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Transcript of BELUM RESORT CASE STUDY REPORT
Asian Architecture [ARC 2213/2234]
PROJECT 1: CASE STUDY
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant
Energy Savings and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
NAME: POH WEI KEAT
STUDENT ID: 0303646
LECTURER: PN. NORHAYATI
SUBMISSION DATE: 12 JUN 2014
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 1
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to
Achieve Significant Energy Savings and Optimum
Aesthetic Structural Value
Table of Contents Page
Abstract ........................................................................................................................ 2
1.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 3
2.0 Overview of Skylight Design in Villa Tanjung Wan .......................................... 4
2.1 Characteristics of Daylight .............................................................................. 5
3.0 Effectiveness of Skylight in Villa Tanjung Wan ............................................... 6
3.1 Application of Skylight Feature to Achieve Energy Efficiency ............................ 6-9
3.2 Application of Skylight Feature to Achieve Optimum Aesthetic Value ........... 10-12
3.3 Comparison between Application of Skylight Feature in Wind and Water Bar in
Vietnam ............................................................................................................. 10-12
4.0 Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Skylight in Villa Tanjung Wan ....... 12-16
5.0 Importance of Energy Conservation to Environment ................................ 16-18
6.0 Conclusion ................................................................................................... 19
7.0 References .............................................................................................. 20-21
8.0 Appendix ................................................................................................. 22-23
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 2
Abstract
The main purpose of conducting studies on application of skylights in Villa
Tanjung Wan is to identify the effectiveness of skylight design in terms of energy
savings and aesthetic structural value and also to find out the importance of energy
conservation to nature environment. With skylight as the prime passive design feature
of Villa Tanjung Wan, the understanding of skylight throughout its functions, elements
and sustainability are being discovered. In order to provide wider variation of research,
articles and literature reviews based on severe sources regarding about skylights were
conducted. In assisting to verify the research, case study on Wind and Water Bar in
Vietnam was done. Wind and Water Bar is a bamboo structure located in the middle of
artificial lake with a skylight functions as ventilating interior hot air to outside on top of
the roof. Implementation of skylight in Villa Tanjung Wan promotes energy savings by
reducing the requirement for artificial lights as sunlight is use as primary source of light.
Skylights are also used for aesthetic enhancement purpose as it interplays between
light and shadow and bridge the indoors with the outdoors, providing amazing
landscape view. Consideration of skylight design installation in terms of size, slope
degree, location, and moisture control are the keys affecting its efficiency. Studies
showed that the greater the area of skylight, the lower the total power consumption,
thus greater savings of energy. The importance of energy conservation is not only to
save costs but also prevent non-renewable energy resources from exhausting and
reduce emission of harmful gas that will cause global warming. Hence, a proper
selected energy efficient skylight can contribute to energy saving and optimum
aesthetic structure value which help in conserving nature environment for a better
future. These important findings will eventually lead to better application of skylight
design in building for high efficiency and attractive purpose in the future.
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 3
1.0 Introduction
Being surrounded by the Tasik Temenggor and Royal Belum Forest which has
130 million history, Belum Rainforest Resort was built in year 2008 with combination of
new buildings and renovated elements with intention of providing visitors educational
experiences and knowledge of green nature environment. With underlying theme of
recycling, sustainability and energy efficiency, the villas there were built with
implementation of passive design features that fully utilize the rich resources available
in the site context.
Previous design features used in Belum Rainforest phase 1 and 2 include the
‘huruhara’ walls constructed out of recycled bricks salvaged from existing buildings on
site, sapling screens harvested from fast growing sustainable local timbers, ‘safari roof’
using ventilated air-gap as natural insulating layer and heat recovery systems for hot-
water from a/c units, tropical architecture of deep roof eaves and fenestrations which
encourage natural ventilation, landscaping scheme planted with indigenous trees and
plants and lastly a series of water features providing rest area, reflection and nature
appreciation (Lina, 2011). On the other hand, as for the new phase 3 (Figure 1) that
was built recently named Villa Tanjung Wan emphasize on the concept of openness
that uses large windows and skylight openings which improve the building overall
performances.
Figure 1: Villa Tanjung Wan in Phase 3
(Source: EMKAY, 2014)
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 4
This paper will investigate on the effectiveness of skylight application in Villa
Tanjung Wan in terms of the achieving energy efficiency and optimum aesthetic
structural value and the importance energy conservation to nature environment by
responding to the following research questions:
Main Question:
How skylight design in Villa Tanjung Wan affect the energy efficiency and aesthetic
structural value of the building?
Sub Question(s):
1. State the definition of skylight and its characteristics.
2. How does skylight feature help in maximizing the efficiency and enhance the
aesthetic value of the building?
3. What are the factors affecting the effectiveness of skylight in the building?
4. What are the differences when compared to application of skylight in Wind and
Water Bar in Vietnam?
5. Why is it important to conserve energy and how does it affect the nature
environment?
2.0 Overview of Skylight Design
Thomas (2013, p.185) stated that passive architecture design can be defined as a
discipline or process that drives innovation on how a building designed able to
response to the site context permanently to achieve human comfort and sustainability.
It harvest free energy from the nature environment to provide heating, cooling,
ventilation and lighting which promote energy efficiency. Energy conversion efficiency
is the ratio between the useful output of an energy conversion machine and the input,
in energy terms (Dictionary.com, 2014). In other words, energy efficiency can be define
as less amount of energy required to provide same quality of product.
Skylight is one of the passive architecture design with an opening in roof or ceiling,
fitted with glass to allow penetration of light. Normally, the shape of the skylight follows
the slope of the roof. There are 3 main classes of skylights classified according to their
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 5
function include: ventilating skylight, fixed skylight and tubular skylight which are widely
used in industrial, commercial, and residential buildings. Ventilating skylight can be
opened to promote air ventilation, fixed skylight only focus solely to admit light into the
building and tubular skylight is small skylight for hallways or small spaces. The one that
was used in Villa Tanjung Wan is double pitch ventilating skylight as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Double pitched skylight
(Source: United Arab Emirates University, 2010)
2.1 Characteristics of Daylight
The amount of light that a skylight can provide depends directly on the amount of
daylight available outside. Therefore climate condition plays important role in the
illumination of skylight. Sun is the point source of nature light and often referred as
“beam” light where it is highly directional. The intensity of sunlight constantly change
with time and also together with the color of the light from sunrise to sunset.
The brightness of cloudy skies largely depends on the thickness of the cloud. A
light ocean mist can be extremely bright, at 8,000 foot candles, while clouds on a
stormy day can almost blacken the sky. The daylight on a day with complete cloud
cover tends to create a very uniform lighting condition. Skylight from clear blue skies,
on the other hand, is surprisingly non-uniform where it is darkest at 90° opposite the
sun’s location, and brightest around the sun. It also has a “blue” cast to it, and is
characterized as a “cool” color temperature of up to 10,000°K. Light from cloudy skies
is warmer in color, a blend somewhere between sunlight and clear blue skies, at about
7,500°K (Heschong Mahone Group, 1998).
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 6
Figure 3: Daylight Differences
(Source: Heschong Mahone Group, 1998)
Daylight has many advantages over artificial light as it is completely free,
unlimited natural resource and does not pollute the nature environment. Sunlight
actually brings positive effect to human body as it helps our bodies to produce Vitamin
D. Vitamin D production in our bodies aids the production of serotonin, which helps in
regulating our moods, increasing positive feelings and energy levels. Therefore,
installation of skylight can increase the exposure of sunlight and indirectly assist in
production of Vitamin D and serotonin of human body (Rick, 2014).
3.0 Effectiveness of Skylight in Villa Tanjung Wan
According to EMKAY Group Chief Executive Officer, Tuan Haji Khalif bin Tan Sri
Datuk Haji Mustapha Kamal (2014), conserving environment and championing
sustainability are the objectives when designing villas in Belum Rainforest. Skylight is
one of the feature in this Villa Tanjung Wan which make major contribution to energy
efficiency and enhance aesthetic structural value of the building.
3.1 Application of Skylight Feature to Achieve Energy Efficiency
The Institute of Energy & Sustainable Development at Leicester’s De Montfort
University (2006) found out that application of skylight fully utilize sunlight as primary
source of light to increase the amenity of internal spaces and therefore reduce the
requirement of artificial light. As shown in Figure 4 and 5, the interior space of Villa
Tanjung Wan is naturally lit up using skylight and creates a warmth feeling when enter
the space. Without using artificial lights, the electrical cost and energy and also
maintenance fee can minimized and thus contribute to overall efficiency of the building.
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 7
Figure 4: Application of Skylight in Villa Tanjung Wan Dining Room
(Source: Scarlett, 2014)
Figure 5: Light Casted into Space during Noon
(Source: Belum Resort Website, 2014)
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 8
As illustrated in Dr Peter Lyons’s (2004) investigation on skylight, a skylight can
admit more than 3 times as much light as a same size vertical window as shown in
Figure 6. This is because skylight point skyward where light levels are higher and more
constant over the course of the day. They are orientated in such a way as to spread the
light throughout the room rather than keeping it localized along the outside wall.
Therefore, higher levels of illumination from less square footage where significant
savings can be achieved.
Figure 6: Windows vs. Skylight
(Source: Tru-Lite Skylights Data Sheet, n.d.)
Solar heat gain can be controlled using glazing. Glazing in skylight can be
designed to reduce, block or facilitate light transfer according to sun angles as
illustrated in Figure 7. It is usually either plastic or glass glazing where plastic glazing is
cheaper and have greater impact resistance than other glazing materials. Acrylics and
polycarbonates are the most common used plastic glazing. On the other hand, Glass
glazing skylight is more durable than plastics and does not fade in color. Normally,
tempered glass will be used on the exterior side and a laminated pane on the interior
side to withstand high impact for safety reason as both keep glass from breaking into
sharp shards of glass.
Richard (2013) clarifies that diffuse glazing has a back-scattering effect on
incoming solar radiation which slightly reduces overall transmittance of visible light but
also reduces the solar heat load on the space below. The light evenly distributed over a
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 9
wide range of angles providing soft, smooth lighting. Translucent insulation and
weather bar can be installed between glazing layers to make the skylight more
thermally efficient as shown in Figure 8.
Figure 7: Conventional Skylight
(Source: Solar Track Web, 2010)
Figure 8: Details of Pitched Skylight
(Source: Patent Glazing Company, 2010)
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 10
3.2 Application of Skylight Feature to Achieve Optimum Aesthetic
Structural Value
In a novice point of view, passive design strategies may seems unrelated to the
aesthetic value of building structure. Nonetheless, Rick (2014) highlighted that skylight
can be intentionally design to provide incredible views of natural landscape, adding
aesthetic appeal to the building. As in Villa Tanjung Wan, the unique characteristics of
the building are being strengthen with use of skylight. The application of skylight
showcase the beauty of the contrast between light and shadow when the natural light
from skylight casted into the bathroom (Figure 9). The interplay between the black and
white colors further enhance the aesthetic beauty of the space, making it more
elegance in a sense that people will not feel reluctant when enter the bathroom.
Figure 9: Contrast between Light and Shadow
(Source: Belum Resort Website, 2014)
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 11
Skylight also enhance the appearance of the material used itself. As shown in
Figure 9, the light cast on the concrete material creates a smooth effect on the rough
surface concrete material that would improve human visual comfort level whereas in
Figure 10, the wood material table and the steel plate characteristics was being
strengthen out with smooth lighting casted on it, giving out a sense of natural feeling.
Figure 10: Effect of Daylight Casted on Material
(Source: Belum Resort Website, 2014)
In the north side of Villa Tanjung Wan, there is a coverless skylight that allows the
tree to grow through as shown in Figure 11 which bridges the connection between
indoors and outdoors, allowing interaction between human and nature. People can
have activities below the skylight or just sit and watch the birds fly over and glance up
on the starry sky at night. Skylight provide a relaxing ambiance, adding flexibility to
architecture design. “It is designed to work as one, Man and Nature. Sheer elegance
tastefully blended into its stunning surroundings” (EMKAY, 2014).
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 12
Figure 11: Skylight Opening Roof
(Source: Banding Island Website, 2014)
3.3 Comparison between Application of Skylight in Wind and Water
Bar in Vietnam
Wind and Water Bar (Figure 12) is located in an artificial lake in Thu Dau Mot
Town, Vietnam. It is made up with a bamboo structural arch system into a dome shape
with 10 meter high and 15 meter spanning across. The building uses natural wind
energy to cool down the lake water which promotes natural air ventilation. It gives a
luxurious feeling but at the same time remains gentle in its atmosphere. The bar
function for town meetings and other social activities.
There is hole acting as skylight with diameter of 1.5m on the top of the roof
shown in Figure 13. There is a slight difference between the shape and the function of
the skylight in Villa Tanjung Wan and the Wind and Water Bar. Wind and Water Bar
skylight is dome shape where it is used for evacuation of hot air from the enclosed
interior space to outside. Stack ventilation occurs here to push out the hot air to outside
and inviting cool air to enter to cool down the interior spaces. It is a sign of a new
architectural element where the landscape and the building merge harmony together
with the surrounding residential area and the nature.
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 13
Figure 12: Wind and Water Bar
(Source: Archdaily, 2012)
Figure 13: Application of Skylight in the Rooftop
(Source: Archdaily, 201
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 14
4.0 Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Skylight in Villa
Tanjung Wan
Energy star ratings and “U-value”, or ultra violet rating are the consideration
when selecting a proper skylight (Rick, 2014). Dr Peter Lyons (2004) mentioned that
there is an energy-rated skylight products called Window Energy Rating Scheme for
Skylights (WERSfs) which includes the ratings of U-value and Solar Heat Gain
Coefficient (SHGC) as well as a star rating system from 0 to 10 that ranks the
performance of each product when heating and cooling and the potential in providing
natural lighting as illustrated in Figure 14.
Figure 14: Energy Star Ratings
(Source: Energystar.gov, n.d.)
Although energy-efficient skylight was used, it still unable achieve its maximum
energy performance without proper installation. Therefore there are a few factor that
affect the effectiveness of skylight in Villa Tanjung Wan in terms of size, location, slope
and moisture control. First of all is the size of the skylight. As rule of thumb, the size of
the skylight should never be more than 5% of the floor area in rooms with many
windows and no more than 15% of the room's total floor area for spaces with few
windows (Energy.gov, 2012).
The location of the skylight also plays important role in maximizing its efficiency.
David Johnston (2013), internationally recognized green building expert claims that
though skylight are not automatically an energy improvement; they must be placed
strategically and be shaded under sun to maximize energy savings. The orientation of
Villa Tanjung Wan were place where longest façade facing north and south and
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 15
skylights were place in north area surrounded by tall trees as shown in Figure 15. In
warm climates, skylights are best place on the north and south facing roof to reduce
direct passive heat from sunlight.
Figure 15: North façade of Villa Tanjung Wan Surrounded by Tall Trees
(Source: Banding Island Website, 2014)
Besides, the slope level of the skylight is also crucial factor affecting the
effectiveness of skylight. As a general rule of thumb, it is good to achieve a slope equal
to geographical latitude plus 5 to 15 degrees. A flat orientated skylight on a flat roof will
intercept only little sunlight as the sun projects in low position in early morning and at
the end of the day. However, a skylight with slope level can intercept substantially more
sunlight at these critical low angles, increasing the illumination delivered below by 5 to
10 percent at the start and end of the day illustrated in Figure 16.
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 16
Figure 16: Sun Penetration on Flat vs. Sloped Roof
(Source: Heschong Mahone Group, 1998)
In addition, ceiling height and spacing between skylights also factors affecting
the efficiency of skylight. Skylights should space at a distance between 1.0 and 1.5
times the ceiling height in general rule of thumb shown in Figure 17. This assumes a
highly diffusing glazing and generally produces acceptable uniformity in distribution of
light. In relation to the proportion of the room and the height of the ceiling, there is a
probability that the skylight might cause glare to the occupant. The lower the ceiling,
the more likely that the skylights will be within the occupant’s sight view as illustrated in
Figure 18. A high ceiling keeps skylights out of line of view, reducing the effort for glare
control and protect the visual comfort of human (Heschong Mahone Group, 1998).
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 17
Figure 17: Spacing Rule of Thumb
(Source: Heschong Mahone Group, 1998)
Figure 18: Visual Comfort Effect of High versus Low Ceilings
(Source: Heschong Mahone Group, 1998)
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 18
Last but not least, moisture control is also a factor that would affect the
efficiency of skylight. It is essential to carefully maintain and seal the integrity of the
roof and the skylight casement to ensure air tight, solid fit. According to Energy.gov
(2012), it is wise to apply a layer of sheet waterproofing over the flanges of skylight or
install a watertight curb that helps to repel water away.
5.0 Importance of Energy Conservation to Environment
The usage of natural resources is increasing nowadays and human depend on
energy for virtually everything in our lives. Energy does not just make lives more
comfortable and also it is imperative for survival. Without proper conservation methods,
the non-renewable energy resources will exhaust one day. In cutting down the use of
electrical energy by replacing artificial lights with skylight, lots of money could be saved
from electrical bill and at the same time minimize the impact to the nature environment.
The Institute of Energy & Sustainable Development at Leicester’s De Montfort
University (2006) has conduct research on the effect of skylight area on carbon dioxide
emissions due to artificial lighting system as shown in Figure 19. The research
considered the thermal effects and the illumination effects of the artificial lights required
separately, then quantified each of these effects to establish the overall effect of
skylight area on total energy use and the equivalent carbon dioxide emissions. The end
of the result proves that the greater the skylight area, the less artificial light is required
and the lower the total power consumption. The higher the illumination level of the
artificial, the greater the lighting system’s power consumption and carbon dioxide
emissions. Therefore, increasing skylight area reduce the need of artificial light, cuts
the energy requirement of the building and reduces carbon dioxide emissions.
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 19
Figure 19: Effect of Skylight Area on Total Efficiency
(Source: RCI, Inc. Website, 2006)
Carbon dioxide is harmful gas that cause greenhouse effect. It is naturally
present in the atmosphere as part of the Earth’s carbon cycle. The uses of artificial light
that require electrical energy which generated from the combustion fossil fuels emit
large amount of carbon dioxide. The continuously emission of greenhouse gases in the
next few years might cause global warming and destroy the nature environment,
resulting in extinction of rare flora and fauna. Figure 20 & 21 shows the rare species of
flora and fauna found in Belum Rainforest that might extinct soon if actions were not
taken to solve the problem.
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 20
Figure 20: Hornbill in Belum Rainforest
(Source: Simedarby.com, 2014)
Figure 21: Rafflesia in Belum Rainforest
(Source: EcoTourismHub.com, 2014)
Nature environment is important to living things as it maintain the quality of life
and act as recreation area for human. It also provide useful educational and cultural
information in the study field of science, local history, conservation and nature studies.
Nature environment is also the source of substantial economic supplies to a country.
Hence, it is important to conserve energy in order to protect the nature environment.
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 21
6.0 Conclusion
The application of skylight design has successfully inherited and adapted the
passive design of Villa Tanjung Wan into the contemporary architecture, while at the
same time achieving effectiveness of energy efficiency and optimum aesthetic
structural value. Unlike buildings in the old times that focus only on its functionality,
building nowadays emphasize on various elements like sustainability, efficiency,
aesthetic value and function. Energy conservation is important to reduce the negative
impact to nature environment to provide a more comfortable and better quality of living
condition which should be started before it is too late. Implementation of skylight can
help to conserve energy as it reduce the electrical energy requirement of the building
and reduces carbon dioxide emissions. In conclusion, a proper selected energy
efficient skylight can contribute to energy saving and optimum aesthetic structure value
which help in conserving nature environment for a better future. These important
findings will eventually lead to better application of skylight design in building for high
efficiency and attractive purpose in the future.
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 22
7.0 References
Belum Eco Resort Sdn Bhd. (2014). Belum Rainforest Resort. Retrieved May 27, 2014,
from Belumresort.com website,
http://www.belumresort.com/media_gallery.html
Connelly, P. (2012). Skylights. [Website] Retrieved from
http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/skylights
EMKAY. (2014). Belum Rainforest Villas. Retrieved May 27, 2014, from
Bandingisland.com website,
http://www.bandingisland.com/e_belumrainforestvillas.php
Hawker, B. (2006). Skylights Save Energy. [Website] Retrieved from
http://www.rci-online.org/interface/2006-03-hawker.pdf
Heschong Mahone Group. (1998). Skylighting Guidelines. Retrieved June 12, 2014,
from Stanford.edu website:
http://www.stanford.edu/group/narratives/classes/08-
09/CEE215/ReferenceLibrary/EDR%20Design%20Briefs/sg-2-design.pdf
Solar Tracking Skylights. (n.d.). Internal Light Levels. Retrieved May 27, 2014, from
Solar-track.com website:
http://www.solar-track.com/tech2.html
passive design strategy. (n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged. Retrieved May 27, 2014,
from Dictionary.com website:
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/passivedesignstrategy
Pence, M. (2010). Why Save Natural Areas? [Website] Retrieved from
http://www.in.gov/dnr/naturepreserve/4740.htm
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 23
skylight. (n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged. Retrieved May 27, 2014, from
Dictionary.com website:
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/skylight
Vo Trong Nghia Architects. (2013). Wind and Water Bar. Retrieved June 12, 2014,
from votrongnghia.com website:
http://votrongnghia.com/projects/wnw-bar/
Whalley, R. (2014). Five Benefits Skylights Can Offer Your Home. [Website]
Retrieved from
http://www.oldwest.ca/blog/five-benefits-skylights-can-offer-your-home
Lina, O. (2011). World Architecture, Belum Rainforest Resort, 257, 63-67.
Retrieved from
http://www.c-arch.com.my/data/uploads/pub-world-architecture-belum.pdf
Torres, J. (2013). The Greenest Home: Superinsulated and Passive House Design.
England: New Jersey.
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 24
8.0 Appendix
Application of Skylights in Villa Tanjung Wan to Achieve Significant Energy Savings
and Optimum Aesthetic Structural Value
ARC 2213/2234 Asian Architecture 25