Ben Power in Slide 20, 22 Solar PV: Latest Developments€¦ · · 2018-03-01Solar PV: Latest...
Transcript of Ben Power in Slide 20, 22 Solar PV: Latest Developments€¦ · · 2018-03-01Solar PV: Latest...
Solar PV:
Latest Developments from an Energy Forum in Switzerland
Presentation to:
Contractors’ Breakfast Series
March 16, 2016
Doug MacLean
1.Next 25 2.Check shuffled slides & add one line commentary where missing. 3.Add “Background” heading to each slide 4.Add kW Capacity in Yukon slide 27
5.Get production profile for bifacial solar 6.Chk “what we can do” 55-57 and “Summary” 79-80 7.Add “death Spiral”ReadCTI Coal Report 8.order/dups and notes text. 9.Put conf slides & pres on G: drive
Ben Power in Slide 20, 22 Ben: Cost/W?
Energy Forum
1. Keynote/Background
2. Photovoltaic (PV) Developments
3. Beyond PV (Adaptive Building Skins, ETS, PVT,
Solar Thermal and Heat Pumps)
4. PV in the North
5. PV Market Changes
6. PV Policy Considerations
7. Summary
8. What You Can Do Now
Put papers on G drive and change last sentence
1. Keynote/Background
"Electric power is everywhere present in
unlimited quantities and can drive the
world's machinery without the need of coal,
oil, gas, or any other of the common fuels.”
- Nikola Tesla
(1856 – 1943)
Source: http://freeenergynews.com/Directory/Quotes/
1. Keynote/Background
Drivers for the Conference
• European Directive 2010/31/EU
(Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD))
• Horizon 2020 Program
• National and Local Programs
1. Keynote/Background
Drivers for the Conference (continued)
• Renewables Directive 2009/28EC 20% Renewable Energy by 2020
– National Renewable Energy Action Plans
(NREAP)
PV Cell Efficiencies Source: NREL
Source: Proceedings, A3-2: Photovoltaics in architecture: separating facts from fiction Dieter Moor, ertex solartechnik, Austria, p. 135.
2. PV Developments -- Efficiency
Source: http://blog.thingswedontknow.com/2015/09/the-inspirational-butterfly.html
2. PV Developments -- Efficiency
Source: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/600922/first-solars-cells-break-efficiency-record/, March 3, 2016.
2. PV Developments -- Efficiency
Source: http://www.treehugger.com/renewable-energy/amazing-chart-shows-again-why-solar-power-will-take-over-world.html.
2. PV Developments -- Cost
2. PV Developments -- Cost
Sources: http://www.cbc.ca/beta/news/business/oil-price-rise-alternative-energy-1.3423661
Fill in. 3
Falling costs & rising efficiency boost solar
cells sales, even as fossil fuel prices fall
2. PV Developments -- Cost
Sources: http://cleantechnica.com/2016/02/22/questioning-solar-economies-scale-2015-edition/ http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/ugc/blogs/2016/02/questioning_solaren.html
Small is Good; Big is Good.
2. PV Developments – BIPV
PV panels can
cover the sides
and roof of
buildings
Source: Proceedings Slides, p. A158.
Source: Proceedings Slides, p. A164.
2. PV Developments -- BIPV
Using Building Integrated Photo-voltaics (BIPV) on over 75% of the façade resulted in minimized energy needs and increased comfort.
Source: Proceedings, A1-1: Benefits of translucent building envelope made of DSC-integrated glassblocks Luisa Pastore, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy, pp. 18-20.
2. PV Developments -- BIPV
Source: Proceedings, A5-3: Strategies to increase the deployment of PV in façades Christian Renken, CR Energie Sarl, Collombey, Switzerland
“Already today, [in Europe], the investment of PV in façades is a profitable alternative to non-productive conventional façades.” – Swiss study
Source: Proceedings, p. 1439
Source: Proceedings, p. 212
2. PV Developments -- Supply
The monthly yield of BIPV is getting more balanced…
Source: Proceedings Slides, p. A161 (A3-2: Building integrated PV applications, Dominik Müller, Solvatec AG, Switzerland).
2. PV Developments -- BIPV
Sources: Proceedings, A4-4: Transformation of a historical coal bunker into a solar power station using multi-colored BIPV, Kerstin Müller, baubüro in situ ag, Basel, Switzerland, Proceedings Slides: p. A156.
Source: Proceedings Slides A170
Source: Proceedings Slides, p. 188
Source: Proceedings Slides, p. 189
Source: Proceedings Slides, p. A166
2. PV Developments -- BIPV
2. PV Developments -- BIPV
Source: Proceedings, A3-2: Photovoltaics in architecture: separating facts from fiction Dieter Moor, ertex solartechnik, Austria, p. 135 – 142.
Ben
2. PV Developments – Bifacial PV
The monthly yield of solar cells can be raised by using bifacial PV cells …
Source: http://thefraserdomain.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/hitachi_bifacial.jpg
Ben Power
2. PV Developments -- Shading
Source: Proceedings, A4-1: A size-flexible, shade robust photovoltaic system for integration in roofs and façades, Josco Kester, ECN Solar Energy, Netherlands, p. 154.
Source: Proceedings Slides, p. 217.
2. PV Developments – Cost
Sources: http://reneweconomy.com.au/2016/innovation-pre-fab-solar-farms-could-slash-cost-of-big-solar-98806
A prototype prefab 6 kW solar farm installed
… in four (4) minutes, reducing cost.
Ben
2. PV Developments – Cost
Sources: http://www.renovagen.com/?services=rollable-pv-array http://www.renovagen.com/
This is how they (likely) did it.
Ben
3. Beyond PV -- Adaptive Building Skins
Sources: E2-1: Energy Frames - A new technology for intelligent glazed façades Frederik V. Winther, Rambøll, Copenhagen, Denmark
E3-2: Monitoring energy and comfort performance of transparent adaptive façades L. Bianco, Valerio Verso, Valentina Serra, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
3. Beyond PV – ETS
In this simulation, building inhabitants consciously shift high loads to night time (e.g., using ETS or batteries) or to peak availability periods thus improving operation and reducing cost.
Source: F4-2: Simulation of captive use for building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) Samuel Summer Matter, Head Engineering Department, BE Netz AG, Switzerland
3. Beyond PV -- PVT
Combined PV and Solar Thermal (PVT) panels are showing significant promise over using the technologies separately.
Source: Proceedings, A1-2: Glazed photovoltaic-thermal component for building envelope structure Tomas Matuska, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic, p. 30.
Whitehorse has more yearly PV potential (960 kWh/kW) than Berlin, Germany (848 kWh/kW) where PV panels are widely used…
Sources: http://pv.nrcan.gc.ca/index.php?m=r and personal communication from Shane Wolffe
http://www.solarpowerworldonline.com/?s=Snow+no+more
4. PV in the North
4. PV in the North
Lower ambient temperatures can improve winter energy production -- 25% at -25˚C; better at -40˚C .
Sources: http://www.greenenergyfutures.ca/episode/solar-myths, para. 8. http://www.thegreenage.co.uk/article/the-impact-of-temperature-on-solar-panels/ http://science.opposingviews.com/temperature-affect-solar-panels-20687.html http://www.noyodecia.com/wind-power-system-basics-home-power-magazine.html (graph)
Because of work done here, we know vertical panel installation can improve winter electricity production … by about 10 to 20% compared to a 45 – 55˚ tilt.
.
Source: Unpublished data for Yukon, S. Andre.
4. PV in the North
4. PV in the North
This is confirmed by some initial data from solar panels in Tagish, Yukon.
Source: Personal Communication, Anne Middler, Feb. 17, 2016. http://www.solarpowerworldonline.com/?s=Snow+no+more
We now know that clearing snow can improve winter production slightly, particularly for panels installed at a low angle. Panels installed vertically rarely, if ever, require snow removal.
Source: http://www.nait.ca/docs/NAIT_Reference_Array_Report_March_31_2015.pdf, page 5.
4. PV in the North
4. PV in the North
The difference in albedo from dry concrete or asphalt (~0.2) to fresh snow on the ground (~0.8) can boost PV output by 5-10%
Source: https://pvpmc.sandia.gov/modeling-steps/1-weather-design-inputs/plane-of-array-poa-irradiance/calculating-poa-irradiance/poa-ground-reflected/albedo/
We know that vertical rails can expedite snow load shedding to improve winter production.
Source:
http://www.solarpowerworldonline.com/2016/01/mounting-solar-panels-to-vertical-rails-can-encourage-snow-shedding-says-whitepaper/.
http://www.solarpowerworldonline.com/?s=Snow+no+more
4. PV in the North
Source: Proceedings, p. 208.
Production for Whitehorse, and vertical PVs vs a 50˚ tilt angle: North: 29% East 59% West 55% South: 81%
Production vs Tilt and Orientation Whitehorse, Yukon (60.7 ˚ N)
Production vs Tilt and Orientation Aqaba, Jordan (29.5 ˚ N)
Production vs Tilt and Orientation Barcelona, Spain (41.3˚ N)
Source: Shane Andre, personal communication
4. PV in the North
5. PV Market Changes
Source: Proceedings Slides, PVPS Task 15 Acceleration of BIPV, p. A257. See also: http://cleantechnica.com/2016/02/10/global-solar-pv-pipeline-now-exceeds-200-gw-ihs/
Source: At left: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_onshore_wind_farms At right: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_by_country
5. PV Market Changes
5. PV Market Changes
Source: http://www.techinsider.io/map-shows-solar-panels-to-power-the-earth-2015-9
Add roof area needed
5. PV Market Changes
Use of coal is under fire as: “easily the dirtiest of the fossil fuels” in terms of GHGs, and “The greatest threat to global health …” – WHO
Sources: http://ipolitics.ca/2016/02/11/time-to-kick-the-coal-habit-canada/, February 11, 2016.
6. PV Market Changes
There is growing environmental pressure to leave fossil fuels, such as coal, in the ground
Source: http://www.climatecouncil.org.au/unburnable-carbon-why-we-need-to-leave-fossil-fuels-in-the-ground
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5. PV Market Changes
China reports:
Coal now not indispensible
for power generation. Source: http://snip.ly/7m761#http://reneweconomy.com.au/2016/base-load-power-a-myth-used-to-defend-the-fossil-fuel-industry-96007, March 2, 2016 See also: http://www.raponline.org/press-release/new-rap-analysis-shows-fresh-solutions-to-renewable-energy-duck?utm_source=ZohoCampaigns&utm_campaign=US+RAPPORT+March+2016_2016-03-02&utm_medium=email
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5. PV Market Changes
The Tangshanpeng Wind Farm in northern China
China’s CO2 emissions fell in 2015 due to
a decline in coal, boost in renewables
Source: http://e360.yale.edu/
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5. PV Market Changes
Queensland energy minister Mark Bailey
Australia: Queensland Energy Minister says rooftop solar will soon be the biggest source of electricity in the state.
Source: http://reneweconomy.com.au/2016/qld-energy-minister-says-rooftop-solar-will-soon-be-biggest-generator-45057, February 19, 2016.
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5. PV Market Changes
The world is now adding more capacity for
renewable power each year than coal, natural
gas, and oil combined Source: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-14/fossil-fuels-just-lost-the-race-against-renewables
Fill in. 2
5. PV Market Changes
Source: http://www.utilitydive.com/news/wind-and-solar-provided-all-new-us-electric-capacity-in-january/415195/
Fill in. 3
Wind and solar provided all new U.S.
electric capacity in January, 2016.
5. PV Market Changes
Get article1.
In the U.S., there are twice as many
solar workers as coal miners
Source: http://fortune.com/2015/01/16/solar-jobs-report-2014/
5. PV Market Changes
Sources: http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2016/02/01/3743082/renewables-revolution/ http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-12/germany-proves-life-with-less-fossil-fuel-getting-easier
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Grid Reliability Is Increasing with Renewables
5. PV Market Changes
Older nuclear power plants are also being phased out and replaced with renewable energy
Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_France
5. PV Market Changes
Sources: http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jul/10/denmark-wind-windfarm-power-exceed-electricity-demand
Fill in. 3
Wind power generated 140% of
Denmark's electricity daily demand on
at least one occasion.
5. PV Market Changes
In Germany, renewable energy currently is 27 percent of gross electricity consumption
Source: http://thebulletin.org/can-germanys-renewable-energy-revolution-be-replicated-united-states9169
Fill in
5. PV Market Changes
Sources: http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/03/uruguay-makes-dramatic-shift-to-nearly-95-clean-energy?CMP=share_btn_fb
Renewables now provide over 94% of
Uruguay’s electricity
5. PV Market Changes
Sources: https://www.good.is/articles/2015-the-year-costa-rica-derived-99-percent-of-its-electricity-from-renewable-energy?utm_source=thedailygood&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=dailygood http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/costa-rica-renewable-energy-climate_us_56798c79e4b014efe0d6f524
… and 99% of Costa Rica’s electricity.
5. PV Market Changes
Sources: http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/feb/29/worlds-biggest-floating-solar-farm-power-up-outside-london
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World's biggest floating solar farm
powers up outside London
Source: http://www.gizmag.com/fosen-vind-largest-wind-power-project-europe/42059/
5. PV Market Changes
Norway to build Europe's largest onshore wind power project
5. PV Market Changes
Sources: https://www.facebook.com/guy.dauncey/posts/10153337076346516, February 29, 2016. http://www.entrepreneur.com/slideshow/271820, March 5, 2016. http://constructionreviewonline.com/2016/02/first-solar-powered-airport-south-africa-opens/ , February 29, 2016.
The first solar powered airport
in South Africa has opened
5. PV Market Changes
Source: http://ecowatch.com/2014/02/14/worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-for-business/ http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=121544&p=irol-newsArticleNRG&ID=1899656 http://ecowatch.com/2014/12/04/rooftop-solar-outshine-solar-farms/
Solar Thermal Plant opened near Ivanpah in the Mojave Desert Dec. 31, 2013
Capacity: 392 MW
5. PV Market Changes
Source: http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/08/africa/ouarzazate-morocco-solar-plant/
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World’s Largest Concentrated Solar Thermal Plant (CSP) opened in Morocco
Capacity: 160 MW 500 MW when all phases complete
5. PV Market Changes
Solar panels and installation are already being offered for free in New Zealand
Source: http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/67650722/Free-panels-place-solar-power-within-reach-for-kiwis
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5. PV Market Changes
Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/15/california-clean-energy_n_7578810.html
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DirecTV has built a solar farm at one of its California offices. Its television technicians now offer solar energy packages when visiting customers' homes
California invests in Clean Energy
5. PV Market Changes
Sources: http://www.iflscience.com/environment/california-set-give-solar-panels-low-income-families, May 27, 2015 https://www.facebook.com/groups/657584194344617?view=permalink&id=669493639820339, January 27, 2016 http://www.gridalternatives.org/clients
Fill in. 3
California Giving Free Solar Panels
to Low-Income Families
5. PV Market Changes
Sources: http://www.vox.com/2016/2/26/11116230/rural-electric-co-ops-solar, Feb.26, 2016
https://www.facebook.com/groups/albertamicrogen/permalink/669446276491742/, Feb. 26, 2016
Fill in. 3
US Rural Electric Co-ops are
investing in solar with USDA help
5. PV Market Changes
Sources: https://ilsr.org/small-ohio-town-to-feature-large-distributed-solar-and-storage/, February 22, 2016
Ohio town has installed 3 MW
of solar cells and battery storage.
5. PV Market Changes
Stafford Hill Solar Farm near Rutland
City, VT has 2.5 MW of solar cells.
Sources: http://www.grosolar.com/projects https://ilsr.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2016/03/Report-Mighty-Microgrids-PDF-3_3_16.pdf
5. PV Market Changes
There is now a 2 MW solar farm in Alberta
Sources: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10207675389015562&set=gm.995001933880372&type=3&theater
5. PV Market Changes
Colville Lake, NWT, now has solar panels and batteries to allow the community to run entirely on the sun’s energy in the summer.
Sources: http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2016/02/21/the-nwt-village-set-to-run-entirely-on-the-sun-
this-summer.html/
5. PV Market Changes
Solar panels on the research centre and visitor centre in Old Crow are part of the community's plan to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels.
Sources: http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2016/02/21/the-nwt-village-set-to-run-entirely-on-the-sun-
this-summer.html/ http://yukon-news.com/news/old-crow-pushes-for-renewable-power/ http://kza.yk.ca/projects/
5. PV Market Changes
Source: https://www.facebook.com/groups/solarenergyintheyukon/permalink/767699776686279/ https://monitoringpublic.solaredge.com/solaredge-web/p/site/public?name=YEC
Fill in. 3
Yukon Energy has Invested in Clean Energy
5. PV Market Changes
Source: http://reneweconomy.com.au/2016/this-battery-storage-revolution-could-happen-quicker-than-we-thought-70574
Fill in 1.
Elon Musk has sold $1 billion of battery storage devices, even before he had a product, or built a factory.
5. PV Market Changes
Source: http://www.takepart.com/article/2014/06/17/now-elon-musk-building-worlds-solar-panel-factory
Get photo of solar factory 1.
Now Elon Musk is building the
world’s biggest solar panel factory
6. PV Policy Considerations
Source: http://reneweconomy.com.au/2014/why-evs-will-make-solar-viable-without-subsidies-91738
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In some cases, EVs are now on parity with conventional cars in terms of owner cost.
5. PV Market Changes
Electric Vehicle Innovation is increasing …
Source: http://www.nationalobserver.com/2016/02/23/news/part-bike-part-car-velometro-take-cities-storm, Feb. 23, 2016.
5. PV Market Changes
… with applications in buses proving positive …
Sources: http://cleantechnica.com/2016/02/22/electric-buses-efficient-as-he-nrel-finds/, Feb. 22, 2016.
http://evobsession.com/nrel-proterra-ev-buses-possess-average-fuel-economy-roughly-4-times-higher-than-that-of-cng-baseline-buses/
5. PV Market Changes
Source: http://www.rmi.org/Content/Files/RMI-TheEconomicsOfBatteryEnergyStorage-ExecutiveSummary-FINAL.pdf, October, 2015.
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Rocky Mountain Institute study finds: benefits of batteries significant
5. PV Market Changes
Large scale battery storage use is increasing Sources: http://www.utilitydive.com/news/why-battery-storage-is-just-about-ready-to-take-off/407096/ Photo: AES Energy Storage, Dayton, Ohio (40 MW) http://www.rtoinsider.com/miso-energy-storage-tariff-20988/ http://aesenergystorage.com/2013/09/30/aes-reaches-more-than-100-mw-of-grid-scale-storage-in-the-u-s-with-40-mw-resource-in-ohio/
AES 100 MW Energy Storage, 40 MW Resource, Dayton Ohio
5. PV Market Changes
Source: http://cleantechnica.com/2016/02/18/australian-energy-storage-market-rise-ihs/, Feb. 18, 2016. See also: http://cleantechnica.com/2016/01/28/uk-will-add-1-gigawatt-of-energy-storage-by-2020-ihs-predicts/
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Residential, Commercial and Grid-scale energy storage sales are booming …
5. PV Market Changes
PV is becoming popular in Alberta, in spite of its status as Canada’s largest oil-producing province.
Source: https://www.facebook.com/groups/albertamicrogen/permalink/668047143298322/
Fill in. 4 to 8 + ck others
Micro-Generation in Alberta
Public Group
5. PV Market Changes
This Alberta home PV system has a capacity of 43 kW and will be expanded to 50 kW.
Source: https://www.facebook.com/groups/albertamicrogen/?fref=nf/
Fill in. 4 to 8 + ck others
Micro-Generation in Alberta
Public Group
5. PV Market Changes
PV systems are being installed in Yukon.
Source: https://www.facebook.com/groups/solarenergyintheyukon/permalink/841340049322251/, March 7, 2016 – Left Photo Personal communication from John Maissan – Right Photo.
kW Capacity in Yukon
Micro-Generation in Alberta
Public Group
5. PV Market Changes
Previous work showed that ETS is an economic option in Yukon that could complement PV.
5. PV Market Changes
An Australian company (Zen Energy) claims that it can offer lower prices than the grid by using solar collectors and battery storage.
Sources: http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2015/s4339390.htm http://www.steffes.com/off-peak-heating/residential-systems.html http://www.zenenergy.com.au/home/
5. PV Market Changes
Source: http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/enphase-is-turning-its-microinverters-into-grid-optimization-agents?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=gtmsocial, Feb. 10, 2016.
Fill in. 3
PV microinverters (Smart Inverters) are proving to be good grid-optimization agents
5. PV Market Changes
Homes are beginning to be pre-wired for solar power, solar batteries, and electric car chargers Added benefit: emergency backup power
Source: http://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/home-property/77053905/new-homes-prewired-for-solar-power-batteries-and-electric-car-charging
Fill in. 4 to 8 + ck others
5. PV Market Changes
Source: http://reneweconomy.com.au/2014/why-evs-will-make-solar-viable-without-subsidies-91738
Fill in. 3
Solar + Electric Vehicle + Stationary Battery = Free Electricity Possible after 8 years
6. PV Policy Considerations
Integrating PV on electrical grids has sometimes created a stormy situation … in which lies an opportunity … Sources:
http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/can-the-utility-industry-survive-the-energy-transition
https://ilsr.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2016/03/Report-Mighty-Microgrids-PDF-3_3_16.pdf
6. PV Policy Considerations
Source: http://m.pv-magazine.com/news/details/beitrag/new-report-finds-net-metering-under-attack-across-the-united-states_100023348/?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter, February 23, 2016. http://policyintegrity.org/publications/detail/managing-future-electricity-grid, Feb. 19, 2016
Fill in. 3
Net metering under review across the United States
6. PV Policy Considerations
Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics, March 8, 2016
Fill in. 3
Grid parity is improving.
6. PV Policy Considerations
While previously, US Federal energy subsidies favoured fossil fuels
Sources: http://cleantechnica.com/2016/02/25/the-myth-about-renewable-energy-subsidies/
6. PV Policy Considerations
Sources: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-12-17/what-just-happened-to-solar-and-wind-is-a-really-big-deal
Fill in. 3
as US Tax Credits for Renewables Extended
6. PV Policy Considerations
Australia says there are no current concerns about the growing market penetration of renewable energy on its grid …
Source: http://reneweconomy.com.au/2016/sa-network-says-no-issues-with-renewables-as-it-looks-to-wind-solar-micro-grids-70844
Fill in. 4 to 7
6. PV Policy Considerations
… and smooth sailing is expected to return
Source: http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/can-the-utility-industry-survive-the-energy-transition
6. PV Policy Considerations
Finally, remember what Justin Hall-Tipping, CEO of Nanoholdings said about electricity transmission to neighbouring houses becoming free?
Source: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NWXL5_NQ31Y/T5VWg_AlC4I/AAAAAAAAAyw/EZhmTeTsDZI/s1600/JustinHall-Tipping.jpg
6. PV Policy Considerations
It happened. 2 weeks ago.
Source: https://www.newscientist.com/article/2079334-blockchain-based-microgrid-gives-power-to-consumers-in-new-york/?utm_source=NSNS&utm_medium=SOC&utm_campaign=hoot&cmpid=SOC, March 2, 2016
7. General Summary
What has changed:
the world is taking climate change
seriously,
there’s been a sea change in Chinese
energy behaviour,
clean energy is taking hold in developing
countries, and
the price of solar and wind power is
falling.
Source: http://grist.org/climate-energy/4-surprising-reasons-why-clean-energy-is-gaining-
on-fossil-fuels/
7. General Summary
The EU directive (2010/31/EU) requiring
“nearly zero energy” (nZEB) in new
buildings by 2020 (2018 for new public
buildings) is making a difference.
Significant EU & private research funding
is accelerating energy-related advances.
7. General Summary (concluded)
Experience around the world is showing
that investments in renewables like solar is
beginning to pay big dividends.
The EU’s approach to programs, incentives
and regulations is resulting in reduced
energy use, and more use of renewable
energy in all new buildings.
Ben Power
8. What You Can Do Now
Consider measures that can lower your
energy use like LED lighting, insulation
retrofits, better windows, etc. ….
Consider installing a solar system at your
home or business.
Consider other complementary technologies
like ETS, electric battery storage, an electric
vehicle, solar thermal, wind power, etc.
Ben Power