Benchmark historical clothing Lesson Plan 1...

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Benchmark historical clothing 1 www.journeysforlearning.com.au Lesson Plan Attachment George Havenith L hb hU i it LoughboroughUniversity Roald Amundsen 18721928 Robert Falcon Scott 18681912 1872 1928 1868 1912 AmundsenScottAmundsen Scott • Same distance 2500 km Same equipment Same equipment • Same food • Same clothing Keo films 2006 Keo films 2006 Scott Amundsen Modern Arctic 6 5 3 4 ion (Clo) 2 Insulat 0 1 0 Scott full outfit Amundsen Sealskin outer Amundsen Reindeer outer Modern Arctic Suit 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.8 o / kg 84 81 8.2 5.0 0.4 0.6 Cl 8.4 kg 8.1 kg kg kg 0.2 0.0 Scott full outfit Amundsen Sealskin outer Amundsen Reindeer outer Modern Arctic Suit

Transcript of Benchmark historical clothing Lesson Plan 1...

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Benchmark historical clothing 1

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Lesson Plan Attachment

George HavenithL hb h U i itLoughborough University

RoaldAmundsen1872‐1928

Robert FalconScott1868‐19121872 1928 1868 1912

‘Amundsen’ ‘Scott’Amundsen Scott

• Same distance2500 km

• Same equipmentSame equipment• Same food• Same clothing

Keo films 2006Keo films 2006

Scott Amundsen Modern Arctic

6

5

3

4

ion (Clo)

2

3

Insulat

0

1

0Scott full outfit

Amundsen Sealskin outer

Amundsen Reindeer outer

ModernArctic Suit

1.2

1.0

1.2

0.8

o/ kg

8 4 8 1 8.2 5.00.4

0.6Cl

8.4kg

8.1kg kg kg

0.2

0.0 Scott full outfit

Amundsen Sealskin outer

Amundsen Reindeer outer

Modern Arctic Suit

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Lesson Plan Attachment

Addition of Down and Lightweight Fabrics

Energy intake by food was unable to matchactual energy use (19% weight loss of which 60% muscle)actual energy use (19% weight loss of which 60% muscle)Caused by extreme extreme workload of sledgeghauling

What was the contribution of clothing to this problem of energy use?to this problem of energy use?

Dorman, Havenith & Thermprotect Network 2005 2006

Energy need increased 3 – 22%

Thermprotect Network 2005, 2006

Energy need increased 3 – 22%Issues other than clothing weight contribute more than half of this effect 

Weight distributionNumber of clothing layersNumber of clothing layersFrictionStiffnessB lkiBulkiness

(%) 25

Clothing

 

20

se due

 to 

15

Energy Us

10

crease in

 E

5

Inc

0Scott

Sledge Pulling

Amundsen

Sledge Pulling

Amundsen

Dog Sledge

Modern Suit

Pulling/Dog SledgeSledge Pulling Sledge Pulling Dog Sledge Pulling/Dog Sledge

substantial knock‐on effects for energy useS tt  l thi   %   th   d   l thiScott clothing 10% more than modern clothing

Reconstructed (2005)M d   il bl  f  t ti  b  M t i  H it  T tMade available for testing by Mountain Heritage Trust

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Lesson Plan Attachment

Royal Geographical Society

Royal Geographical Society

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5

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1

2

0Scott Amundsen Amundsen + Modern Mallory FullScott Amundsen

SealskinAmundsen +

ReindeerModern

Arctic SuitMallory Full

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0 2

0.4

5 kg 4 5kg8 2kg8 1kg8 4kg

0.0

0.2 5 kg 4.5kg8.2kg8.1kg8.4kg

Scott AmundsenSealskin Outer

Amundsen +Reindeer Outer

ModernArctic Suit

Mallory

InsulationVapour ResistanceWind effect on Insulation and Vapour Wind effect on Insulation and Vapour ResistanceSustained Heat Production

Insulation of still air layer

0 8

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1

lo)

Insulation of still air layer

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0.8

Insulation

 (Cl

0.4

0.5

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

Altitude above sea level (m)

Fukazawa et al. 2000

120%

80%

100%

60%

20%

40%

Wind Reduction

0%

static 2 kmph  static 4 kmph  static 8 kmph  static 24  static 40  static 40 

Wind Reduction + Altitude Increase

wind wind wind kmph wind kmph wind kmph wind (plastic)

Condition

90

100

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90

60

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40

50

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30

0

10

S tt A d A d M d M llScott AmundsenSealskin Outer

Amundsen + Reindeer Outer

ModernArctic Suit

MalloryFull

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Lesson Plan Attachment

( ) d l d ( )

1600120

VO2max (%) and Maximal Heat Production (Watt)

1000

1200

1400

80

100

evel Max power

Everest

600

800

1000

40

60

of Sea

 L

S t i bl

Everest

200

400

20

40

% o Sustainable power

Oxygen

00

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

AltitudeAltitude

I  i  i l i   i h  l i d    Increase in insulation with altitude: up to 14%4Decrease in Vapour Resistance (50%?)Reduced Heat Production by up to 75%Oxygen at 2 2 l/min will bring this back Oxygen at 2.2 l/min will bring this back up (partially).

Royal Geographical Society

HeatProduction300WattHeat Production 300 Watt

7

5

6

Breathing Oxygen

Modern(at altitude)

3

4Mallory(at altitude)

Breathing Oxygen

1

2

3

at 7 km/h wind

(at altitude)

0

1

‐45‐40‐35‐30‐25‐20‐15‐10‐50

at 40 km/h wind

Temperature (ºC)

A d  Cl thi  S i  t  S tt’Amundsen Clothing Superior to Scott’sScott’s Clothing sufficient insulation for man‐hauling l dsledgesMain improvement to modern clothing

i l i  f   i h  insulation for weight reduced energy cost per kg of clothing

Mallory’s clothing lightweight  designed for fast Mallory s clothing lightweight, designed for fast approach, energy efficient.Insufficient insulation for turn of weather: high winds Insufficient insulation for turn of weather: high winds and low temperatures

Thanks to:K FilKeo Films

Mallory Clothing Reconstruction TeamMountain Heritage TrustMountain Heritage Trust

Colleagues at Loughborough

Ph i l i l   t  h t  d  ldPhysiological responses to heat and coldHeat transfer in protective clothingBody mapping of sweat rates.....

6 0

5.0

6.0Whole body

Head

Torso

Hips

4.0

Arms

Legs

Hands

Feet

3.0

1 0

2.0

0.0

1.0

2 km/h 4km/h 8 km/h 24 km/h 40 km/h +plastic

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Lesson Plan Attachment

Upper Body FootwearUpper BodySilk wool vest  140 gSilk shirt (beige) 342 gh l d ll

FootwearBlue socks  108 gMixed Shetland socks 82 g

l kShetland pullover 314 gSilk shirt (green) 248 gFlannel (wool) shirt 595 g

Argyle socks 82 gPuttees  106 gSub Total  356 g

Burberry jacket  824 gSub total  2675 g

Lower bodyTOTAL WEIGHT 

excluding boots  4516 gyCotton long‐johns  275 gGreen Shetland long‐johns  320 gB  Sh tl d l j h    

g 45 g

Brown Shetland long‐johns  450 gBurberry breeches  440 gSub Total  1485 g

Source: Mallory Myths and MysteriesBy Mike Parsons and Mary Rose

Total  4160 g

Boot weight Crampon TotalBoot description per half pair weight weightBoot description per half pair weight weight

1975,Galibier Makalu double boot,neoprene over‐boot 1600 g 600 g 2400 g p g g 4 gLate 1970s Plastic shell boot with closedcell foam lining  1400 g  600 g  2000 g 2004 Scarpa 8000 with integral gaiter  1400 g  600 g  2000 g 1953 Everest boot  1200 g  600 g  1800 g George Mallory boot 1924 800 g No crampon 800 g

Source: Mallory Myths and MysteriesBy Mike Parsons and Mary Rose

Under garments 

Outerwear

1 x Reindeerskin anorak with hood

1 x sealskin anorak with hood Under garments 

1 x pair of Wolsey woollen long johns and thermal long sleeved vest

1 x Devold Basic long sleeved thermal top + 

1 x seal skin trousers 

1 x Burberry style windproof trousers

1 x Burberry style windproof jacket with hood 

    i   f   (     d b   f  ) Devold Basic long johns

1 x Aquaduct long sleeved thermal top + Aquaduct thermal long johns 

I  l    

1 x pair of puttees (to wrap round bottom of trousers) 

Head and neck gear 

1 x woollen balaclava (designed and made especially) 

1 x woollen hat from DevoldInner layer top 

Cotton/wool shirt x 1 or 2 supplied by team members themselves

1 x Devold woollen Nordsjosweater with turtle 

1 x woollen hat from Devold

1 x woollen scarf

Footwear 

4 x pairs of Devold thick Nansen socks1 x Devold woollen Nordsjosweater with turtle neck 

1 x  Devold woollen Nansen sweater with crew neck 

2 x pairs of Devold Active thinner socks 

2 x pairs of Wolsey woollen half length sock 

4 x pairs of Wolsey full length hose sock 

Inner layer bottom 

1 x Pair of corduroy trousers (tbc possibly  not necessary) 

(variety of sizes for each man for layering) 

1 x Finnesko boot 

Hands 

1 x pair of large reindeer mits 1 x pair of large reindeer mits 

2/3 x pairs of ordinary woollen gloves from Ulvang 

1 x pair of large woollen mittens from Ulvang 

Inner layer bottom 

Under garments 

Inner layer bottom 

1 x corduroy trousers tbc

1 x woollen trousers tbc

OuterwearUnder garments 1 x pair of Wolsey woollen long johns and thermal long sleeved vest1 x Devold Basic long sleeved thermal top 

1 x Burberry style windproof trousers

1 x Burberry style windproof jacket without collar 

1 x pair of puttees (to wrap round bottom of trousers) 1 x Devold Basic long sleeved thermal top + Devold Basic long johns1 x Aquaduct long sleeved thermal top + Aquaduct thermal long johns 

Head and neck gear 

1 x woollen balaclava (designed and made especially) 

1 x woollen hat from Devold

1 x woollen scarfAquaduct thermal long johns Inner layer top Cotton/wool shirt x 1 or 2 supplied by team members themselves

1 x woollen scarf

Footwear 

4 x pairs of Devold thick Nansen socks

2 x pairs of Devold Active thinner socks team members themselves1 x Devold woollen Nordsjosweater with turtle neck 1 x  Devold woollen Nansen sweater with 

p

2 x pairs of Wolsey woollen half length sock 

4 x pairs of Wolsey full length hose sock 

(variety of sizes for each man for layering) 1 x  Devold woollen Nansen sweater with crew neck 1 x woollen waistcoat     j  j k t/ lt ti  thi  

1 x Finnesko boot 

Hands 

1 x pair of large reindeer mits 

    i   f l  t   lb  fi l   l   ith  itt  1 x pyjama jacket/alternative thinner jumper tbc

1 x pair of long to elbow fingerless gloves with mitten covering  

2/3 x pairs of ordinary woollen gloves

1 x pair of large woollen mittens