Ben R. Oppenheimer, Sasha Hinkley, Anand Sivaramakrishnan, Ben R. Oppenheimer, Sasha Hinkley, Anand Sivaramakrishnan, Remi Soummer, Douglas BrennerRemi Soummer, Douglas Brenner

Ian Parry, David King, Steve MedlenIan Parry, David King, Steve Medlen

http://lyot.orghttp://lyot.org

PROJECT 1640AN ANCILLARY OF

Digital Universe: http://haydenplanetarium.orgDigital Universe: http://haydenplanetarium.org

Planets are complexVogt-Russell Theorem: “mass and chemical

composition are sufficient to determine the structure, evolution and outward appearance of a star completely”

Planets have a diversity possibly unmatched in astronomy, and the theorem does not apply

Terrestrial Planets to scaleTerrestrial Planets to scale

Giants to scaleGiants to scale

The onset of complexity perhaps begins in the brown dwarf mass range where age is needed as well.

In coolest or lowest mass BDs, more complexity: The chemistry and SEDs are drastically affected by minor changes in composition, mass, age

A few simple parameters are A few simple parameters are insufficient to determine a insufficient to determine a planet’s salient features.planet’s salient features.

• 3.6 m telescope atop Haleakela (Maui)• 941 actuator AO system• 80-90% Strehl at H-Band• Optimized, diffraction-limited coronagraph• 30 stars observed (1 candidate planet, 7 BDs, 3 disks)

• Differential Polarimeter working• Integral Field Unit being built now

Planet and Brown Dwarf SensitivityPlanet and Brown Dwarf SensitivityLyot ProjectLyot Project

Discovery SpaceDiscovery Space

Known butKnown butunseenunseen

exoplanetsexoplanets(Marcy et al. (Marcy et al.

2003)2003)

Some Nearby Star

H-BandH-Band15 minute exp.15 minute exp.

Speckles are the bane of any exoplanet imager, even in space!Speckles are the bane of any exoplanet imager, even in space!

Weird colorsWeird colors(i, z, J, H, K)(i, z, J, H, K)

Companionship Companionship confirmedconfirmed

H-BandH-BandS ~ 80-90%S ~ 80-90%

DynamicVegaVegaCompanionCompanionMass limitsMass limits

Dynamic Dynamic RangeRange

PolarimetrySpeckle subtraction

Current Current PerformancePerformance

HR4796

Oppenheimer et al., in prep.

Project 1640: Integral Field UnitProject 1640: Integral Field UnitSeeing through the specklesSeeing through the speckles

Data Cube MovieData Cube Movie

10 nm Steps10 nm StepsS ~ 90%S ~ 90% = 1.6 = 1.6 m (1.0 at left)m (1.0 at left)

Planet has flat spectrumPlanet has flat spectrum

AO PerformanceAO Performance matched to currentmatched to current AEOS performanceAEOS performance

QuickTime™ and aAnimation decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

OpticsR ~ 30-100 lenslet-based IFUJ-H band (1-1.85 µm)4” FOV (200x200 spatial pixels)

First Light Jan 2008

~0.5 m

Dewar is Identical to PHARO’s

HAWAII-II ArrayLenslet Array

Prism

Planet and Brown Dwarf SensitivityPlanet and Brown Dwarf Sensitivity

PALM3000 + P1640PALM3000 + P1640Discovery SpaceDiscovery Space

Known butKnown butunseenunseen

exoplanetsexoplanets(Marcy et al. (Marcy et al.

2003)2003)

Project 1640 Passed CDRProject 1640 Passed CDR

Fully funded ($1.8M)Fully funded ($1.8M)

Design Review included 4 external people:Design Review included 4 external people:Jamie Lloyd (Cornell), James Larkin (UCLA), David Schiminovich (Columbia)Jamie Lloyd (Cornell), James Larkin (UCLA), David Schiminovich (Columbia)Russ Makidon (STScI)Russ Makidon (STScI)

Recommendation:Recommendation:“collaboration with the Palomar Observatory should be sought immediately to put the team and Palomar at the forefront of high contrast science”

July at AMNHJuly at AMNH

Concept: Bring 1640 to 200”Concept: Bring 1640 to 200”put it and a small version of Lyot put it and a small version of Lyot behind the 3000 actuator AO systembehind the 3000 actuator AO system

P1640 with PALM3000P1640 with PALM3000

PALAO (prior to upgrade): PALAO (prior to upgrade): 1-2 magnitude improvement over AEOS1-2 magnitude improvement over AEOSbut much fainter stars are accessiblebut much fainter stars are accessible

LGS: LGS: GalaxiesGalaxiesSolar System science (eg Kuiper belt moon spectroscopy)Solar System science (eg Kuiper belt moon spectroscopy)Young starsYoung starsDebris disk science - spatially resolved chemistryDebris disk science - spatially resolved chemistryM-dwarf companionsM-dwarf companionsEvolved star astrophysicsEvolved star astrophysics

Unique capability for years to comeUnique capability for years to comeGemini Planet Imager and VLT’s SPHERE slated for late 2010Gemini Planet Imager and VLT’s SPHERE slated for late 2010and both are in the south, and perhaps only marginally more sensitive and both are in the south, and perhaps only marginally more sensitive

Hundreds of planets, circumstellar disk chemistry, disk evolutionHundreds of planets, circumstellar disk chemistry, disk evolution

We have the money, the people and an instrument.We have the money, the people and an instrument.Palomar is the best place in the world suited to do this workPalomar is the best place in the world suited to do this work

Ten Years of Coronagraphy

A Decade of A Decade of CoronagraphyCoronagraphy

Part of Palomar’s Part of Palomar’s Heritage isHeritage isCutting-degeCutting-degeCoronagraphyCoronagraphy