleus, or it is free floating inside the cell

CELL NUCLEUSThe Command Center

The cell nucleus acts like the “command center” of the cell

It regulates all cell activity

It consists of a nuclear envelope, (the outer membrane) and nucleoplasm

In the nucleoplasm you can see chromatin and the nucleolus

http://biology.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://personal.tmlp.com/Jimr57/textbook/chapter3/chapter3.htm

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

• There are two general classes of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic.

Prokaryotic Cells: found in one-celled organisms; do not have a nucleus

(bacteria)

Eukaryotic Cells: found in organisms composed of many cells; cells have a membrane-bound nucleus

(plant cells, animal cells)

Prokaryotic: Bacteria Cell

Parts of Bacteria CellsCell Part Function

cell wall maintain shape

capsule protection

flagella long “arms”, for movement

nucleoid where DNA is located

pili these help cells attach to each other

plasma membrane cell covering that allows certain nutrients into or out of the cell

What is bacteria?

• Bacteria are one-celled organisms that reproduce very quickly

• Some are good, some are bad!

• Good bacteria are in your stomach, in yogurt, and in bread. Yum!

Leptospira, which causes serious disease in livestock

“Caught Dirty-Handed”

Reference:

http://www.microbe.org/experiment/dirty-handed.asp

Hands-on Activity 1/ Worksheet 1

Eukaryotic: Animal Cell

Parts of Animal Cells

Cell Part Function

cell membrane covering that controls nutrients into or out of the cell

centriole important in cell division process

centrosome important in cell division process

cytoskeleton a “skeleton” inside the cell

cytosol the “soup” inside cells

endoplasmic reticulum makes “proteins”

(we need proteins to live, like those found in meat and nuts)

golgi “packages” molecules for transport

Parts of Animal Cells (cont’d)

Cell Part Function

lysosome kills bacteria

mitochondrion makes energy for the cell to function

nucleolus inside the nucleus

nucleus control center of the cell, contains DNA

peroxisome for protection

secretory vesicle “packages” certain chemicals

vacuole helps in getting rid of waste products

Eukaryotic: Plant Cell

Parts of Plant Cells

Cell Part Function

cell membrane covering that controls nutrients into or out of the cell

cell wall protective barrier

centrosome important in cell division process

chloroplast contains chlorophyll

cytoskeleton helps maintain shapte

cytosol “soup” inside the cell

endoplasmic reticulum makes “proteins”

Parts of Plant Cells

Cell Part Function

golgi “packages” molecules for transport

lysosome kills bacteria

mitochondrion makes energy for the cell to function

nucleus control center of the cell, contains DNA

nucleolus inside the nucleus

peroxisome for protection

vacuole helps in getting rid of waste products

Parts of a Cell Applet

Brain Pop Video 1:Cell Structures

In this exercise, the student will become familiar with the different parts of the animal cell and the plant cell. This will be accomplished by using playdoh as the “cytoplasm”, seran wrap as the “cell membrane”, and various candies and pasta for other components of the cells.

Reference:

http://www.edu.pe.ca/gray/class_pages/rcfleming/cells/demos.htm

Hands-on Activity 2:Build Animal and Plant Cell Models using Play-doh and Candy/Pasta

Finished Model of Animal Cell

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Endoplasmic

Reticulum

Golgi

Apparatus

Vacuole

VacuoleSecretory

Vesicle

Cytoplasm

Cell Membrane

Finished Model of Plant Cell

Plant Cell

Nucleolus

Vacuole

Chloroplast

Lysosome

Mitochondrion

Golgi

ApparatusCell Wall

(Al. foil)

Cell Membrane

(Seran wrap)

Peroxisome

ER

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Brain Pop Video 2:Cell Specialization

How do Nutrients Enter Cells?

• Just like we need food to get energy, cells also need food (nutrients)

• All cells have a thin cover called the cell membrane

• Nutrients must pass through this cover (membrane) in order to get inside the cell– One way in which nutrients enter the cell is

called “Diffusion”

• Objective:- This shows how nutrients (iodine) pass, or diffuse, through the cell

membrane (plastic bag)• Materials:

– Beaker – Iodine– Cornstarch– Sealable plastic sandwich bags

• Procedure:Step 1: Place 2 tsp. cornstarch in bagStep 2: Squeeze out as much air as possible, then seal bag.Step 3: Pour 1c. (~240mL) water into beakerStep 4: Add 20 drops of iodine into beaker with waterStep 5: Place bag inside beaker, making sure all of cornstarch comes into

contact with iodine/water mixtureStep 6: Wait 25 min; most of the cornstarch will turn purple

Hands-on Activity 3/ Worksheet 3: Nutrients through the Cell

Membrane (Diffusion)

• The simplest living creatures are composed of simple cells, but in complex organisms such as human beings and plants, the hierarchy continues on to the tissue level

• Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function

What Happens When a Number of Cells Get Together???

Tissue Type Description Where it is found in the body

Epithelium Cover organ surfaces

Skin, digestive tract

Connective Holds everything together

Blood, bone, cartilate

Muscle Has filaments that contract

Muscles

Nervous Main component of nervous system

Brain, spinal cord

Human Tissues

Human Tissues

Epithelium

Connective

cartilage

Muscle

cardiac

Nervous

central nervous system

Plant Tissues

Type of Tissue Description Where it is found in plant

Meristematic Division of new cells for new growth or repair

Inside plant body

Epidermis Cells forming the outer surface

Cover leaves, plant body

Vascular Transport fluids and nutrients

Inside plant body

Ground Manufactures nutrients by photosynthesis

Center of plant body

Plant Tissues

• An organ is a structure composed of at least two tissue types

• Examples of organs in humans include kidneys, spleen, liver, heart, lungs

Organs

Appendix

• 2 1/2 cups of flour• 1/2 cup salt• 2 packages dry unsweetened Kool-Aid• 2 cups boiling water• 3 tablespoons oil

Recipe obtained from:http://k2.kirtland.cc.mi.us/~balbachl/kidrecip.htm#Doh

Recipe for Play-doh

• Bacteria hands-on activity: How Do You Make Perfect Yogurt?

http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/preview.cgi?LPid=2515

• Experiments dealing with bacteria/germshttp://www.microbe.org/experiment/experiments.asp

• “Cells Alive” interactive website http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/plntcell.htm

• Link to Free BrainPop Short Videos, various topicshttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078617022/student_view0/

brainpop_movies.html

Additional Resources/ Links

• Various science- related applets http://www.iknowthat.com/com/L3?Area=Science+Lab&COOK

• Animal Cell Coloring - general animal cell, coloring

http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/cellcolor.html

• Plant Cell Coloring - plant cellhttp://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/cellcolor-plant.html

• Cell Theory Rap - poem to help learn about cellshttp://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/cellrap.html

Additional Resources/ Links

Cell City Analogy - worksheet that describes a city, comparing to organelles

http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/cell-analogy.html

Organs Game (from Slide ) and other virtual games dealing with the human body

http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/index_interactivebody.shtml

Animal Tissue slides

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookAnimalTS.html

Plant tissuehttp://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/botf99/tissimages/tiss1.html

Additional Resources/ Links

Questions???