Fifteen minutes of left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic ...
BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!
description
Transcript of BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!
![Page 1: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BELLRINGER!!!
YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!DIVIDE YOUR
NOTECARD INTO 4 SECTIONS AND COMPLETE THE
FOLLOWING CHART ACCORDING
TO THE NUMBER OF VALENCE
ELECTRONS EACH HAS.
Sulfer Cesium
Boron Silicon
Ex: ChlorineCl
![Page 2: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
BELLRINGER!!!
YOU HAVE 4 MINUTES LEFT!DIVIDE YOUR
NOTECARD INTO 4 SECTIONS AND COMPLETE THE
FOLLOWING CHART ACCORDING
TO THE NUMBER OF VALENCE
ELECTRONS EACH HAS.
Sulfer Cesium
Boron Silicon
Ex: ChlorineCl
![Page 3: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
BELLRINGER!!!
YOU HAVE 3 MINUTES LEFT!DIVIDE YOUR
NOTECARD INTO 4 SECTIONS AND COMPLETE THE
FOLLOWING CHART ACCORDING
TO THE NUMBER OF VALENCE
ELECTRONS EACH HAS.
Sulfer Cesium
Boron Silicon
Ex: ChlorineCl
![Page 4: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
BELLRINGER!!!
YOU HAVE 2 MINUTES LEFT!DIVIDE YOUR
NOTECARD INTO 4 SECTIONS AND COMPLETE THE
FOLLOWING CHART ACCORDING
TO THE NUMBER OF VALENCE
ELECTRONS EACH HAS.
Sulfer Cesium
Boron Silicon
Ex: ChlorineCl
![Page 5: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
BELLRINGER!!!
YOU HAVE 1 MINUTES LEFT!DIVIDE YOUR
NOTECARD INTO 4 SECTIONS AND COMPLETE THE
FOLLOWING CHART ACCORDING
TO THE NUMBER OF VALENCE
ELECTRONS EACH HAS.
Sulfer Cesium
Boron Silicon
Ex: ChlorineCl
![Page 6: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Ionic and Covalent Bonding
PAGE 71
![Page 7: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Atoms gain, lose or share electrons to gain EIGHT electrons in their valence shell so they can be stable.
Remember the octet rule?
![Page 8: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
form when atoms lose or gain electrons.
Metals + Nonmetals
For example: Sodium (Na) has 1 valence electron (group 1).
What happens if that 1 valence electron is taken away?
Ionic Bonds
Na 3rd E.L.
![Page 9: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
When Na loses that 1 valence electron, its 2nd E.L. becomes the outermost E.L..
Now the Na atom has a valence shell with 8 electrons and is stable.
Lost an electron?
Remember the octet rule?
Gone...
![Page 10: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
When the Na atom loses an electron, it has one less negative charge compared to the positive charges (protons), so...
….it now has an extra positive charge.
When an atom has an electrical charge (positive or negative).
What is an ion?
![Page 11: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Chlorine has valence electrons
If Cl gains 1 electron, it will have 8 valence electrons and it will be stable (but it will have an overall negative charge).
More octet rule... Cl
7
![Page 12: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Now Na has a positive charge (lost an electron) and Cl has a negative charge (gained an electron). What happens now?
Opposite charges attract, so Sodium and Chlorine will form an IONIC bond.
Compound name: Sodium Chloride (overall neutral charge)
Wanna bond?
Na+ Cl-
NaCl
![Page 13: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
form when atoms share an electron to gain eight valence electrons (octet rule).
Nonmetals + Nonmetals
Metals + Metals
For example, Chlorine has 7 valence electrons...
Covalent Bonds
Cl ClTwo chlorine
atoms share a pair of
electrons to form a covalent
bond
![Page 14: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
When atoms of the same type form a covalent bond:
Examples: H2 Cl2 O2 Br2
F2 I2 N2
What is a diatomic molecule? Cl Cl
![Page 15: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Water is 2 Hydrogens (group 1: 1 valence electron) and 1 Oxygen (group 6: 6 valence electrons) COVALENTLY bonded together:
What about H2O?
H
H
O OHH
(H2O)
![Page 16: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Remember…you should write 5 things you learned in complete sentences.
Summarize!!!!!
You have 3 minutes left.
![Page 17: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Remember…you should write 5 things you learned in complete sentences.
Summarize!!!!!
You have 2 minutes left.
![Page 18: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Remember…you should write 5 things you learned in complete sentences.
Summarize!!!!!
You have 1minute left.
![Page 19: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Terms: Ionic and CovalentCircle your understanding of this word. (one is the lowest; 4 is the highest)
Use your notes for this definition!
Draw a description of this word
This is YOUR description of the word! How are you going to remember this word???
![Page 20: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Writing a reaction
To show how atoms bond, we can write a chemical reaction:
1. Reactants on the left2. Products on the right3. Arrow means “yields” or “gives”
2H + O H2O
How to write a chemical reaction?
![Page 21: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
General Rule:Ionic Bonds: metal/nonmetalCovalent: 2 nonmetals
How can you tell the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
![Page 22: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Electronegativity
Sometimes electrons in covalent bonds are not shared equally by the two atoms.
Electronegativity is the attraction an atom has for a shared pair of electrons.
Elements in group 17 have the highest electronegativity, whereas elements in group 1 and 2 have the lowest electronegativity.
Atoms with high electronegativity tend to want to gain electrons to complete their octet.
What is Electronegativity?
![Page 23: BELLRINGER!!! YOU HAVE 5 MINUTES LEFT!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56814499550346895db13f73/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Covalent Bonds
Covalent Bonds form when atoms share an electron to gain eight valence electrons (octet rule)
•Mg + 2Cl _______
•H + F ______
•Ca + O ________
Use your periodic table, find each element’s group, write out the Dot Diagram for each reactant, decide if it is ionic or covalent, then write the products.
Now you try!